• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.379-382
• /
• 2001

To confirm the effect of food and water deprivation prior to Newcastle disease(ND) virus vaccination, three hundred chicks were divided into five groups with three replications. ND vaccine were sprayed to at 1 -day old chicks at commercial hatchery. Secondary and third vaccination was conducted at 2-week old and 24-day old chicks by LaSota strain. Control was conventionally vaccinated without withdrawing the food and water before or after vaccination. In group 2(G2) and 3(G3), LaSota strain was vaccinated to chicks before and after fasting the food and water for 3 and 2 hours, respectively. Group 4(G4) has the same fasting time of group 2, but supplemented the skim milk in vaccin dilution water. In group 5(G5), skim milk was added into group 3. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were weekly measured for 5 weeks. Blood was collected from wing vein at 24 and 35 days of age. Each serum antibody level were measured by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. The average weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion of all group were not significantly different. Weight gain of each groups was 1910.30(control), 1875.28(G2), 1952.12(G4) and 1896.05(G5), respectively. Feed intake of all group was recorded at 3160.67(control), 3167.07(G2), 3189.48(G3), 3157.85(G4) and 3178.16(G5), respectively. The feed conversion of each groups was 1.655(control), 1.688(G2), 1.633(G3), 1.699(G4) and 1.676(G5), respectively. The HI titer of G4 was $ 5.50{\Pm}$1.40 and significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05)(control : $4.36{\Pm}$1.87 , G2 : $5.18{\Pm}$2.14, G3 : $4.51{\Pm}$2.19, G : $5.28{\Pm}$1.58 at 35 days old. The results of this experiment indicated that two or three hours of fasting time before or after vaccination would be able to show the higher antibody level against ND virus.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 1997

Purpose : Studies on the duration of immune response against Japanese encephalitis virus from recipients with JE vaccine (Nakayama-NIH strain) in Korea. Methods : To determinate the immune response and the duration of antibody against JE vaccine, 213 students were examined since 1994 using hemmaglutination inhibition test and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results : 24 months after the first vaccination, haemmaglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody maintained from the recipients 63.4% (>1:20) and 100% (>1:20), respectively. In April 1996, one dose booster to the same recipients those who were vaccinated in 1994, the GMT antibody for HI and PRNT titer were both increased from 1:11.6 to 1:13.2 and 1:275.7 to 1:348.1, respectively, after 6 months booster (after 30 months from the initial vaccination). This results showed that the antibody from the active immunity could be maintained more than 12 months after the initial vaccination. On the basis of these results, inactivated killed JE vaccine (Nakayama-NIH strain) using for preventing against JE purpose seems to produce antibody enough to protect against JE at present. Conclusions : Along with the results of this study demonstrating duration of antibody, the active immunization could be maintained as long as by initial vaccination of 2 doses, a single dose of booster vaccination made during a period of 1 month to 12 months and the successive booster vaccination by 2 or 3 year intervals. However, the immunization schedule should be concerned with both epidemiology of disease and the immune response of vaccinated individuals.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.473-480
• /
• 1986

Mumps is an extremly common infectious disease affecting predominantly young children hut it is not a severe disease in terms of mortality. One hundred and two sera from infants of 3 different groups which are vaccinated, unvaccinated and unknown were detected to mumps antibody. The tests used were Complement Fixation(CF) test, Single Radial Hemolysis(SRH) test, Hemagglutination Inhibition(HI) test, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Immunoglobulin G(ELISA IgG) test, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Immunoglobulin M(ELISA IgM) test. 1. The rate of positivity for mumps antibody in 102 sera wera 89.16%(74/83) by Hl test, 68.83%(53/77) by ELISA IgG test, 64.58%(62/96) by SRH test, 63.24%(43/68) by ELISA IgM test and 50.00%(49/98) by CF test. 2. The rate of positivity by 5 tests for 55 sera turned out to be very similar with above results respectively. 3. The correlation coefficients(r) between ELISA IgG test ant H1 test, ELISA IgG test and ELISA IgM test were 0.34(P<0.0l) and 0.31(P<0.02), respectively. 4. The percentage of apparently natural infection of mumps seemed to be 65.15%(43/66) in infants. 5. Seroconversion rate of mumps by vaccination were 90.91%(10/11). 6. Among the 53 infants who were tested with ELISA IgG 15 were below 15 months age of(28.30%) and this percentage may be taken as a suggestion that mumps vaccination should be given earlier than present practice. 7. ELISA IgG test was found very sensitive and recommendable method for large scale screening for the presence of antibody to mumps.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 1999

Two Lectins, designated FVL-1 and FVL-2, were isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of edible mushroom Flammulina veluripes using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ethanol treatment, DEAE-TOYPEARL ion-exchange column chromatography, and TSK-Gel HW-55F column chromatography. Specific activity increased 18 folds for FVL-1 and 7.9 folds for FVL-2 from ethanol treated sample. SDS-PAGE of FVL-1 and FVL-2 gave apparent molecular mass of 10.6 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively. FVL-2 agglutinated all type of human erythrocytes (A, B, AB, and O). However, FVL-1 agglutinated more human erythrocyte type O than type A, B, and AB. The hemagglutination activities of the FVL-1 were effectively inhibited by bovine submaxillary and porcine stomach mucins(BSM and PSM), fetuin, asialofetuin and cations, such as $Cu^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$. However, FVL-2 was not inhibited by any cations. The hemagglutination activities of the two lectins were not inhibited by the sugar, such as lactose, galactose and sugar derivatives. FVL-1 and FVL-2 were stable at pH $5{\sim}11$ and pH $4{\sim}7$, respectively. FVL-1 was stable below $55^{\circ}C$ and FVL-2 was below $45^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 1991

Getah virus is known as a causative agent of recognized febrile illness of horses characterized by fever, rash and edema. A serological survey indicated that hemagglutination inhibition antibody against Getah virus was detected in 34% of 464 racehorses from Korean Horse Affairs Association and 57% of 262 ponies from Cheju island, respectively. Several field strains of Getah virus isolated were from the racehorse that have been shown fever and febrile signs in 1989. The field isolates produced cytopathic effect in Vero, MA-104, BHK-21 cell cultures. Especially, they multiplied to the highest titer($10^6TCID_{50}/0.1ml$) in Vero cell cultures. When day-old mice were inoculated with field isolates by the intracerebral route, they showed a typical paralysis sign and died within seven days after inoculation. The guinea pig exhibited skin rash and edema, and died with neural signs after inoculation with the field isolates. In the cross neutralization test and indirect immunofuorescent assay, the field isolates were proved to be closely related to the Sakai strain of Getah virus antigenically.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 1981

It has long been believed for the presence of infectious coryza affecting serious economic loss in domestic poultry industry. However, the etiologic agent has not been isolated until quite recently. From 1979, several strains of Haemophilus-like organism were isolated from chickens with symptoms similar to infectious coryza, and their colonial morphology, growth requirement, biochemical properties and pathogenicity were assessed. In addition, serological properties of the isolates by cross hemagglutination inhibition test was also investigated. The results indicated that all the isolates were identified as Haemophilus gallinarum which had similar characteristics to the reference strains.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 1979

The present study was undertaken to observe the immune status of breeding hens and laying hens against Newcastle disease (ND). The methods of extraction of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody from egg yolk, the detection of HI antibody in egg albumen and the correlation between HI antibody titers in maternal sera and egg yolks were discussed. For the purposes of these experiments, 9 flocks of breeding hens and 16 flocks of laying hens immunized against Newcastle disease virus were investigated. The vaccination program of tested flocks was 3-3-3 or 4-4-4 in general. The results obtained are summerized as follows: Freezing-thawing was the best method far antibody extraction from egg yolk for HI test. The HI antibody against NDV was found in egg albumen (geometric mean, 4.5), but lower than that found in egg yolk (32.1). The geometric mean of HI antibody titers of egg yolks (84.1) was higher than that of maternal sera (68.4) and day-old chicken sera (25.3). There was correlation between HI antibody titers of maternal sera(Y) and those of egg yolks(X). The coefficient correlation was r=0.63, and the line of regression of Y on X was $\hat{Y}$=35.91+0.35X.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1980

Incidence of avian infectious diseases in breeder chickens was followed serologically. Serum samples were collected during the period of 1978~1979 from breeders throughout country and tested for the presence of antibodies against Salmonella pullorum(SP), Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG), Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus(AIBV), Infectious Bursal Disease virus(IBDV) and Egg Drop Syndrome Virus(EDS). The tests used serum plate agglutination for SP and MG, immuno-diffusion for AIBV and IBDV and hemagglutination-inhibition test for EDS virus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus were 16.9% and 55.3%. 2. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Infectious Bursal Disease virus were 50.1% and 66.4%. 3. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of sal. pullorum were 17.2% and 65.9%. 4. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of M. gallisepticum were 36.2% and 63.2%. 5. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of Egg Drop Syndrome (BC 14) virus were 14.1% and 46.3%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2018

As animal welfare issue becomes important, the European Union bans conventional cages for laying hens from 2012. So the alternative housing systems like floor pens, aviaries or free range systems have been suggested. From 2011 to 2014, we monitored 20 welfare-oriented laying hen farms in South Korea to figure out serological status of major viral diseases. During this period, total 3,219 blood samples were collected from the randomly selected chickens to test and evaluate the hemagglutination inhibition titers for low pathogenic avian influenza, Newcastle disease and egg drop syndrome '76. A total of 2,926 blood samples were tested through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the serological status of infectious bronchitis (IB). The distribution of ELISA titers for IB was various from almost 0 to 20,000 through the all weeks of age. Also, the antibody coefficient of variation for most of the diseases in this study was higher than those of typical cage layers. As this study was the first surveillance for major avian viral diseases of the animal welfare-oriented farms in South Korea, the results obtained from this study will help to determine what information and resources are needed to maintain better biosecurity and to improve the health and welfare of laying hen flocks.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1998

Hemagglutination-inhibition titers (log2) to Newcastle disease (ND) vims were chronologically observed in chicks, which were orally inoculated with 5 × 105 oocysts of Cwptospori,drum bcileyi at 2 days of age and subsequently vaccinated with inactivated ND virus at 4 and 21 days postinoculation. In general, the titers were considerably lower in the infected chicks than those in the uninfected control throughout the experimental period (p < 0.01), and rapid negative seroronversions were observed in the infected chicks. The titers reached a peak on weeks 2 and 4 post-booster-vaccination in the control and infected chicks, respectively. Thus, C. bciLeWi infection was shown to have an immunosuppressive effect on ND vaccination when the agent was given to 2-day-old chicks. It is suggested that C. bniLeWi infection in chicks may increase the host susceptibility to ND virus.