• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.628-644
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• 2021

Objectives: This study analyzed, through network analysis and data mining analysis, the relationship between herbs used in osteoporosis prescriptions, diversified the analysis of osteoporosis-related prescriptions, and analyzed the combination of herbs used in osteoporosis-related prescriptions. Methods: The prescriptions used in osteoporosis treatment and experiments were established by conducting a full survey of the papers published by the OASIS site. A database for osteoporosis-related prescriptions was established, herbs were extracted, and the frequency of frequent herbs and prescriptions were investigated using Excel (MS offices ver. 2013). Using the freeware R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10), igraph, and arules package, network analysis was performed in the first second of prescription composition. Results: Among the osteoporosis-related prescriptions, the most studied prescriptions are as follows.: Yukmijihwang-tang (六味地黃湯) and Samul-tang (四物湯). In the osteoporosis prescription network, herbs with connection centrality, proximity centrality, mediation centrality, and eigenvector centrality appeared in the order of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Poria Sclerotium, Paeoniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. After extracting the herbal combination network, including the corresponding herbs, and clustering it, it can be divided into drugs of the Yukmijihwang-tang (六味地黃湯) series and the Samul-tang (四物湯). Conclusions: This study could assist researchers in diversifyingy formula analysis in future studies. Moreover, the herbal combination used in osteoporosis prescriptions could be used to search for osteoporosis prescriptions in other databases or to create a new prescription.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

Objectives : To analyze the effects of Samul-Tang and combinations of constituent herbs on arterial contraction. Method : In order to investigate the effects, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, in which one of them, three of them, and all of them, were used to exam. Results : Samul-Tang significantly inhibited the contraction of artery induced by PE(phenylephrine), accordingly as the concentration of Samul-Tang increased and inhibited in both with intact and removed endothelium. Among the constituent herbs of Samul-Tang, Paeoniae Radix and Paeoniae Radix-Cnidii Rhizoma combination inhibited the PE-induced contraction of artery the most. Conclusions : Samul-Tang and constituent herbs of Samul-Tang inhibit the contraction of artery.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.887-903
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• 2008

Objectives : We present some opinions to reduce the risk of herb-drug interactions through scanning "About Herbs" of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Website. Methods : We searched the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Website of About Herbs and investigated herb-drug interactions. Results : There are 237 herbs and 196 drugs on About Herbs. 81.1% of herbs have fewer than 2 interactions listed.: 86.3% of drugs fewer than 3 interactions. Especially, 13 herbs were reported to have interactions with inclusive chemoagents on About Herbs. Only L-theanine has positive interaction with inclusive chemoagents. The others have negative interactions with inclusive chemoagents. 12 single chemoagents were reported to have interactions with some herbs. Especially tamoxifen-black cohosh, methotrexate-glutamin and aldesleukin-Huang Chi have positive interactions to increase the effects of the chemoagent. Conclusions : We should urgently create a risk management system of herb-drug interactions and take note of the risk of herb-drug interactions. We should build up systemic, evidence-based informations on popular herbs used by Korean cancer patients and herb-drug interactions in oncology like About Herbs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-95
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was to analyze the definitions of herbs, herbal drugs, crude drugs and natural products in the relevant laws and regulations, understand the related problems, and propose directions for improvement. Methods : I analyzed the legal definitions in respect of herbs, herbal drugs, crude drugs and natural products in relevant laws and regulations since 1945, explained the problems, and suggested the solution-considering the academic stance of Traditional Korean Medicine and the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system. Results : Herbs are defined as "refined things that are cut and dried in their most original state". The definition of crude drugs includes herbs and the "cell contents, secretion, extracts, minerals and other parts of animals and plants that are used medicinally". The concept of natural products is expanded to adding tissue cultures to the definition of crude drugs. Conclusions : The definition of herbs should at least include all products that are "processed, extracted and prepared" as well as contents that consist of various forms of hospital-prepared herbs. The term "herbal drug" corresponds to a traditional term of "drug", and this should be established as a concept to explain "drugs in raw materials that are used to prepare herbs and/or manufacture herbal medicine". The legal definition of herbs should include the concept of crude drugs. Herbal drug preparations and crude drugs should be included in the definition of herbal drugs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-112
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• 2005

Object : This study was designed to assess effect of Chungpesagan-Tang and herbs on Mouse neuroblastoma 2a cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Method : Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were measured by MTT assay and LDH assay after 48h hypoxia and 6h reoxygenation. Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were treated by Chungpesagan-Tang and herbs. Result : In MTT assay of hypoxia all of herbs were almost ineffective and Hubak was a little effective. 2. In MTT assay of reoxygenation most of herbs were not effective. But Hubak was some effective. 3. In LDH assay of hypoxia all of herbs were effective. Especially Chungpesagan-Tang were equally effective on all of concentration. 4. In LDH assay of reoxygenation all of herbs were generally effective. Especially Chungpesagan-Tang and Baekji were highly effective and Kilkyung was also effective on low concentration. 5, The herbs were generally effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. Conclusion : The results suggest that Chungpesagan-Tang and all of herbs may have protective effect on condition of oxidative stress and can be applied on the development of a new medicine for neurodegenerative disease like dementia.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper seeks to discover and compile the information of the types of Korean medical herbs that are recorded in China's medial herbs literatures. Following this, the special characteristics of each herb and the differences in the description of each Korean herb found in different literatures and ages. Methods : First, the literatures were searched for the names of countries, regions, and people used in Korean peninsula, and a database was compiled based on the findings. Texts with no relation to the subject matter were discarded, and the rests were listed in the order of publication. The special characteristics of the medical herbs found in these literatures were then studied. Results & Conclusions : Total of 69 medical herbs were found in 34 literatures. These medical herbs could be categorized into three: those with superior quality, those that are different from the medical herbs used in China, and those that are not available in China. The medical herbs with superior quality are: Gonpo(昆布), Insam(人參), Omija(五味子), Tosaja(?絲子), Haesongja(海松子), Sesin(細辛), Baekbuja(白附子) and more. We can deduce that these medical herbs were regarded as superior in quality compared to their counterparts in China because they grow in the northeast region where pine tree thrive and a home to many areas with seas and mountains, and also with four distinctive seasons.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-59
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• 2006

Objective : This study was designed to asses the effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang and herbs on Mouse neuroblastoma 2a cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Method : Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were measured by MTT assay and LDH assay after 48h hypoxia and 6h reoxygenation. Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were treated by Hwangryunhaedoktang and herbs. Result : 1. Hwangryunhaedoktang was effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. 2. All of herbs were generally effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. In LDH assay of hypoxia, the effects of herbs depended on concentration. In MTT assay of hypoxia, Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus were effective. In MTT assay of reoxygenation most of herbs were not effective. But Phellodendri Cortex was effective in high concentration. Conclusion : The results imply that Hwangryunhaedoktang and all herbs of it nay have protective effect on dementia and aging.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2005

Object : This study was designed to asses the effect of Sunghyangjungkisan-ga-pogongng and herbs on Mouse neuroblastoma 2a cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Method : Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were measured by MTT assay and LDH assay after 48h hypoxia and 6h reoxygenation, Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were treated by SHJG+P and herbs. Result : 1. SHJG+P was effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. 2. The herbs were generally effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. In MTT assay of hypoxia JP and GC were effecctive. In LDH assay of hypoxia all of herbs were effective. DMH, BC, SY, NS were more effective than other herbs. In LDH assay of reoxygenation KH, BH, BBR, DMH were especially effective. In MTT assay of reoxygenation most of herbs were not effective. But GC, SY, BH, JP were effective. Conclusion : The results imply that SHJG+P and all of berbs may have protective effect on dementia and GC, SY, BH, JP may have protective effect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

Objectives : Quality control for imported medicinal herbs is duty for regulation, however to the best of our knowledge there has been no report regarding quality control of imported ones. Therefore, this study investigated the data of imported ones for monitoring quality issue. Methods : These data are categorized according to item, the amount of import, country, inspection item, suitability, and incongruity reason based on the 248 results performed by KIOM. Results : China is the number one country for import with the value of 73%. Inspected medicinal herbs were 139 species, among them Poria is ranked as top for requested number and the amount of import. The amount of import is similar between high ranking 20 species and low ranking 119 ones, showing high ranking ones are major. The incongruity ratio was 7.7% from the total number of inspected items, the reason for incongruity was excess of tolerable amount of Cd residue. Conclusions : From the data, it is effective way to focus on high ranking herbs for evaluating imported herbs for quality control. The study of mechanism on Cd accumulation and its decrease is essential for environmental matter. And identification and storage for mixed used and easily decomposable herbs are remained for further study. Our study might be small step for showing guideline for proper quality control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2006

Historically, the common folk have made use of various wild herbs for both food and medicinal purposes. However, the misuse of these wild herbs can lead to adverse consequences, including severe poisoning in some cases. In cases of poisoning from wild herbs, patients can exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the herbs involved, which in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms may include hemodynamic alteration and abnormal neurologic signs. In the present case, two patients were admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of toxicity after consuming Rhododendron brachycarpum liquor. Rhododendron brachycarpum and other wild herbs contain the toxic material grayanotoxin. Because of its serious toxic symptoms, great caution must be exercised in using rhododendrons for food and medicinal purposes.