• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 1997

Pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2), isolated from marine sponges, was examined for its hepatotoxic potential using male ICR mice. PTX2 $(20\;or\;100\;{\mu}g/kg/day,\;ip)$ was administered to mice repeatedly for one or two week. Histopathological examination revealed an increase in granularity in the liver from the mice treated with PTX2. PTX2 did not alter the parameters for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity such as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Cytochrome P-450, cytochrome $b_5$, or NADPH cytochrome c reductase was net changed by repeated administration of PTX2. Hepatic microsomal activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, but not aminopyrine N-demethylase, was slightly depressed by PTX2 administerd repeatedly $(100\;{\mu}g/kg/day,\;ip)$ fur 2 weeks. The toxicity of PTX2 $(200\;{\mu}g/kg/day,\;ip)$ was determined in mice pretreated with a metabolic inducer or inhibitor such as phenobarbital, 3-methyl-cholanthrene, $CoCl_2$, or SKF 525-A. Significant alterations in lethality and hepatotoxicity of PTX2 were observed in mice pretreated with a metabolic modulator. The results suggest that liver seems to be the target organ for PTX2 toxicity and also that induction of the PTX2 toxicity may be associated with hepatic drug metabolizing activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1992

This study determined hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide values glucose 6-phosphatase NA-DPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activites to examine the effects of methyl group deficiency on hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats treated with diethylni-trosamine(DEN) and 2-acetylamionfluorene(AAF) Weanling sprague Dawley male rats were fed the diet with methyl group supplemented or deficient. Two weeks after feeding rate were injected with a single of 200mg/kg body weight DEN intraperitoneally and after four weeks 0.02% AAF containing diets were fed for two weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 6th week. Microsomal lipid peroxide values were tended to increase in methyl group deficiency(MD). Especially in case of carcinogen tratments lipid peroxide values were increased significantly in MD. Microsomal glucose 6-phophatase activities were decreased by MD and carcinogens and in MD with carcinogen group (MD+C) the enzyme activites were the lowest Glucose 6-phosphatase activities were negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation. Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activities were the highest in MD+C and correlated positively with lipid peroxidation. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activities were the highest in MD+C Methyl group deficiency induces lipid peroxidation especially in case of being exposed to carcinogens. Therefore the results suggest that lipid peroxidation may be one of the meachanisms of carcinogensis by methyl group deficiency.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.870-882
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, a global public health problem. Mentha canadensis (MA), a traditional phytomedicine and dietary herb used for centuries, was the focus of this study to investigate its effects on obesity. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-five male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a normal diet (ND, n = 10) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 25) for 4 weeks to induce obesity. After the obesity induction period, the HFD-fed mice were randomly separated into 2 groups: one group continued to be fed HFD (n = 15, HFD group), while the other group was fed HFD with 1.5% (w/w) MA ethanol extract (n = 10, MA group) for 13 weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights were significantly decreased in the MA-supplemented group compared to the HFD group. Additionally, MA supplementation enhanced energy expenditure, leading to improvements in plasma lipids, cytokines, hepatic steatosis, and fecal lipids. Furthermore, MA supplementation regulated lipid-metabolism-related enzyme activity and gene expression, thereby suppressing lipid accumulation in the WAT and liver. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MA has the potential to improve diet-induced obesity and its associated complications, including adiposity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 1991

In this study the effects of water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon)on alcohol metabolism in rats were investigated. 25% alcoholic solution(v/v,0.75g/200g B.W.)and 40% alcoholic solution(v/v,0.80g/200g B.W.)were orally administered to rats for 2 hours. The levels of metabolites and enzyme activities both on serum and liver were not changed by acute oral adminiatration of 25% and 40% alcoholic solution. Blood alcohol levels were significantly lowered by treatment of water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija in rats administered with 25% and 40% alcohol. In 25% alcohol treated group, serum GPT level was decreased but hepatic G-6-P DH and pyruvate levels were increased. In 40% alcohol treated group, water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija resulted in a significant decreased in serum levels of FFA, GPT but increased in serum glucose level. Hepatic levels of cytosolic protein, glycogen and pyruvate were increased by water extracts of omija parts in 40% alcohol treated group.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1998

The effects of aloe on the MDA(malondialdehyde) and the blood biochemical components of heavy metal poisoning in SD rat were examined and the following results were obtained. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased each 2.37times(24h), 3.31times(72h) but lipidperoxide In aloe administration groups was lower each 47% , 64% than in heavy metal group. In rat kidney homo- genate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased 1.85times(24h), 1.33times(72h) but lipidperoxide in groups was almost the same as that of normal group. Lipidperoxide of kidney homogenate was slightly decreased as time passed. Also heavy metal poisoning rats showed high levels(1.38-2.50times) of serum AST, ALT and BUN. However. the administration of aloe significantly inhibited the reduction of them. These results suggest that Cd-induced hepatic and renal injury, via increase llpidpero)Ode and release of AST, ALT and BUN. Aloe may be used to inhibit or prevent the hepatic and renal toxicity which results from the heavy metal.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.3_4
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• pp.173-179
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• 1979

A dose, 1g/kg of ethanol produced experimental hyperuricemia in mouse. Ginseng saponins were tested for their ability to alter the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and the blood level of uric acid in the ethanol-treated mouse. Intraperitoneal injection of ginseng saponin 4mg/kg markedly decreased the xanthine oxidase activity in the ethanol-treated mouse liver. It was also observed that ginseng saponin reduced the blood concentration of uric acid in experimentally induced hyperuricemia by alcohol treatment. In vitro, it was found that a low concentration of ginseng saponin in the reaction mixture incresed the hepatic xanthine oxidase activity, while a high concentration inhibited both enzyme preparations of normal and ethanol treated mice. In contrast with the xanthine oxidase, uricase activity was not influenced by ginseng saponin as well as in vivo. These results suggest there is a possibility that ginseng saponin may have some therapeutic effect on gout and other hyperuricemia syndrome.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 1988

The effect of hepatic injury produced by CCL, was studied on rats receiving a low protein-high carbohydrate (7% casein), standard protein (20% casein) and a high protein diet (30% casein). The rats fed low protein diet are resistant to CCl$_4$ in its effects on the liver as judged by histology, serum enzymes(guanase, ALT) and the content of hepatic protein. On the other hand, the pretreatment of hydrocortisone before injection of CCl$_4$ to the rats fed a standard diet, slightly decreased both serum ALT and guanase activities. In the pretreatment of actinomycin D, the liver and serum guanase activities were significantly decreased. It indicates that the cause of increasing serum guanase is based on the alteration of membrane permeability and the result of accelerated enzyme synthesis in liver cells of CCl$_4$ intoxicated rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 1989

The methanolic extract of the Rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria exhibited a significant prolongation of hexobarbital (HB)-induced hypnosis. Through liquid chromatography of an ether soluble fraction. monitoring by bioassay, three sequiterpenes, germacrone (A), curzerenone (B) and germacrone epoxide (C) were isolated as active consituents. A single treatment (100-200 mg/kg, i.p.) of each compound showed not only a significant prolongation of HB-induced sleeping time but also a significant inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in mice, and further exhibited a typical type I binding spectra with oxidized rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 induced by phenobarbital. All of the compounds provoked a sleep episode at a subhypnotic dose of HB, implying that they possess CNS depressant properties.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.170-173
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) isolated from Angelica gigas were investigated. These two coumarins exhibited decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4-intoxication$ in rats. They also showed increase in anti-oxidant enzyme such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats. These results suggest that decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) from A. gigas possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the hepatoprotective activities in rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1988

The effects of altering the hepatic mixed-function oxidase(MFO) activities on the acute toxicity of parathion were examined in female rats. Phenobarbital sodium pretreatment (50mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 consecutive days has resulted in significant decreases in the toxicity of parathion (2 or 4 mg/kg, i.p.) as determined by lethality and cholinesterase activities wheras the toxicity arising from a single dose of CCl4(2 mmol/kg, i.p.) 24 hr prior to parathion challenge was potentiated.