• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2000

Transgenic cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata) plants resistant to the commercial herbicide Bast $a^{R}$ were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens - mediated transformation. Hypocotyl segments of in vitro grown plants were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring plasmid pMOG6-Bar which contains hpt and bar genes. Explants were cultured on callus induction medium (MS basal medium + 1 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 2 mg/L AgN $O_3$+ 100 mg/L carbenicillin + 250 mg/L cefotaxime) supplemented with 15 mg/L hygromycin. Hygromycin resistant calluses were transferred to shoot regeneration medium (MS basal medium + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 3% sucrose + 2 mg/L AgN $O_3$+ 15 mg/L hygromycin + 250 mg/L cefotaxime + 100 mg/L carbenicillin). In order to induce roots, elongated shoots were placed on the MS medium without plant growth regulators and hygromycin. Southern blot analysis of several putative transgenic plants indicated that one to five intact copies of Apt and bar genes were incorporated into the genome. Expression of bar gene was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by herbicide resistant phenotype. Seed progeny from self-pollinated transformants expressed the herbicide resistance and showed Mendelian segregation of the introduced gene.e.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2013

This study examined the growth performance and field evaluation of the dual herbicide-resistant transgenic creeping bentgrass plants. The effect of glyphosate treatment on the herbicide resistance of the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants was determined, and the non-transgenic control plant withered at the concentration $11{\mu}g/mL$ or higher whereas the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants survived the treatment at the concentration of $3,000{\mu}g/mL$, and the increase of the plant length was repressed as the glyphosate treatment concentration was increased. At field evaluation, glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate were simultaneously treated to investigate the weed control effect. The results showed that more than 90% of the weeds withered four week after herbicide treatment, while the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants continued to grow normally. Therefore, the dual herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass plants may be able to greatly contribute to the efficiency of weed control and to the economic feasibility of mowing in places such as golf courses.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of genetically modified(GM) crops rapidly has increased in the global agricultural area. Among those, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares in 2010. However, cultivation of GM crops in the field evoked the concern of the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic plant into soil microorganisms. In our present study, we have assessed the effects of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage on the surrounding soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of a herbicide-resistant genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage on the soil microbial community in its field of growth were assessed using a conventional culture technique and also culture-independent molecular methods. Three replicate field plots were planted with a single GM and four non-GM Chinese cabbages (these included a non-GM counterpart). The soils around these plants were compared using colony counting, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a species diversity index assessment during the growing periods. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the GM Chinese cabbage soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM Chinese cabbage soils. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The similarities of the bacterial species diversity indices were consistent with this finding. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage within the experimental time frame.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2018

본 연구는 충청남도에서 ALS 제초제 저항성 논 잡초의 발생과 분포를 조사하기 위해 2017년도에 수행되었다. 충청남도 전체 논 재배면적의 47.0%인 64,782 ha에서 제초제 저항성 논 잡초가 발생하였다. 상위 5개 시 군별 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생면적은 서산시 11.9%, 논산시 11.1%, 당진시 10.9%, 보령시 9.2%, 아산시 7.8% 순이었다. 제초제 저항성 잡초종별 발생을 보면 물달개비가 가장 많았고, 다음으로 미국외풀, 올챙이고랭이, 강피, 알방동사니, 벗풀 순이었다. 제초제 저항성 물달개비, 미국외풀, 올챙이고랭이는 충청남도 전역에 분포하였으며, 벗풀은 당진시에서만 발생하였다. 2011년도 제초제 저항성 잡초 조사와 비교하여 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생면적은 감소하였으나, 제초제 저항성 잡초 발생률은 2011년도의 47.6%와 유사하였다. 제초제 저항성 잡초를 방제하기 위해서는 흔히 다른 작용기작을 지닌 제초제들과 병용하거나 교호로 처리하여야 하며 제초제 저항성 잡초의 주기적인 모니터링과 종합적인 제초제 저항성 관리체계가 필요하다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2018

경남지역 제초제 저항성 피의 발생현황과 저항성 정도를 알아보기 위하여 벼 재배 논에서 100개체의 피 종자를 수집하여 ACCase 저해제인 cyhalofop-butyl에 대한 약량반응 실험을 수행한 결과, 수집한 피의 7%가 저항성으로 조사되었다. 선발된 감수성 5개체의 $GR_{50}$값은 평균 $147g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$로 나타났고, 함양 지역의 저항성 개체의 $GR_{50}$값은 $738g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ 로 R/S (ratio of resistance to sensitivity)값은 5.01배로 나타났다. 현재 경남지역에서의 저항성 피의 발생 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났지만, 저항성 피의 확산을 지연시키거나 막기 위해서는 주기적인 저항성 피의 모니터링과 체계적인 저항성 잡초 관리방안을 마련하여 수행할 필요가 있다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.347-347
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• 2005

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The technique of plant transformation has started to show off its great power in the area of plant breeding by commercially successful introduction of transgenic varieties such as herbicide tolerant soybean and insect resistant corn in USA with an unimaginable speed. However, in contrast with the great success in the commercialization of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, the transformation works on disease resistance has not yet reached the stage of full commercialization. This review surveys the current status of molecular breeding for plant disease resistance and their limits and problems. Some novel ideas and approaches in molecular breeding for disease resistance are introduced.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2002

A Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia accession from Jeonnam province, Korea was tested for resistance to sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in whole-plant response bioassay. The accession was confirmed resistant to both herbicides. The $GR_{50}$ (herbicide concentration that reduced shoot dry weight by 50%) values of resistant accession were 264 and 19 times higher to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuronethyl, respectively, than that of the standard susceptible accession. The surviving resistant L. dubia after pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application can be controlled by sequential applications of soil-applied herbicides, butachlor, dithiopyr, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb and foliar herbicides, bentazon. Sulfonylurea-based mixtures such as mixtures of azimsulfuron + anilofos, bensulfuron-methyl + oxadiazon, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + fentrazamide, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + anilofos + carfentrazon can also be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia. However, use of these mixtures should be restricted to a special need basis. Thus, we suggest that sequential applications of non-SU-based mixtures such as butachlor + pyrazolate and MCPB + molinate + simetryne be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia after SU herbicide applications. Rice yield was reduced 24 % by resistant L. dubia that survived after the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application compared with pyrazolate + butachlor in transplanted rice culture. In vitro ALS activity of the resistant biotype was 40 and 30 times more resistant to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype. Result of in vitro ALS assay that the resistance mechanism of L. dubia to SU herbicides may be due, in part, to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 1987

잡초발생전(雜草發生前) 처리(處理)하며 단백질대사(蛋白質代謝)률 억제(抑制)하는 작용기작(作用機作)을 가진 butachlor와 잡초발생후(雜草發生後)에 처리(處理)하여 광합성(光合成)을 억제(抑制)하는 simetryne에 내성(耐性)을 지닌 식물체(植物體)를 육성(育成)키 위하여 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 수행(遂行)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 카루스의 생사여부(生死與否)는 TTC의 반응(反應)으로 간단히 검정가능(檢定可能)하며 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 전공시품종(全共試品種)이 생존(生存)하였다. 2. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition index (S.D.I.)로 본 butachlor에 대한 벼 품종간(品種間) 차(差)는 카루스 증식반응(增殖反應)과 유식물체반응(幼植物體反應)과는 다소(多小) 일치(一致)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 3. Simetryne을 유묘기(幼苗期)의 벼에 처리(處理)하면 품종간(品種間)에 뚜렷한 반응(反應)이 있었고 Japonica 형(型)이 내성(耐性)을 나타내었다. 그러나 카루스증식면(增殖面)에서 본 simetryne의 영향(影響)은 유묘기(幼苗期)와 일치(一致)하지 않으며 억제정도(抑制程度)가 butachlor 보다 낮았다. 4. Butachlor에 내성(耐性)을 보이는 상풍벼는 simetryne에도 내성(耐性)을 다소(多少)나타냈다. 5. Simetryne과 butachlor 처리구(處理區)에서 살아남은 카루스로부터 분화식물체(分化植物體)를 유도(誘導)하였다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2009

One of the limitations to conducting maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using explants of immature zygotic embryos routinely is the availability of the explants. To produce immature embryos routinely and continuously requires a well-equipped greenhouse and laborious artificial pollination. To overcome this limitation, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using explants of type II embryogenic calli was developed. Once the type II embryogenic calli are produced, they can be subcultured and/or proliferated conveniently. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize using explants of type II embryonic calli and to evaluate the efficiency of the protocol in order to develop herbicide-resistant maize. The type II embryogenic calli were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 carrying binary vector pTF102, and then were subsequently cultured on the following media: co-cultivation medium for 1 day, delay medium for 7 days, selection medium for $4{\times}14$ days, regeneration medium, and finally on germination medium. The T-DNA of the vector carried two cassettes (Ubi promoter-EPSPs ORF-nos and 35S promoter-bar ORF-nos). The EPSPs conferred resistance to glyphosate and bar conferred resistance to phosphinothricin. The confirmation of stable transformation and the efficiency of transformation was based on the resistance to phosphinothricin indicated by the growth of putative transgenic calli on selection medium amended with $4mg\;1^{-1}$ phosphinothricin, northern blot analysis of bar gene, and leaf painting assay for detection of bar gene-based herbicide resistance. Northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay confirmed the expression of bar transgenes in the $R_1$ generation. The average transformation efficiency was 0.60%. Based on northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay, line 31 was selected as an elite line of maize resistant to herbicide.