• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of safflower seed supplementation diet on the hepatic injury of rats administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCI$_4$), histopathological changes were assessed following acute and chronic administration in rats. In acute cases, all rats in group fed with 10% safflower seed supplementation diet survived despite the administration of lethal doses of $CCl_4$. However, most rats in group fed with control diet died. The hepatic injuries of survived rats, in the histopathological findings, were mild compared to those of dead rats. In the chronic cases, livers of group 2 fed with control diet were more progressive in fatty changes and centrilobular necrosis than those of group 3 fed with 20%safflower seed diet. However, after six weeks, livers of group 2 and 3 showed severe necrosis and mild fibrosis at the same time. Group 5 fed with 10% safflower seed supplementation diet and water containing 0.05% phenobarbital sodium showed mild fatty changes and necrosis compared with group 4 fed with control diet and water containing 0.05% phenobarbital sodium at sixth week. At 8 to 10 wee71s after the administration of $CCl_4$, severe fibrosis. fatty changes and marked necrosis were observed in group 4, but hepatic injuries were less severe in group 5. The present results suggested that safflower seed has some protective effect in hepatic lesions and consequently delay the progression of hepatic fibrosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1658-1663
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• 2006

Panax notoginseng (Buck) F.H chen. root (PNS) is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promote health in Korean and Chinses medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main PNS are still not accurately investigated. Our preliminary aim is to elucidate the pharmacokinetics features of the PNS in rats. Objective of this study is to determine whether PNS affects hepatic microvascular dysfunction elicited by gut ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), since gut I/R causes hepatic microvascular dysfunction, and to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO). No has been found to be a modulator of the adhesive interactions between platelet and endothelial cells. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 min of gut ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor the number of non-perfused sinusoids (NPS). In another set of experiments, PNS (1 g/kg pre day intragastrically) was administered to rats for 7 days. In some experiments, dexamethasone (ST) (2 mg/kg per day intravenously) was administered. In control rats, gut I/R elicited increases in the number of NPS, and plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ and ALT activities, and these changes were mitigated by the pretreatment with PNS. Pretreatment with an No synthase inhibitor diminished the protective effects of PNS on the increase in NPS and plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ levels, but not its effect on the increase in plasma ALT activities. Pretreatment with PNS increased plasma nitrite/nitrate levels. The responses caused by gut I/R were attenuated by the pretreatment with ST. Pretreatment with an NO synthase inhibitor did not affect the effect of ST. These results suggest that PNS attenuates the gut I/R-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses such as TNF-${\alpha}$ production in the early phase via enhancement of NO production, and sequential hepatocellular damage via its anti-inflammatory effect like corticosteroid effect.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 1993

미나리의 해독작용 기전을 구명하기 위하여 미나리n-butanol 추출분획을 실험동물에 전처치한 다음, 간독소인 사염화탄소를 투여하고 급성 간손상의 정도를 확인함과 동시에 조직손상과 관련된 free radical 생성계 및 해독계효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 사염화탄소를 투여하였을 때 혈청 ALT활성 및 간조직 과산화지질의 함량이 대조군에 비하여 현저히 증가되었으나, 미나리추출물을 전처치하므로서 증가현상이 유의하게 억제되었다. 한편 미나리추출물 (50mg/kg)을 실험동물에 투여하였을 때, 간조직의 free radical 생성계 효소인 aniline hydroxylase의 활성 및 free radical 해독계 효소인 catalase 및 glutathione S-transferase의 활성과 간조직 glutathione의 함량은 유의한 변동을 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 free radical 생성계 효소의 일종인 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성은 미나리추출물의 투여량과 투여기간에 반비례하여 감소되었으며, 50mg/kg 및 5일간 투여군에서 유의한 억제현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 시험관내에 미나리 추출물의 첨가농도를 증가시켜가면서 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 측정하였을 때 효소의 활성은 변동이 없었다. 이상의 실험성적들을 종합해 볼 때, 미나리 n-butanol 추출분획은 free radical 생성계 효소인 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 조절하므로서 사염화탄소에 의한 간손상을 보호해 줄 것으로 사료되어진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1328-1339
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• 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that poses a potential hazard to the health of both humans and animals. In this study, biosynthesized selenium-enriched Lactobacillus plantarum and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were developed and evaluated for their protective effects against Cd-induced hepatic injury in mice through oral administration for 4 weeks. Cadmium exposure resulted in severe impairment of liver function, as evidenced by increased levels of serum markers of liver injury and, oxidative stress and significant damage to liver tissue, and a notable decrease in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Oral administration of Se-enriched L. plantarum (LS) reduced cadmium accumulation in the liver by 49.5% and, restored other cadmium-induced damage markers to normal levels. A comparison of the effects with those of L. plantarum (L) and SeNPs isolated from LS revealed that LS could more effectively alleviate hepatic oxidative stress and reduce the intrahepatic inflammatory responses of the liver, further protecting against cadmium-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that the development of LS may be effective at protecting the liver and intestinal tract from cadmium-induced damage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.750-756
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• 1994

The effect of onion juice on ethanol -induced lipid peroxidation were studied were studied in rats. The contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) -reactants increased significantly in liver thanol(4ml/kg/day) administered -rats. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase increased by ethanol administration compared with control group, but alterations of antioxidant enzymes activities in liver of ethanol administered rats were not significant vs control group. The glutathione contents in liver decreased by ethanol , whereas the glutathione level increased in ethanol and onion juice group compared with ethanol group. The contents of hepatic TBA-reactants and serum aminotrasnferase activity in ethanol group were reduced by onion juice administration. In these results, increased hepatic TBA-reactants of liver in ethanol group might be due to decreased glutathione contents in liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important roles in the liver in several detoxification and the reduction of lipid peroxides. So the protective effects of onion juice on ethanol-induced increment of TBA-reactants may be due to the increament of lgutathions content. The glutathione depletion by ethanol was an important factor of ethanol-induced cell damage, and the prevention of onion juice to the glutathione depletion reduced by ethanol may be an important factor on the protection from ethanol-induced lipid perpxidation in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1392-1399
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• 2005

This study evaluated the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-TC), ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or a combination on the extent of mitochondrial injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were pretreated with $\alpha$-TC (20 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 3 days before sustained ischemia. A rat liver was preconditioned with 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, and was then subjected to 90 min of ischemia followed by 5 h or 24 h of reperfusion. I/R increased the aminotransferase activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, whereas it decreased the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity. $\alpha$-TC and IPC individually attenuated these changes. $\alpha$-TC combined with IPC ($\alpha$-TC+IPC) did not further attenuate the changes. The mitochondrial glutathione content decreased after 5 h reperfusion. This decrease was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The significant production of peroxides observed after 10 min reperfusion subsequent to sustained ischemia was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The mitochondria isolated after I/R were rapidly swollen. However, this swelling rate was reduced by $\alpha$­TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. These results suggest that either $\alpha$-TC or IPC reduces the level of mitochondrial damage associated with oxidative stress caused by hepatic I/R, but $\alpha$- TC combined with IPC offers no significant additional protection.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine the protective effect of Cultured Wild Ginseng(CWG) on the acute and subacute toxicities induced by doxorubicin(Doxo) in mice. Heart and liver weight was decreased following Doxo administration. In contrast, such a decrease was significantly attenuated by CWG administration. The value of serum CPK in Doxo group was increased compared with normal group. But the value of CWG group were decreased significantly compared with the values of Doxo group in the liver of the Doxo group, cloudy swelling of hepatic cells and narrowing of sinusoids were observed. Whereas in the CWG group, well oriented hepatic cell cords and sinusoids were observed. In the testis of the Doxo group, necrotic and degenerative changes of the seminiferous tubules, especially beneath testicular membrane were observed. But those lesions were alleviated in CWG group. Cross sectional area of testis and diameter of semineferous tubule were significantly increased in CWG group compared with Doxo group. Body weight was reduced in Doxo group compared with normal group. In contrast, such a decrease was significantly attenuated by CWG administration atwa5th day. Spermatogenetic cells in seminiferous tubules were necrotic and desquamated and the cellularity of seminiferous epithelia was reduced in Doxo group. But those lesions were attenuated by CWG administration. Cross sectional area of testis and diameter of seminiferous tubule were significantly increased in CWG group compared with Doxo group. In addition, the increase in lipid peroxidation(LPO) in testis was inaddition, the, iout such a increased was significantly inhibited in CWG group. BrdU labelled cells in the seminiferous tubules were remarkably decreased in Doxo group. Whereas the number of seminiferous tubules labelled with BrdU in spermatogonia was increased by CWG administration. The obtained results suggest that CWG has protective effect on doxorubicin-induced toxicity. This effect might be mediated through the supplementation of vital energy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2009

헛개나무 잎 추출물의 간 손상 억제 작용을 확인하고자, B($\alpha$)P 투여로 간 독성이 유발된 마우스에서 과산화지질의 생성 및 관련 효소의 활성 변화를 살펴본 결과 B($\alpha$)P 투여로 인해 혈청 ALT와 AST의 활성, 간 조직 중의 과산화지질 함량, cytochrome P450 함량, SOD, catalase 그리고 GSH-Px의 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), GSH 함량과 GST 활성은 감소하였다. 반면 헛개나무 잎 메탄올 추출물의 전 처리로 인해 ALT와 AST의 활성, 과산화지질 함량, cytochrome P450 함량 그리고 항산화 효소인 SOD, catalase 및 GSH-Px의 활성이 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), GSH 함량과 GST 활성은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 헛개나무 잎 메탄올 추출물은 생체 내에서 자유기로 인해 야기되는 간장의 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Fruits and vegetables reportedly have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and oxidative disease. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect and antioxidative capacity of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed a high-cholesterol (1% wt/wt) or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lovastatin (0.02% wt/wt) or PLE (0.2% wt/wt) for 5 weeks. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the lovastatin group. However, the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. The PLE supplement also significantly lowered the contents of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. In comparing fecal sterol contents, the PLE group saw a significant increase of both neutral and acidic sterol compared to the other groups. The PLE supplement significantly lowered plasma GOT and GPT activity, which ave indices of hepatic toxicity. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the control group, while hepatic TBARS level was not significantly different between the groups. In a comparison of hepatic antioxidant parameters, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. However, the PLE supplement significantly towered antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocyte. Furthermore, these results suggest that supplementation of PLE promoted the excretion of fecal sterols, thereby leading to decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol. In addition, PLE may play an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by altering SOD and ChT activity.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1997

이간분수산(利肝分水散)의 galactosamine에 의해 야기된 백서의 간손상에 대한 해독능을 측정하기 위하여 이간분수산(利肝分水散)을 전처지한 후 시험관내에서 과산화지질의 생성 및 간장의 지질과산화물의 함량 및 간장에서 항산화방지제(SOD)의 활성에 미치는 영향, 시험관내에서 xanthine oxidase의 활성변화 및 간장조직의 xanthine oxidase의 형전환 변화를 측정하여 유의한 결과를 나타내었는데 이는 이간분수산(利肝分水散)의 이요작용(利尿作用)을 통한 독성물질의 배설을 촉진시킴으로서 세포나 조직의 손상 및 생체독성에 대하여 유의한 방어효능을 나타내는 것으로 이해할 수 있다.