• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.84-95
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data reflecting body characteristics for production of briefs by classifying lower body types of women in their 40s, 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, measurements for height-related items decreased while the measurements for width and depth items increased with age. However, 'hip width' and 'hip depth' items showed no significant differences among the age groups. In addition, no visible differences appeared in the length items among the age groups but 'waist to hip' and 'outside leg' lengths showed decreasing values according to age. Second, four factors were established from the factor analysis: 'obesity level around waist and abdomen', 'vertical length of the lower body', 'thickness and obesity level of lower limbs', and, 'size and shape of buttocks'. Lastly, cluster analysis resulted in the classification of the four factors mentioned above. Type 2 appeared the most, representing women in their 40s~60s. Type 1(n=257) was referred as 'slender with a short lower body', Type 2(n=443) as 'plump with short lower body', Type 3(n=224) as 'slender with long lower body', and Type 4(n=199) as 'obese around abdomen and lower limbs'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.563-575
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• 2024

This study analyzed 2D bodice sloper changes according to combinations of the lateral neck and shoulder points of a 3D mannequin's shoulder lines. The relationship between the 3D shape and 2D pattern was analyzed. The shoulder line was set to a default of 1cm in front of or behind the lateral neck point, 1cm in front or behind the lateral shoulder point and 1cm vertically above the lateral neck or shoulder point. When the lateral neck point was moved backward, the front neck depth, front and back shoulder height, and shoulder length in the 3D shape increased, whereas the back neck's depth and width decreased. In the 2D pattern, the back shoulder height decreased. As the lateral shoulder point moved backward, all items of the 3D shape showed little change. However, the front shoulder height for the 2D pattern decreased. Consequently, the back shoulder height increased, and the lateral neck point was raised vertically by 1cm. Meanwhile, only the back neck depth and shoulder length decreased while all other items increased; however, in the 2D pattern, the front neck width and shoulder line showed no notable change. The shoulder point was raised vertically by 1cm, and the front and back shoulder heights of the 3D shape and 2D pattern were decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.76-89
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• 2012

This study was performed to offer the basic data for the design of farm shoes. 265 Korean female farmers aging between the 40s to the 80s volunteered for this study and we measured 40 items on each foot with the 3D foot scanner. First, the differences between farmers' feet and non-farmers' feet were analyzed. Farmers' feet were thicker in the instep areas, but had lower arch height than non-farmers' feet. In addition, farmer's feet were tilted to the inside. Next, eight factors were extracted among the 40 measuring items, and the classification criteria of the foot shape was analyzed. The important factors were: size of foot length and volume of ankle, malleolus height and size, volume of the front part of ankle, medial & lateral ball width, and vertical size of foot. Third, three clusters according to the foot shapes were categorized by cluster analysis of eight factor scores. Foot type 1 was medium in foot length, big in thickness, large in lateral ball width, small in toe 1 angle, and tilted to the inside. Foot type 2 was long and slim, and big in toe 5 angle. Foot type 3 was short in foot length, medium in volume of the front part of ankle, large in medial ball width, and big in toe 1 angle. Despite its shortness, foot type 3 was thick and showed severe deformation in toe 1. Lastly, the frequency distributions of the foot types in each age group were analyzed. Female farmers of the forties showed high frequency in type 1 and other age groups showed high frequency in type 2. The older female farmers showed higher frequency of type 3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2001

This study analyzes characterization and classification of body types of Mongolian women aged 18∼39 ages. The anthropometric measurements of the research subjects come up to a total of 23 items and are summarized as follows : 1. As the results of comparative analysis of the body measurements by age group, 16 items show a significant difference except shoulder height, thigh girth, neck base girth, back length shoulder length, sleeve length and weight. Both age group are considered to be of average weight but 25 to 39 age group were slightly greater than that of the 18 to 24 age group. 2. As the results of factor analysis, 4 factors such as the first factor on the obesity of body, the second factor on the vertical size of body, the third factor on the back length, the forth factor on the shoulder width and neck base girth were extracted. 3. As the results of classification based on the duster analysis, the body types were classified into 3 types in each age group. In each age group the most frequent body type is average stature and slightly thin type.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2016

This study classified the lower body types of female adults aged 18 to 69. The lower body was divided into front, lateral front, and lateral back. In order to understand the shape and somatotype of each segment, 592 people were analyzed based on girth, height, length, depth, width, angle and cross section distance for each segment. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 was performed for descriptive statics, principal component analysis, K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test (as verification). Factor analysis was performed based on index values, calculation values, angles, and cross section distances. The measured items resulted in a.) 16 items were extracted to 5 factors in the case of the front factor (FF) of the lower body, and b.) 24 items were extracted to 6 factors in the case of lateral front factor (LFF) and lateral back factor (LBF). Each factor was put through K-means cluster analysis, classifying the lower bodies into one of four types of based on the front type (FT), the lateral front type (LFT), and the lateral back type (LBT) respectively. This study proposed an understanding of various lower body shapes by segmenting and classifying the lower body shapes for each type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the development of the quality of brassiere featuring a good wearing feeling and an effect of reinstating and correcting breast shape. For this purpose, 220 adult women aged between 20 and 59 were sampled to survey their actual breast shapes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1 According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast point were drooped. So volume and bottom are3 of breast of 40.50′s women′s age group were larger than 20.30′s women′s age group and breast point width of 40.50′s women was being wider by increase of interior dimensions of breast. 2. The components of adult women′s breast shape can be categorized into "obesity of breast", "upper dimensions of breast and drop", "lower dimensions of breast and drop", "location of breast point and vertical size of breast", "interior dimensions of breast", "exterior dimensions of breast" Such components of breast shape very in terms of weight or apparence depending on ages. Older women tend to have more droopy and widen breasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1977

'Adolescence' is a critical period in the process of growing and aging but important in that an adolescent becomes aware of and begins to look about him or her self. Especially with girls in their late teens (15$\~$18), they pay more attention to their looks and clothes than the boys do, which affects to some extent the formation of their personality and their behavior. From this point .of view. it is significant to establish the standard size of high-school girls' clothes. This study aims to measure high-school girls in size and to establish the standard size of their clothes; furthermore. to enable them to lead a satisfactory living with more appropriate size of clothes. The results, analyzed by two different representing items which resulted in little difference, are as belows: 1) Stature had a significant correlation with posterior waist height; bust girth had the most significant correlation with weight. and also some considerable correlation with other representing items; 2) The F-test result showed significant difference on $1\%$ level over all the items between the measured (Y) and the estimated (Y); the correlation among the representing items was considerable also; 3) When the measurement increases in stature by 4cm, bust girth by 4cm. and posterior shoulder width by 2cm respectively, the increase or decrease in other items are as shown on Table 4. Since this study was carried out in girls' high-schools in Seoul, it is expected to extend its further study throughout the nation. thus contributing to comprehending the whole truth of people's body-size and promoting the fabrication and modelling of the original clothes for the nation by the strict standard size up to making ready-made clothes with no difficulty in setting the standard and model size.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to analyze the pattern of human developmental growth with empirical anthropometric data for the establishment of the sizing system of junior high school student\`s uniforms. The sample size was 881 boys and 762 girls between age 12 and 14. An anthropometric database used for this study was the 1992 national anthropometric survey of Korea. The result obtained are as follows ; 1. Several items of anthropometric data on junior high school students students showed significant differences in accordance with age and sex. In the meantime, there was no difference on the item of height under the age of 12 between sex, however, significant difference on that age of 13 or over. The hip girth was the biggest growth rate among tyhe item of girth. The somatotype of boys is straight, while girls\` shows a curved line. The bodytype of girls shows slim waist, fat belly and hip girth. 2. The result of factor analysis indicated that the first factor was composed with girth, depth and width-measures, and the second factor of height, length-measures. The third factors were consisted of items of representing bodytype of trunk, and the fourth, bodytype of lower part of trunk. 3. The result of cluster analysis indicated that boys were sybdivided into 3 types and girls 4 types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.224-236
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• 2020

In this study, the 4th (1997) and 6th (2013) direct measurements of Size Korea compared the changing shape of women between the ages of 12 and 18. Comparing the items of height and length, the height and shoulder height were significantly reduced, the waist height was not significantly different, and the height of the upper hip was significantly increased, resulting in a smaller upper torso ratio and a higher lower torso rate. The width and thickness associated with human obesity, the circumference items and obesity levels often increased significantly with the change of the times, indicating that the overall body size was increased and that the chest area was changed to a cylindrical shape with changes in the breast equilibrium. Comparing agespecific measurements with graphs analyzing the trend of change in growth, the results showed that the change in 1997 was minimal since age 14; however, a continuous increase was achieved in 2013 that corresponded to the age at which growth is complete. The results of these studies are expected to be used as basic data to predict pattern design, body implementation, and trends in shape changes for young women.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-71
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to derive an appropriate knitting method that can increase the appearance, wearability, and functionality through empirical research on the sleeve height knitting ratio of seamless knit wear. The study was conducted by producing seven types of experiment clothes according to knitting ratio to examine the characteristics according to the body armhole and sleeve height ratio. Specifically, after fit evaluatins, variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed to analyze the results of the evaluation, and the evaluated contents were converted into data. Among them, the items with significant results were intensively studied using the Duncan-test. The result showed that the height and the width of the sleeves vary depending on the knitting ratio. Test sweater A was the highest at 16cm, followed by test sweater B, test sweater C, test sweater D, test sweater E, test sweater F, and test sweater G at 4cm. The 1:1 ratio of test sweater A, was the highest, which is knitted in the same course as the body. The larger the difference in the ratio of body and sleeve, the lower the height of the sleeves. As a result of the appearance sensory evaluation, a significant difference was confirmed in the result values (p<0.001) from all items on the front, side, and rear. Specifically, the appearance of the test sweater B(2:4:2) on the front and test sweater C(2:4:3) on the side and rear side was the best. When the sleeves height is properly set, the ratio of the arm line to fit the design with a natural curve is analyzed as a very important factor. The results of this study are expected to be of practical use in product development and production that can increase the feeling when wearing and design satisfaction.