• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.211-226
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• 2006

This paper examines the crisis of the protagonist's Jewish identity in Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint. Jewish values are centered on the philosophy of Judaism and Jewish history. Judaism is based on an ethical monotheism which is Bible-centered. It is characterized by its covenant with God, its humanism, and its emphasis on moral action. It provides essential reasons for man's existence and stresses human confidence and sufficiency. Jewish values can be found in words such as "good," "humanity," "dignity," "responsibility," and "sense of community." These positive Jewish values pervade Philip Roth's fiction paradoxically. Throughout especially Portnoy's Complaint, the protagonist fails to embrace Jewish values in contrast to Bellow or Malamud's heroes and repeat the same mistakes eliciting fits of laughter from readers. The protagonist suffers from his strongly-felt ethical and altruistic impulses perpetually warring with his extreme sexual longings against which he struggles. His desperation grows as he finds himself unable to channel his dissatisfaction and change his situations. His dominating mother and his confusion over Jewishness and Americanism are the main obstacles to his establishment of self-identity. He attempts to build up his gender identity and Jewish identity through his ego-centric sexual relationship with shikses(female gentiles). His inability to embody Jewish values leads to the failure to fulfill his identity. Roth paradoxically shows that the protagonist's realization of Jewishness is essential to the cure for his fragmented self.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.335-344
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• 2005

This paper aims to examine how the history of modern design has been described and what has been turned out to be shortcomings and limitations in its description. Traditionally, description of the history of modern design shows over generalization, which means that it suppresses or distorts various and individual designs, stressing on the mainstream of design history. Also it, focusing on some selected designs in hegemony, depicts their characteristics and relations too lineally, and regards a hero-centered history as universal or absolute one. As this tradition is generalized, we are ofter reminded of 'modern design' when touched by ‘design,’ and of colonial heroes and heroism when touched by ‘modern design.’ In this context, this paper will argue that we need to accept various design histories, keeping the subjective attitudes toward history.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

My former thesis was about the present status of Korean film aesthetics of Korean blockbusters through the cultural hybridity. Now this thesis focuses on hybridity and tragedy in Korean blockbusters from the postcolonial perspectives. Typical examples are Shiri, JSA, Taegukgi containing a special Korean situation of division ideology and expressing an extremely Western style of production. These movies hardly provide any historical causes, critical explanation, or vision beyond the discourse of national tragedy. They simply supply sentimental feeling of sympathizing with the misfortune of heroes in the course of national suffering. Therefore, these movies shows limitation not to accomplish postcolonial resistance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

The terrestrial television broadcasting has increased the number of the specialized job drama in the programming in 2000's, for overcoming the limit of the materials and reflecting the new sociocultural phenomenon valuing the specialized job. This drama benefits from good audience and huge fans, while the low average rate of audience shows the limit of competitiveness of this new genre. The text analysis clarifies three traits of the specialized job drama. At first, this genre is characterized by the variety of materials and the attempt of realistic description. Then, its narrative structure is organized so as to develop a story based rather on the success of career than on the relation of love. Finally, its last trait lives in the character of the heroes which is a creation based on the narrative structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

This study aims to provide a new perspective on Disney's animations, by examining how Disney systematized and transformed his own ways of cognitive systems of producing meaning through the costumes of his characters. For this purpose, 10 Disney animations of which the main characters were costume-wearing humans were selected and analyzed. First, the characters' costumes of the passive female heroines were much different from those of the active female heroines while the costumes of male heroes did not have any common characteristics. Second, the characters' costumes according to the settings of the animations had different aspects: the Western-Europe-based animations exhibited the appropriate costumes of the set times, but the non-Western-Europe-based animations exhibited the imaginative costumes of Disney rather than the appropriate costumes of the actual countries. Third, the costumes played the role of expressing the situations of the animations, and had their own repetitive conventions in each animation. Changes in the situations or the upward mobility of the status could be found easily through the costumes, but such distinctiveness became less visible in the later animations. Disney displayed his own distinctive formula of visual aesthetics through the characters' costumes. But it is recommended that we should have the critical views on the cultural messages of Disney's to prevent fixed ideas or cultural prejudices.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.205-225
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• 2003

This study attempts to survey the moral growth through prison motif. Malamud deals with the theme of suffering deeply. To learn love accompanied by suffering is the way to be moral and therefore suffering becomes Malamud's main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads Frank and Yakov to guest of selves. Through this their erotic impulses are changed into caritas. Malamud portrays Frank as a schlemiel. Like Malamud's other heroes he is also born to suffering, conditioned by it, and ultimately finds the meaning of his life in learning to deal with it. At last he carries the burden of supporting Helen and Ida. As a result, Frank becomes a social failure but a moral success as traditional American Adam. The prison motif is a rather strong function of setting symbolism in The Fixer. Yakov is imprisoned for a heinous crime that he did not commit. Yakov experiences hard physical and spiritual pains in prison for two and half years. His bitter suffering has matured him, changed him into a man with love, sacrifice and responsibility for others. At last he returns a true Jew and good man with perfect spirit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.3 s.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2004

This study suggests the basic resources for men's cosmetic which shows in history. Because not only ancient chief but also modern French noble men made up in the area where succeeded the traditional national cosmetic, when it was seen through historic or world, the men's cosmetic was generated and was more luxurious and presence than women. But since the French revolution, men was limited the collection of fashion, also the luxurious cloth and cosmetic disappeared. It was 1960s that men's cosmetic based rock musicians reappeared. And then, rock musicians made up luxuriously. The early cosmetic of rock musicians began from the protest's meaning for old fashioned value and fixed society. But gradually, it was changed the style that valued appearance's beauty. In the past, movie star's hair style and cloth were the basic fashion, but now the sportsmen are recognized heroes and their cosmetic is prevailing. Today, the basic meaning of men's presence fashion is that men and women's each role and self expression is allowed and appearance's decoration showed from sex roles disappeared. Men is limited body's beautiful expression and collective range but they fluently express each self imagination through work, special hobby, female attire and drag queen. From various men's beautiful expression, we will know that human beings want a society which is recognizing different self expressions.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-157
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• 2014

Among many literary isms, impressionism is often regarded as the most frank expression of personality. As a masterpiece of modernism, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier is a celebration of the subjectivity which reflects the writer's experiential reality. For Madox Ford, art is not to achieve the true objectivity of human society, but to seize the momentary perception in personal life. As the beginning of modernism, Madox Ford's impressionaism was mostly devoted to give fictive life to subjective impressions. And his heroes are usually the egoless person who can absorb the intense rapidity of consciousness without any prejudice. However, the innocent mind's receptions of myriad impressions, like those of the protagonist John Dowell or his idealized version of Major Ashburnham in The Good Solidier, were described as the enjoyable yet deceptive ones in Madox Ford's works. To engrave more sold perceptive impressions into life, Madox Ford often contrasts or mixes truth with deception, life with death as he did in his real life. Speicially as the result of thick application of real-life subject matters to his writings, Madox Ford's literary works get more vivid colors and penetrating forms. Thus, his literary impressionism based upon his harsh and passionate realities overcomes the limitations of shifting moments of senses, demolishing the boundaries between what is objective and what is subjective, like post-impressionism or expressionism. Namely, as Walter Lowenfels said, Madox Ford did not follow the impossible objectivity passively, yet instead "knew how to invent the truth."

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.217-234
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• 2008

Norman Mailer is one of the American writers who dramatize sensual pleasure in order to show how American idealism ends up being trapped and corrupted. The most remarkable cases are the tragic heroes of Scott Fitzgerald and the tough characters of Ernest Hemingway; while the former describes the victim of sensual pleasure, the latter brings the sensuality out from the darkness into 'the clean and well-lighted place.' In one of his most successful experimental fiction writings called 'New Journalism,' Mailer portrays the battle between the liberal left and the conservative right in the demonstration of 1967. Mailer achieves two things in this new technique. First, he demystifies the traditional epistemology grounded in the neutral and transparent narration and suggests that every narration can not escape mediation by a narrator. Secondly, he demonstrates that there is no clear distinction between good and bad. Rather, Good is nothing but a disguised form of Evil, and God is feasible only through the courageous action borrowed from Evil. In this technological world, devil is more powerful and attractive than God. This paper assumes the materiality of courage and focuses on the phenomenology of war carried out not from soul but from body, not from the consciousness but from the materiality.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the relationship marketing between football club organizations, players, and the fans club community. Research design, data, and methodology: An ethnographic approach was used to observe for eight months in the community, interviews, and documents analysis in Bonek Mania community fans club and Persebaya, a football club management in Surabaya, Indonesia. Results: The results show that the management of the football club has maintained the football high-end brand image in the national league. Stakeholders have endeavored to build the values and shared meaning with the public and cohesively with Bonek Mania. The struggles and achievements are intended to maintain the local collective memory of Surabaya's patriotism as the "city of heroes." Sustainable relationships were built by professional football club managers, players, and the fans club to foster the spirit, economic resources, and sustainable development. Conclusions: This research implies that it can provide direction for the management of football clubs by paying attention to relationship marketing, developing unique local values to build the customers' loyalty. Further implications were discussed.