• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2006

In the present study toxicity and immunostimulating activity of the lectin(KML-C), which was extracted from Korean mistletoe(Viscum album coloratum) were investigated in swine. To determine the toxicity, lectin was injected into thigh or cervical muscles of 4-week-old piglets(Landrace) and observed clinically and pathologically. For determination of the immnunostimulating activity, lectin($0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted vaccine of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV)(NYJ1-87) which was inactivated by 0.2% formalin was injected into the cervical muscle of antibody-negative piglets in the same age group. Subpopulation of the immune cells and serum neutralizing(SN) antibodies in the piglets were examined after vaccination, and resistance of the piglets against challenge by virulent NYJ1-87 was further examined. The results were also compared with those from piglets injected with aluminum hydroxide [$Al(OH)_3$]-adjuvanted vaccine of inactivated NYJ1-87 and NYJ1-87 vaccine without adjuvant, and the results are as follows. By injection of lectin with $30{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle, all of 12 piglets died after signs such as dyspnea, fever, systemic erythema and subcutaneous hemorrhages, and lesions pertaining to poisonous hepatitis and dysfunction of kidney were observed. By injection of lectin with $7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle, all of 12 piglets showed signs such as edema and cutaneous hemorrhage in the injected area, lameness and depression, and lesions pertaining to poisonous hepatitis and dysfunction of kidney were observed. By injection of lectin with 1, 3 and $5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the thigh muscle of each one piglet, signs such as congestion, induration and grayish coloration in the injected area, depression and inappetence were observed in all piglets. Toxic changes were also observed in the liver and kidney of piglets by lectin of 3 and $5{\mu}g$. By injection of lectin with 0.5 and $0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to the cervical muscle of each 9 piglets, all piglets were clinically normal and there were no significant changes in blood counts and chemistry values. Whereas, epithelial swelling and vacuolation of convoluted tubules were observed from one piglet injected with lectin of $0.7{\mu}g$, and necrosis and fibrosis of muscular fiber were observed in the muscle of one piglet injected with lectin of $0.5{\mu}g$. Only population of sIgM+ B lymphocytes increased among immune cells in all of 15 piglets immunized with lectin($0.7{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight)-adjuvanted vaccine, while compared to those in $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine and vaccine without adjuvant. No additional stimulation to the immune cells was recognized when lectin was added to $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. In piglets immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccine, SN titers in reciprocal values for loge were 1.3-4.0 at 1-4 weeks after vaccination, which was similar to those with 1.0-3.3 by vaccine without adjuvant but lower than those with 2.0-5.7 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. Also, no additional increase in the SN titers was recognized when lectin was added to $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine. Piglets immunized with lectin-adjuvanted vaccine were resistant to challenge by the virulent NYJ1-87 at 4 weeks after vaccination, and the SN titers reached to 5.0 one week after challenge, which was higher than those with 4.0 by vaccine without adjuvant but somewhat lower than those with 7.7 by $Al(OH)_3$-adjuvanted vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.480-483
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• 2003

목 적 : 홍역 환아에서 CRP 값에 따라 합병증을 포함한 임상 및 검사실 소견에서 차이가 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 홍역으로 입원한 환자 253명을 대상으로 CRP 음성군 134명(0.5 mg/dL 이하, 53.0%)과 6-19 mg/L 군 85명(33.6%), 20-49 mg/L 군 27명(10.7%), 50 mg/L 이상 군 7명(2.8%), 4군으로 나누었다. 각 군에 대하여 총 발열일, 입원일, 합병증 발생 빈도, 백혈구 수와 분획, 비정상 간효소치 비율을 비교하고 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 합병증의 발생은 8일 이상 입원한 경우로 하였다. 결 과 : 전체 홍역 환아의 평균 CRP 값은 $11.1{\pm}7.5mg/L$이었다. CRP 음성군과 5-19 mg/L 군, 20-49 mg/L 군과의 비교에서 총 발열일, 입원일, 2배 이상의 간효소 치 상승 및 합병증의 빈도에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 한편 CRP 음성군과 50 mg/L 이상 군의 비교에서는 총 발열일($4.7{\pm}1.7$일 vs $7.2{\pm}3.9$일), 입원일(5.4일${\pm}$1.4일 vs 9.4${\pm}$4.7일), 백혈구 수($5,900{\pm}2,700/mm^3$ vs $12,700{\pm}6,700/mm^3$)와 합병증의 빈도(5.2% vs 42.9%)에서 50 mg/L 이상 군에서 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. 또한 CRP가 증가함에 따라 총 발열일, 백혈구 수 및 합병증의 빈도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 간 효소치의 상승과는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 대부분의 홍역 환아에서 CRP는 음성 또는 경도의 양성반응이 관찰되었다. CRP가 50 mg/L 이상일 경우 합병증에 의한 총 발열일과 입원일이 증가하였으며 백혈구 수가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 간 효소 치의 상승과는 관련이 없었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

67세 남자환자가 하지의 악성섬유조직구종으로 진단받고 광범위 절제술 후 방사선치료를 받는 동안 연쇄구균독소충격증후군이 발생하여 그 예를 소개하고자 한다. 환자는 수술 후 증감하는 부종이 있어 약 1개월간 비스테로이드소염제를 복용하였다. 환자는 C형 간염보균자였으며, 당뇨, 고혈압의 과거력이 있었다. 환자는 수술 후 방사선치료를 계획하여, 주 5회 조사하여 32.4 Gy를 치료받았다. 이틀간의 주말 치료중단이후 갑자기 방사선치료 받은 우측 대퇴부에 홍반성 염증이 발생하였고, 열, 오한, 소변감소증이 동반되었다. 환자는 즉시 감염내과에 의뢰되었고, 독소충격증후군이 의심되어 즉시 입원하였다. 입원당시 환자는 저혈압, 소변감소증, 변비, 비정상적인 신기능 및 간기능 소견을 보였다. 환자의 혈액 배양 결과 스트렙토콕쿠스 피오게네스균(Streptococcus pyogenes)이 검출되었다. 환자는 연쇄구균독소충격증후군으로 진단받고 적절한 항생제치료와 수액공급을 받았다. 연쇄구균독소충격증후군은 생명을 위협하는 종양학적 응급상황으로 즉각적인 처치가 필요하다. 본 예의 환자는 C형 간염보균, 수술 후 증감되는 부종, 지속적인 비스테로이드소염제 복용과 방사선치료가 연쇄구균독소충격증후군을 일으킨 인자들로 생각되어진다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2012

간경화(liver cirrhosis)는 섬유조직의 증식과 재생성 결절 형성의 형태학적인 변화로 2차적으로 간내혈관의 변형 및 간기능의 저하가 나타나는 질병이며, 정맥류, 복수와 부종, 간성뇌증, 간암 등의 합병증 동반을 미연에 방지하는 것이 간경변증 진단 및 치료에 핵심이다. 일반적으로 간 컴퓨터단층영상이 간경변의 진단 및 병기를 결정하는 방법으로 사용한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 간경화의 자동 인식을 위하여 PCA와 TIA 알고리즘을 이용한 특징추출을 통하여 간경변의 자동 검출능력을 알아보고, 각 알고리즘간의 성능을 비교하였다. 실험은 학습영상과 테스트영상으로 구분한다. 고유영상을 생성시키기 위한 학습영상으로 정상영상이 사용되고, 테스트영상으로는 간경화영상이 사용된다. 간 CT 영상에서 간의 질병 부위를 균등하게 ROI 설정하고, $50{\times}50$ 픽셀 크기로 영상을 저장하여 실험하였다. 실험결과로 PCA는 간경화 검출율이 35%로 질병 인식으로 부적합하며, TIA 알고리즘의 AGL, TM, MU, EN는 100% 질병 인식력을 나타내어 간경화 자동 진단 인식으로 가능했다. 또한 결과를 임상에 적용하여 간경변의 컴퓨터보조진단으로 활용한다면 영상의학과 의사에게 업무 부담을 줄이고, 일차적 간경변의 스크리닝 도구로서 활용이 가능할 것이다. 그리고 TIA 알고리즘을 활용한 자동진단은 질병 진단의 전단계로서 예비판독의 정보를 제공하며 간경변의 조기 진단 및 예방이 가능다고 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7045-7056
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• 2013

Since the first report of RNA interference (RNAi) less than a decade ago, this type of molecular intervention has been introduced to repress gene expression in vitro and also for in vivo studies in mammals. Understanding the mechanisms of action of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) underlies use as therapeutic agents in the areas of cancer and viral infection. Recent studies have also promoted different theories about cell-specific targeting of siRNAs. Design and delivery strategies for successful treatment of human diseases are becomingmore established and relationships between miRNA and RNAi pathways have been revealed as virus-host cell interactions. Although both are well conserved in plants, invertebrates and mammals, there is also variabilityand a more complete understanding of differences will be needed for optimal application. RNA interference (RNAi) is rapid, cheap and selective in complex biological systems and has created new insight sin fields of cancer research, genetic disorders, virology and drug design. Our knowledge about the role of miRNAs and siRNAs pathways in virus-host cell interactions in virus infected cells is incomplete. There are different viral diseases but few antiviral drugs are available. For example, acyclovir for herpes viruses, alpha-interferon for hepatitis C and B viruses and anti-retroviral for HIV are accessible. Also cancer is obviously an important target for siRNA-based therapies, but the main problem in cancer therapy is targeting metastatic cells which spread from the original tumor. There are also other possible reservations and problems that might delay or even hinder siRNA-based therapies for the treatment of certain conditions; however, this remains the most promising approach for a wide range of diseases. Clearly, more studies must be done to allow efficient delivery and better understanding of unwanted side effects of siRNA-based therapies. In this review miRNA and RNAi biology, experimental design, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects are discussed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

Human skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and inflammation through the secretion of various cytokines, which are immune regulators produced by cells. To prevent the initiation of skin inflammation, keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by radiation must be removed through the apoptotic mechanism. Ixeris dentata (family: Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb indigenous to Korea. It has been used in Korea, China, and Japan to treat in digestion, pneumonia, diabetes, hepatitis, and tumors. To gain insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of I. dentata, we examined its influence on UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), by observing cells that were stimulated with UVB in the presence or absence of I. dentata. In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis to measure the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). I. dentata inhibited UVBinduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, I. dentata inhibited the UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, I. dentata inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAPKs, suggesting that it inhibits the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and COX-2 expression, by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that I. dentate can potentially protect against UVB-induced skin inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2012

This study was designed to elucidate whether combination with Korean red ginseng and Morus alba L. (MPM), traditional treatment for diabetes, ameliorates on high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. Animals were divided into four groups; Control receiving tap water, fructose-fed, rosiglitazone-treated fructose-fed rats, and MPM-treated fructose-fed rats both receiving supplemented with 60% fructose (n=10). The MPM or rosiglitazone groups initially received a high-fructose diet alone for 8 weeks, with supplementation with MPM or rosiglitazone, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, occurring during the final 6 weeks. Treatment with MPM significantly prevented the increase in c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the high fructose group. MPM suppressed high fructose diet-induced vascular inflammation marker expression such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. MPM also reduced intima/media thickness of thoracic aorta. Histologic observation and oil red O staining demonstrated hepatic tissue damage and lipid accumulation were severe in high fructose group. Treatment with MPM ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. In addition, MPM attenuated hepatitis by inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. MPM-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels comparing with high fructose group. MPM and rosiglitazone (positive control) significantly decreased the size of epididymal adipocytes. Taken together, the administration of MPM inhibited high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. These results suggested that MPM is useful in the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome-related disorders such as fatty acid metabolism and vascular homeostasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Several infectious agents are considered to be causes of cancer in human, mainly hepatitis B and C viruses, high-risk human pailloma viruses, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini. Here we described the evident research and the association between Helicobacter spp. and biliary tract cancer particularly cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Global epidemiological studies have suggested that Helicobacter spp. are possible risk factors for biliary tract diseases. Molecular studies support a linkage of Helicobacter spp. with CCA development. H. pylori, H. bilis, and H. hepaticus, are found in CCA, but the most common species are H. pylori and H. bilis. The type of CCA are associated with Helicobacter spp. include extrahepatic CCA, and common bile duct cancer. Up to the present, however, the results from different regions, materials and methods, sub-sites of cancer, and controls have not been consistent, thus introducing heterogeneity. Therefore, a comparison between co-Helicobacter spp.-CCA in the countries with low and high incident of CCA is required to settle the question. Furthermore, clarifying variation in the role of Helicobacter species in this CCA, including pathogenesis of CCA through enhanced biliary cell inflammation and proliferation, is necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2093-2097
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• 2016

Background: HCV is a major global health problem. IL-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family with a broad range of anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies highlighted the effect of a SNP in the IL-27 promoter region on modulating the progression of infectious diseases and individual responses to therapy. Aim of the work: The present study investigated the potential role of (-964 A/G) SNP in the promoter region of IL-27p28 gene (alleles rs153109) on the outcome of HCV infection among genotype 4a infected patients. Materials and Methods: HCV genotyping confirmed that all of the HCV-infected patients had genotype 4a infection. Genomic DNA was extracted from 111 patients with chronic HCV infection, 42 spontaneous resolvers (SR) and 16 healthy controls. IL- 27p28.rs153109 genotyping was assessed using PCR-RFLP then confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results: The frequency of IL-27-p28.rs153109AA, AG, and GG genotypes among chronically infected subjects were 74.8 %, 25.2%, and 0% while among the SR, they were 57.1%, 35.7%, and 7.14%, respectively. Our data show the unique presence of G/G genotype in the SR group (3 patients; 7.14%). Moreover, the "G" allele frequencies among chronic and resolved subjects were 12.6% and 25.0%, respectively (p=0.0136). Importantly, subjects with the GG genotype were more likely to clear their HCV infection than those with the AA genotype (p=0.0118). Conclusions: HCV genotype 4a subjects with the IL-27-p28.rs153109 A/G and G/G genotype were more likely to clear their HCV infection. Therefore, we propose IL- 27p28.rs153109SNPas a genetic biomarker for predicting HCV infection outcome.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2017

돌더덕은 전통의학의 소재로서 기관지염, 기침, 경련, 부종, 간염, 대장염, 폐 손상의 치료로 사용되어 왔다. 돌더덕 추출물의 천식증상 완화를 연구하기 위하여, 먼저 항산화 활성을 비교한 결과, DPPH, FRAP, Cupper 소거활성 실험으로부터 농도 의존적으로 우수한 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 오브알부민 유도의 마우스 천식 동물모델에 적용한 결과, histamine, IL-31, MMP-9의 발현이 현저하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 IL-13, 면역세포수, 호산구의 발현이 73.7%, 73.5%, 80.9% 정도 억제되었다. 이의 결과로, 돌더덕 추출물은 오브알부민 유도의 마우스 천식 동물모델에서 탁월한 천식 효과를 나타내므로 항천식 식품소재나 바이오소재로의 개발이 기대된다.