• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1988

The inhibitory effect of three polyacetylene compounds, panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on $CCl_4$induced lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ADP-$Fe^{3+}$, NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were investigated. Their effects on lowering the lipid peroxide levels both in serum and liver and lowering the serum enzyme (GOT, GPT, LDH) activities without the $CCl_4$-induction were also determined. Male ICR mice were pretreated i.p. with polyacetylene compounds or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol before administration of $CCl_4$ i.p. and 20 hr after the administration of $CCl_4,$ serum and liver were analyzed. Hepatic microsome was isolated and used for the in vitro NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation system. Except for panaxynol, treatment with polyacetylenes to control mice did not reduce the levels of lipid peroxides and serum enzyme activities. Panaxynol itself inhibited lipid peroxidation in the liver of normal mice. Polyacetylene compounds protected from the $CCl_4$-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and lowered serum lipid peroxide levels. Polyacetylenes also inhibited the in virto hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol seem to be the antioxidant components which contribute the anti-aging activities of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 1998

The antiatherogenic effect of kimchi ingredients was studied in terms of antioxidative effect against Newzealand white rabbits that fed 1% cholesterol. Experimental groups was fed 8% Baechu (Brassica pekiinensis), or 1% red pepper(Capsium annum), or 1% garlic(Allium sativum) for 12 weeks. Blood samples were drawn every 2 weeks to analyze vitamin E, POV, and TBARS. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activity, vitamin E, and carotene concentration also were measured. Plasma TBARS and POV level were markedly lowered in both red pepper and garlic fed rabbits(p<0.05) compared to control. Hepatic POV and protein carbonyl values were lowered in the rabbits fed kimchi ingredients compared to control(p<0.05). Plasma vitamin E concentration was increased in the rabbits fed red pepper and garlic compared to control(p<0.05). Hepatic vitamin E concentration was increased in red pepper and garlicfed rabbits compared to control. For the hepatic antioxidative enzyme acitivity, catalase activity was significantly increased in red pepper and garlic fed rabbits compared to control. Therefore, Baechu, red pepper, and garlic exert an antioxidative effect against rabbits fed 1% cholesterol for 3 months.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the possibility of hepatotoxicity by supplemental foods or folk herbs such as Salvia Plebeia R. Br. Methods: A hospitalized male patient with alcoholic liver disease and electrolyte imbalance had recovered, and then followed by rapid hepatic serum enzymes after taking S. Plebeia. This study monitored the clinical outcome and biochemical parameters. Result: A 58-year male had drunk frequently, which led to alcoholic steatohepatitis and hospitalization. Two weeks after his discharge from hospital, he felt nausea, dizziness, and mild difficulties in speech and walking, resulting in re-hospitalization at the Korean Medical Hospital. The symptoms disappeared on correction of the electrolyte imbalance suspected to have been caused by severe sweating while working in the outdoors, and the patient was discharged. During treatment and monitoring of his health as an outpatient, the serum hepatic enzyme rapidly elevated approximately 10-fold in hepatic enzymes; the enzyme levels fluctuated according to whether or not he was taking the boiled water of S. Plebeia. The RUCAM score was 12, which met the criteria for toxic hepatitis by S. Plebeia. His general condition and abnormal hepatic enzymes recovered with cessation of S. Plebeia and administration of Chungganplus syrup (CGX). Conclusion: This study reports the hepatotoxic risk of Salvia Plebeia, which is commonly used as a folk remedy in Korea.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of swimming training and cholesterol diet on the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and serum lipid in Sprague Dawley rats(24 weeks of age). They were divided into five groups which were made up of normal-diet detraining group(C), 2% cholesterol-diet detraining group(CC), 2% cholesterol-diet swimming training groups which were classified according to their training time(CSA: 12min, CSB:8min, CSC:4min). They were given normal diet for the first 6weeks and then, separated normal-dietary and 2% cholesterol-dietary for 14 weeks. During these periods, 10 weeks’ swimming training was performed after 4 weeks later. And then we analyzed blood and liver by decapitating those rats. Swimming training showed a tendency to increase the activation of GSH-peroxidase, Nonprotein-SH and malondialdehyde, and decrease total- cholesterol, LSL-C/HDL-C and VLDL significantly. Whereas, cholesterol diet which has no training showed decrease the activation of hepatic antioxodant enzymes, and increase total-cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C absolutely. These results suggest that swimming training should stimulate the activation of hepatic antioxidant enzymes and decrease total-cholestrol even if they had cholesterol diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

갈화와 갈근이 알코올성 간손상 흰쥐의 알코올 대사효소계에 미치는 영항을 구명하기 위하여 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근 열수추출물을 2수준으로 나누어 5주간 급여한 후 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취량과 식이효율은 알코올 투여시 감소하였으며 갈화와 갈근추출물 급여로 회복되는 경향을 보였다. 장기 무게에 미치는 칡추출물의 영향은 알코올 투여로 증가된 간, 뇌와 심장 무게를 감소시켰는데 갈화가 갈근에 비하여 뇌와 심장 무게의 감소효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 알코올 대사효소 활성 변화에서 알코올 투여시 유의적으로 증가된 ADH와 MEOS 활성은 칡추출물 급여시 감소된 반면 AlDH 활성은 대조군에서 유의적으로 감소되었는데 칡추출물 급여시 그 활성이 증가되었다. MAO 활성과 과산화수소 함량도 알코올 투여시 증가되었으며 갈화와 갈근 열수추출물 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화와 갈근 열수추출물 급여는 알코올 중독된 흰쥐의 알코올 대사계 효소 활성 변화에 영향을 미쳐 알코올성 간손상 완화에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1991

The release of hepatic triglyceride lipase from cultured rat hepatocytes and its hormonal regulation were studied. The activity of lipase released into the medium in the presence of heparin was increasing during 24 hours on the 2nd of culture while this was 10% in the absence of heparin as compared with the lipase activity in the presense of heparin. When hepatocytes were cultured with anti-hepatic triglyceride lipase lgG the lipase activity was supp-ressed by 92% The results suggest that the enzyme relaeased into culture medium is identical to hepatic triglyceride lipase which can be released only in the presence of heparin the model of release being similar to that of lipoprotein lipase from adipocytes. The addition of monensin to the medium resulted in The inhibition of lipase secretion by 61% Insulin enhanced lipase activity only 20% whereas dexamethasone suppressed the activity by 44% These data inidica-ted that hepatic triglyceride lipase is secreted and released from hepatocytes in the presence of heparin and its secretion is regulated by hormones.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.377-385
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• 1988

The biologically active component of licoris(Glycyrrhizae Radix L.) is considered to be glycyrrhetinic acid, an aglycone of glycyrrhizin, on the basis of chemical and pharmacological studies. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity, which catalize morphine to morphinone. Morphine-6-dehydrogenase was further purified by centrifugation, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ fractionation, sephadex G-100, hydroxyapatite column. Hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased by the treatment of glycyrrhetinic acid. When effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase was investigated in vitro, it was powerfully inhibited the enzyme activity with dose-dependent manner. From the above results, glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits hepatic morphine-6-dehydrogenase activity and decreases the morphine induced harmful side effects.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1999

Ethanol catabolism is thought to produce metabolic disorders resulting in alcoholic liver disease. To investigate the mutual effects of ethanol catabolism and cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation on the activities of carboxylesterase, we have determined the enzyme activities in rat hepatic (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) preparations as well as in rat serum using ten animal models: normal rats (group 1), sham-operated rats (group 2), common bile duct-ligated rats (group 3), ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 4), sham-operation plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 5), common bile duct-ligated plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats at 1.5h and 24h (groups 7A and 7B), and duct-ligated and acute ethanol intoxicated rats at 1.5 h and 24 h (groups 8A and 8B). The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of carboxylesterase from these hepatic preparations of cholestatic rat liver combined with chronic ethanol intoxication were also measured by using ethyl valerate as the substrate from the 14th day post-ligation. Carboxylesterase activities of all hepatic preparations and rat serum (group 3) showed significant decreases compared to the activities from the sham-operated control (group 2). Enzyme kinetic parameters indicated that $V_{max}$ of carboxylesterase from all the hepatic preparations in cholestatic rats (group 3) decreased significantly, although the $K_m$ values were about the same as in the sham-operated control (group 2). When cholestasis was combined with chronic ethanol intoxication (group 6), carboxylesterase activities showed further decrease in all the hepatic preparations and serum compared to the control activity (group 5). The $V_{max}$ also decreased significantly, although $K_m$ values did not change. When common bile duct ligation was combined with acute ethanol intoxication (group 8), the enzyme activities in the rat liver and serum showed significant decrease compared to the activity from acute ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 7). However, quite contrary to this, the activities of serum from acute ethanol intoxication 1.5 h (group 7A) increased significantly compared to the activities in the normal control (group 1). These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of hepatic carboxyl-esterase seems to decrease when cholestasis is combined with chronic and acute ethanol intoxication, and the decrease in activity is more significant than from cholestasis alone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.