• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1992

The efficacy of B$_1$l live vaccine which is used successfully in chicken was examined against Newcastle disease in quails. A total of 480 male quails were divided into 4 groups, of which 3 groups were vaccinated via drinking water, eye instillation and spraying method and the remaining was employed as a nonvaccinated control group. At 3 weeks after the first vaccination a part of quails in each group was revaccinated. Efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by the antibody responses and the protection rates after challenge with a virulent NDV. Vaccination of quails with $B_1$ NDV at 10 days of age resulted in beneficial effect compared to nonvaccinated group regardness of vaccination methods adopted although general protection rates were considerably low. Twice vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody responeses were significantly higher in groups of quails vaccinated by spray and eye instillation method than by drinking water administration. Antibody responses were marked at 2 weeks onward and until 5 to 7 weeks after vaccination. Antibody responses were rapid and marked after second vaccination. However, antibody level did not last longer than 5 to 7 weeks postvaccination. Vaccine caused no adverse effect on quails in terms of growth'rate, body temperature or clinical signs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1992

Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) was propagated in SPF eggs and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in order to prepare the antigen. Several fusions were made between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mouse immunized with IBV antigen and two hybridoma clones producing specific monoclonal antibody(MCA) against the IBV were established. The MCAs were classified as IgG type and revealed no neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition activity. Using the MCA IBV antigen was detected by IFA method in tracheal smears made from chickens infected with IBV during the experimental period of 10 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2001

Hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers of Newcastle disease(ND) were measured to investigate the vaccination times on three different species of broiler chicks in Chonbuk province. Each 330 of Cobb, Ross and White-semi broiler chicks were selected from 11 broiler farms. The primary vaccine were sprayed in hatchery at one day old chicks. Secondary and tertiary vaccine were used by drinking water at 7 to 24 days old chicks. The ND antibody titer were measured by HI from each different species of broiler chicks at the marketing date. Total average HI titers of Cobbs vaccinated with primary ones, secondary and tertiary ones were recorded 1.86, 1.52 and 2.76, respectively. The antibody titers were shown to 2.22, 2.13, 3.07 in terms of vaccination of Ross broiler chicks. They were also 2.56, 2.65 and 2.78 in terms of vaccination of White-semi broiler chicks. The value HI titer were not statistically different of all treatments. The results of this experiment suggested that HI titer of sera is scored less than defensive value of ND antibody titer at more than two times of vaccination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2002

A Total of 703 swine sera from 55 swine farrns (Mar. 1998 through Feb. 2001) were nation-wide collected for the presence of the antibody to influenza A virus H3 subtype isolate. The presence of antibody was tested by hernagglutination inhibition with chicken red blood cells and seropositiveness was determined by HI titer ${\geq}1$: 40. Sero-prevalence was evaluated based on year, season, region and age, respectively. In consequence, there were seme differences by year, season and region, respectively. High susceptibility was routinely observed in 60 and 90 day-old piglets. Therefore, it seems that the sero-prevalence to swine influenza virus H3 subtype isolate is useful for the prevention and control of swine influenza in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1979

The present study was undertaken to observe the immune status of breeding hens and laying hens against Newcastle disease (ND). The methods of extraction of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody from egg yolk, the detection of HI antibody in egg albumen and the correlation between HI antibody titers in maternal sera and egg yolks were discussed. For the purposes of these experiments, 9 flocks of breeding hens and 16 flocks of laying hens immunized against Newcastle disease virus were investigated. The vaccination program of tested flocks was 3-3-3 or 4-4-4 in general. The results obtained are summerized as follows: Freezing-thawing was the best method far antibody extraction from egg yolk for HI test. The HI antibody against NDV was found in egg albumen (geometric mean, 4.5), but lower than that found in egg yolk (32.1). The geometric mean of HI antibody titers of egg yolks (84.1) was higher than that of maternal sera (68.4) and day-old chicken sera (25.3). There was correlation between HI antibody titers of maternal sera(Y) and those of egg yolks(X). The coefficient correlation was r=0.63, and the line of regression of Y on X was $\hat{Y}$=35.91+0.35X.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2009

The chicken Mx gene has been regarded as a candidate gene for resistance to avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, three groups of chickens with homozygotes (AA, GG) and heterozygotes (AG) of the resistant (A) and susceptible alleles (G) to AIV of the Mx gene were constructed from a line of dwarf egg-type chickens. These chickens were not examined for their resistant activities to AIV because the differential resistance had only been detected in vitro. The birds of the three groups were vaccinated with inactivated H5N2 AIV vaccine and the level of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody to AIV was detected. The association between disease resistant activity to AIV and antibody response to AIV vaccination in the three groups was analyzed. The chickens with homozygous resistant allele A showed the lowest antibody levels, whereas the heterozygous chickens (AG) presented the highest antibody level after the boosting vaccination, which indicates that the efficiency of artificial selection on the resistant allele of Mx gene will be compromised since the homozygotes of the allele presented the weakest antibody response to the corresponding vaccine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

Bangladeshi indigenous chickens of mixed ages vaccinated twice at a three week interval with either conventional vaccines-$F_1$ (ocular) and M (mukteswar, Intramuscular), or heat resistant $V_4$ vaccine administered by either the ocular or oral routes, all showed satisfactory hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HI) responses and protection against Newcastle Disease (NCD) challenge persisting for four months. The antibody response to $F_1$ and M was higher than for $V_4$, which was similar whether administered by the ocular or oral routes. All vaccinated treatments have a significant level of protection compare to the control group (p<0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the protection against controlled challenge with virulent NCD virus was found between vaccinated groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

The results from a total of 412 blood samples consisted of 187 samples from regular visiting group (RV), 94 samples from first visiting group (FV), 52 samples from abandoned group (A), 54 samples from special breeder group (SB), and 25 samples from preliminary breeder group (PB) showed that RV(94.7%) and SB(88.9%) groups had the higher levels of protective antibody, but PB (36.0%) group revealed the lowest level. Among 96 blood samples with lower protective antibody levels, 14 samples (14.6%), 72 samples (75.0%) and 10 samples (10.4%) were below the protective antibody levels to distemper/parvo-virus, distemper only and parvovirus only, respectively. These results implied that antibody to parvovirus was well generated than that to distemper. Eighty six samples (20.9%) showed the protective antibody titer under 1:96 to distemper and 24 samples (5.8%), the protective antibody titer under 1:40 to parvovirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1980

Incidence of avian infectious diseases in breeder chickens was followed serologically. Serum samples were collected during the period of 1978~1979 from breeders throughout country and tested for the presence of antibodies against Salmonella pullorum(SP), Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG), Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus(AIBV), Infectious Bursal Disease virus(IBDV) and Egg Drop Syndrome Virus(EDS). The tests used serum plate agglutination for SP and MG, immuno-diffusion for AIBV and IBDV and hemagglutination-inhibition test for EDS virus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus were 16.9% and 55.3%. 2. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Infectious Bursal Disease virus were 50.1% and 66.4%. 3. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of sal. pullorum were 17.2% and 65.9%. 4. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of M. gallisepticum were 36.2% and 63.2%. 5. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of Egg Drop Syndrome (BC 14) virus were 14.1% and 46.3%.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2006

Effects of cultivars, cooking, and processing on hemagglutinin activity were evaluated by observing macroscopic hemagglutination using serial twofold dilution of trypsinized human blood type-O or rabbit blood. Hemagglutinin activity was expressed as maximal geometric dilution fold. Agglutination of rabbit blood was more sensitive compared to human blood. Hemagglutinin activities of glyphosate-tolerant soybean, HS2906, and imported conventional soybeans were not statistically different, although significant differences were observed among conventional soybean cultivars cultivated in Korea (286 to 1535 HU/mg protein). Time required to reach fifty percent inhibition of hemagglutinin activity ($IT_{50}$) value decreased with increasing cooking temperature and pressure. Most effective conventional cooking method to inhibit hemagglutinin activity was pressure-cooking ($IT_{50}$: 1.36 min). Calculated activation energy based on reaction rate constant was 4.88 kcal. No hemagglutinin activities were detected in processed soybean products such as tofu, soybean paste, and soysauce.