• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.110-121
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• 2005

E.coli methionyl tRNA synthetase consist of 676 amino acids and plays a key role in initiation of protein synthesis. The native form of this enzyme is a homodimer, but the monomeric enzyme truncated approximately C-terminal 120 amino acids retains the full enzymatic activities. X-ray crystal structure of the active monomeric enzyme shows that it has two domains. The N-terminal domain is thought to be a binding site for acceptor stem of tRNA, ATP, and methionine. The C-terminal domain is mainly a-helical and makes an interaction with the anticodon of $tRNA^{Met}$. Especially it is suggested that the region of helix-loop-helix including the tryptophan residue at the position 461 may be the essential for the interaction with anticodon of $tRNA^{Met}$. In this work the structure and function of E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase was studied by spectroscopic method (NMR, CD, Fluorescence). The importance of tryptophan residue at the position 461 was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Tryptophan 461 is expected to be an essential site for the interaction between E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase and E. coli $tRNA^{Met}$. Proton and heteonuclear 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy were also used to elucidate the protein-tRNA interaction.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-87
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• 2013

This study applies grounded theory to develop an emic substantive theory of regional integration in Greater East Asia. The role of norms and policies is explored through discursive content analysis of a wide theoretical sample of official elite policy statements dealing with regionalism and related policy areas. A resulting model of regional integration titled "Harmony through Holistic Engagement" is then discussed in relation to the etic consensus on the phenomenon. The study concludes that the etic consensus on the nature of regional integration in Greater East Asia greatly differs from the results of an emic approach and thus reflects a normative consensus rather than a descriptive reality.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

The present research applies the Theory of Harmony through Holistic Engagement to the foreign policy of Japan. As the third largest economy in the world and one of the most highly developed countries in the world, Japan is a major international power. Most analysts interpret Japan’s foreign policy through the lenses of realist, exceptionalist, or liberal institutionalist approaches. All the previously mentioned approaches tend to be based on etic studies conducted from the point of view of outsiders. The present interpretation of Japanese foreign policy applies an emic model based on primary sources from the Greater East Asian region and concludes that the Model of Harmony through Holistic Engagement shows considerable explanatory traction in interpreting the direction and development of Japanese foreign policy, in particular in the last two to three decades.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.31-31
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• 2002

$\alpha$$_1$-Antitrypsin is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family that share a common tertiary structure. The reactive site loop (RSL) of serpins is exposed at one end of the molecule for protease binding. Upon cleavage by a target protease, the RSL is inserted into the major $\beta$-sheet A, which is a necessary process for formation of a tight inhibitory complex.(omitted)

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

The recent listing of Preah Vihear Temple as a World Heritage Site has awakened a longtime simmering border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over a few square kilometers surrounding the ancient Khmer Temple. While the listing of the site by UNESCO was expected to revive the economy of the impoverished border towns near the temple due to the increased tourism and funding for the preservation of the archeological site, it has had the opposite effect due to the sharp increase in violent conflict carried out by the armed forces and nationalist activists from both sides. Military skirmishes and violent protests have brought the local economy to a halt in addition to causing considerable physical damage to the local infrastructure and to the local transnational network of ethnic Kui, local business owners, Khmer and Thai villagers. This paper shows how the dispute is viewed and undertaken by three distinct communities involved in the conflict, the militaries, the metropolitan political elites and activists, and the local villagers. The three communities represent three different cultures of conflict with different interests and most importantly with differential access to the media and official representations of the dispute.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.817-827
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• 2021

In this paper, we prove that a diffeomorphism f on a normal almost contact 3-manifold M is a CRL-transformation if and only if M is an α-Sasakian manifold. Moreover, we show that a CR-loxodrome in an α-Sasakian 3-manifold is a pseudo-Hermitian magnetic curve with a strength $q={\tilde{r}}{\eta}({\gamma}^{\prime})=(r+{\alpha}-t){\eta}({\gamma}^{\prime})$ for constant 𝜂(𝛄'). A non-geodesic CR-loxodrome is a non-Legendre slant helix. Next, we prove that let M be an α-Sasakian 3-manifold such that (∇_YS)X = 0 for vector fields Y to be orthogonal to ξ, then the Ricci tensor 𝜌 satisfies 𝜌 = 2α²g. Moreover, using the CRL-transformation $\tilde{\nabla}^t$ we fine the pseudo-Hermitian curvature $\tilde{R}$, the pseudo-Ricci tensor $\tilde{\rho}$ and the torsion tensor field $\tilde{T}^t(\tilde{S}X,Y)$.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

In this paper a novel and efficient computational framework to estimate the stress range versus number of cycles curves experienced by a cable due to external excitations (e.g., seismic excitations, traffic and wind-induced vibrations, among others) is proposed. This study is limited to the wind-cable interaction governed by the Vortex Shedding mechanism which mainly rules cables vibrations at low amplitudes that may lead to their failure due to bending fatigue damage. The algorithm relies on a stochastic approach to account for the uncertainties in the cable properties, initial conditions, damping, and wind excitation which are the variables that govern the wind-induced vibration phenomena in cables. These uncertainties are propagated adopting Monte Carlo simulations and the concept of importance sampling, which is used to reduce significantly the computational costs when new scenarios with different probabilistic models for the uncertainties are evaluated. A high fidelity cable model is also proposed, capturing the effect of its internal wires distribution and helix angles on the cables stress. Simulation results on a 15 mm diameter high-strength steel strand reveal that not accounting for the initial conditions uncertainties or using a coarse wind speed discretization lead to an underestimation of the stress range experienced by the cable. In addition, parametric studies illustrate the computational efficiency of the algorithm at estimating new scenarios with new probabilistic models, running 3000 times faster than the base case.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.102-119
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• 2021

Social credit rating in China (SCRC) has been criticized as "dystopian" and "Orwellian," an attempt by the Communist Party to hold onto power by exerting ever greater control over its citizens. To explain such measures, value differences are often invoked, that Chinese value stability and cooperation over privacy and freedom. However, these explanations are oversimplifications that result in ethical impasses. This article argues social credit rating should be understood in terms of the commonly human problem of large-scale cooperation. To do so, this paper relies on a cultural evolutionary framework and is an exercise in interpretive pros hen ethical pluralism, attempting to understand how apparently irresolvable cultural differences stem from common human concerns. Wholesale condemnation of SCRC fails to acknowledge the serious, intractable nature of problems resulting from a lack of trust in China. They take for granted the existence of institutions ensuring largescale, anonymous cooperation characteristic of - but somewhat unique to - Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) cultures. Because of its history and rapid development, China lacks the institutions necessary to ensure such cooperation, and because of anti-social punishment, social credit rating might be one of the few ways to ensure cooperation at this scale. The point is not to defend social credit rating in general, but to raise the possibility of its defense in China and show one way this would be done.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1455-1461
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• 2008

We implemented a subminiature internal antenna that is around 1 cc volume for the mobile phone. The fundamental type of studied antenna is IFA(Inverted F Antenna), and this antenna is designed to be improved efficiency and gain due to minimum current cancellation by the avoidance of multiple bending pattern. For the implementation of multiple band, helix is applied to compensate for short antenna length for low frequency band, and a 3 dimensional pattern is used for high frequency band. We made two kinds of 3D structure antenna. One is a 1 cc volume antenna for GSM/DCS band on the bare board set, and the other is a 1.5 cc volume for the GSM/USPCS mobile phone set. Measurements showed good gain performance that average gain of two antenna on each band are $-3.46{\sim}-0.45\;dBi$ and $-4.80{\sim}-3.29\;dBi$ respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.476-483
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• 2010

Total bacterial populations were cultured from the Hydroball cultivation media in the rhizospheres of 9 different plants including $Hedera$ $helix$ L. and $Dracaena$ $deremensis$ cv. Warneckii Compacta, etc. These cultured bacterial populations were studied to test if the bacterial populations in the plant growing pots may play a role on removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene and toluene in the air. To meet this objective, first, we tested the possibility of removal of VOCs by the cultured total bacteria alone. The residual rates of benzene by the inoculation of total bacterial populations from the different plant growth media were significantly different, ranging from 0.741-1.000 of $Spathiphyllum$ $wallisii$ 'Regal', $Pachira$ $aquatica$, $Ficus$ $elastica$, $Dieffenbachia$ sp. 'Marrianne' Hort., $Chamaedorea$ $elegans$, compared to the control with residual rate of 0.596 (LSD, $P$=0.05). This trend was also similar with toluene, depending on different plants. Based on these results, we inoculated the bacterial population cultured from $P.$ $aquatica$ into the plant-growing pots of $P.$ $aquatica$, $F.$ $elastica$, and $S.$ $podophyllum$ inside the chamber followed by the VOCs injection. The inoculated bacteria had significant effect on the removal of benzene and toluene, compared to the removal efficacy by the plants without inoculation, indicating that microbes in the rhizosphere could play a significant role on the removal of VOCs along with plants.