• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate satisfaction of toothpaste adding natural materials extracted from Zanthoxylum schinifolium and various herbs (Pine, Lemongrass, Spearmint). Methods: We performed the first survey to collect basic data for the development of natural herbal toothpaste. Participants were the general public in Jeonju and Iksan of Jeollabuk-do, and a total of 273 questionnaires were analyzed for the study. By adding anthoxylum schinifolium and herbal extracts (Pine, Lemongrass, Spearmint) to the toothpaste, four kinds of natural herbal toothpaste prototypes were manufactured. The second survey was conducted to assess the satisfaction one week after using the natural herbal toothpaste prototypes. Results: Satisfaction with current toothpaste was 3.52. The most important criterion of toothpaste was the prevention of tooth caries. 55.3% participants obtained toothpaste information through advertising. The survey indicated the most worrisome ingredient of toothpaste was surfactant, showing 55.3%. The overall satisfaction of natural herbal toothpaste was 3.99; among the four natural herbal toothpaste, toothpaste 2 (Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lemongrass) showed the highest satisfaction as 3.99; and toothpaste 3 (Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Spearmint) showed the lowest satisfaction as 3.56. Conclusion: Four kinds of natural herbal toothpaste showed higher satisfaction as 3.99. In particular, the toothpaste adding Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lemongrass extracts.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1244-1255
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the stimulatory effects of herbal medicines extracts on cytokines release of immune response in immune cells, RAW 264.7 and TK-1 cell. Methods: In a total of 18 extracts, 9 water extracts and 9 ethanol extracts, of herbal medicines, the quantities of polyphenolic compounds were measured and anti-oxidation activities were determined by colorimetric assay. The herbal medicine extracts were treated on RAW 264.7 and TK-1, respectively, and then the releasing changes of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 from both immune cells were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The polyphenol contents were measured to be 1.56~0.64 mg/g of solids in the two types of extracts with 9 kinds of herbal medicines, while antioxidant activities were found to be 95.62~31.46% as compared with ascorbic acid control. In RAW 264.7 cells treated with herbal medicines extracts, the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased to 1.31~1.18 fold, and the amounts of IL-6 were 68.4~97.9% compared with the control group treated with LPS alone. In particular, the secretion amount of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was suppressed by treatment using herbal medicine extracts. In the case of TK-1 cells, $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion was suppressed according to the concentrations of herbal extract. The released amounts of IL-10 were shown at 10~40 pg/ml, and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Herbal medicines extracts act on macrophages inducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokine, thereby enhancing the activity of innate immunity. When acting on T cells involved in adaptive immunity, the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine is increased to induce the inhibition of the innate immune response.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

Menthae herba (MH) extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anti-inflammatory effects of MH extracts vary according to the cultivation regions. We performed a comparative analysis of MH extracts by evaluating the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. MH extracts obtained from different cultivation regions in Korea and China significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No differences in these inhibitory activities were observed between MH extracts. In HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), MH extracts did not inhibit the production of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), but most extracts reduced the production of the regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted (RANTES/CCL5). We used clustering tree analysis of the MH extracts according to the chromatographic pattern and anti-inflammatory potency of MH extracts. We observed differences in the chromatographic pattern of MH extracts but no difference in anti-inflammatory potency. Our findings suggest that MH extracts from different regions do not show any differences in their pharmacological potency in that MH extracts are used as therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory disorders.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 1997

Tyrosinase catalyzes the rate-limiting steps in melanin biosynthesis which is involved in skin-coloring and local hyperpigmentation of human beings, and unfavorable darkening of food products, Inhibitory effects on 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa) oxidase activity of tyrosinase by 594 kinds of herbal extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea were estimated. Two herbal extracts prepared from radicis cortex of Morus alba and rhizoma of Curcuma longa were selected as those exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. These herbal extracts were subjected to sequential fractionations with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and polar residue. The inhibitory effects on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase were shown in ethyl acetate fraction of Morus alba, and in methylene chloride fraction of Curcuma langa. The ethyl acetate fraction of Marus alba exhibited 50% of inhibition on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase at the concentration of 12 ${\mu}g/ml$, and methylene chloride fraction of Curcuma langa at 51 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.154-164
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of herbal cosmetics containing Phellinus linteus extracts on patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 35 patients who visited Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from November 4th, 2008 to December 28th, 2008 were included in this study. In this study, we observed transepidermal water loss, skin moisture content, modified scorad index of atopic dermatitis and pruritic degree. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test and wilcoxon signed ranks test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(p<0.05). Results : Statistically, herbal cosmetics containing Phellinus linteus extracts showed siginificant effect on transepidermal water loss, skin moisture content, modified scorad index of atopic dermatitis and pruritic degree(p<0.05). And satisfaction after using herbal cosmetics was near good. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that herbal cosmetics containing Phellinus linteus extracts have the remarkable effects on atopic dermatitis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

A rat chemokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) has chemotactic and activating properties to neutrophils. Rat kidney epithelioid NRK-52E cells contained 4 ng/ml of ClNC-1 as a basal level and their CINC-1 production was significantly increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli. Maximal induction of ClNC-1 was 58 ng/ml when 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS was treated to the NRK-52E cells. Inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells by extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea were analyzed. At the final concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ , 9 species out of 304 species of herbal extracts exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the CINC-1 induction. The active extracts prepared from Artemisia argyi, Lythrum salicaria, Machilus thunbergii, Magnolia sieboldii, Nelumbo nucifera, Prunus persica, Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Tripterygium regelii have been sequentially fractionated to obtain methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous layers. Among solvent fractions of the active herbal extracts, methylene chloride fractions of Artemisia argyi and Magnolia sieboldii exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.386-396
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• 1995

Interieukin 1${\beta}$ is a potent bone resorptive cytokine which mediates soft tissue destruction through the stimulatidn of prostaglandin production and the induction of collagenase. This constellation of activities suggests a role of IL-1${\beta}$ in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts on production and activity of IL-1${\beta}$. When LPS was added to cultured human blood monocytes, the effects of herbal extracts on the production of IL-1${\beta}$ was evaluate by thymocyte stimulation assay. When rHuIL-1${\beta}$ was added to cultured human gingival fibroblasts, the effects of herbal extracts on production of $PGE_2$ was evaluated by ELISA and when it was added to cultured mouse calvaria, the effects on bone resorption was estimated by .$^{45}Ca$-release bone resorption assay. The herbal extracts that had been used in this study were as follows; Asparagi Radix, Schzandrae Fractus, Zizyphi Fractus and Rhois Galla. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. All these extracts effectively inhibited the production of IL-1${\beta}$ on cultured human blood monocytes. 2. All these extracts effectively inibited the production of $PGE_2$ on cultured human gingival fibroblasts. 3. All these extracts did not effectively inhibit the bone resorption induced by rHulL-1${\beta}$ on cultured mouse calvaria.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1419-1426
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of herbal extracts on the skin inflammatory reactions which use the makeup preparations. In experiment 1, among the herbal ingredients of herbal extracts, ethanol extracts and 1,3-BG(Butylene Glycol) extracts of Galla Rhois showed potent radical scavenging activity, more than 91% at all concentrations, tested by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hyrazyl) method. In experiment 2, ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemi Flos, Gardenias Flos, Galla Rhois showed potent inhibitory activity of the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide(NO) production, more than 87% at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, by the macrophage RAW 246.7 cells. And 1,3-BG extracts of Taraxaci Herbs, Corm Fructus, Galla Rhois showed potent inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production, more than 89% at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In experiment 3, ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemi Flos, Gardeniae Flos, Galla Rhois showed potent inhibitory effects of cyclooxygenase-II activity, more than 78% at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, by using ELISA kit. And 1,3-BG extracts of Galla Rhois, Carthami Flos, Chrysanthemi Flos, Taraxaci Herba, Corm Fructus showed potent inhibitory effects of cyclooxygenase-II(COX-II) activity, more than 80% at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Therefore, 1 expect that herbal extracts, especially Galla Rhois may be used as a drug for treatment on skin inflammation and a material of the makeup preparations.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

In our continuing search for new antineoplastic agents from natural products, one hundred and thirty-five herbal drugs were extracted with petroleum ether/ether (1:1), ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol, successively and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Among them, fifteen kinds of ether extracts, eighteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and seven kinds of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities (above 70% inhibition) against A549 cell lines at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}g/ml,$ while ten kinds of ether extracts, thirteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and six kinds of methanol extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxic activities against SK-OV-3 cell lines at the above same concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2023

Many skin diseases are caused by microbial infections. Representative pathogenic fungus and bacterium that cause skin diseases are Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Malassezia pachydermatis is a fungus that causes animal skin diseases. In this study, we propose a method for removing pathogenic microorganisms from the skin using relatively safe edible herbal extracts. Herbal extracts were screened for skin health through the removal of pathogenic microorganisms, and combinations for effective utilization of the screened extracts were identified. In this study, among methanol extracts of 240 edible plants, C. albicans, S. aureus, and M. pachydermatis were killed by extracts of 10 plants: Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Impatientis Semen, Magnoliae Cortex, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, and Syzygii Flos. By evaluating the synergistic antifungal activities against C. albicans using all 45 possible combinations of these 10 extracts, five new synergistic antifungal combinations, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Magnoliae Cortex with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, and Phellodendri Cortex with Syzygii Flos extracts, were identified. By utilizing the selected extracts and five combinations with synergistic antifungal effects, this work provides materials and methods to develop new and safe methods for treating candidiasis using natural products.