• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

보행 시 지면에 대한 수직력에 대한 전단력의 비율, 즉 보행자가 사용한 마찰계수(UCOF)는 미끄러짐 발생 가능성 있는 시점을 식별하는데 사용된다. 신발보행은 신발창 두께와 경도, 뒤꿈치 모양, 밑창 문양 등의 신발 디자인이 사용마찰계수를 변화시킬 것이다. 본 연구에서는 보행 시 신발 착용 유무에 따른 사용마찰계수(UCOF) 차이를 분석하기 위해 성인남녀 21명(여자 10명, 남자 11명, 나이: $25.2{\pm}2.3yrs$, 키: $165.6{\pm}7.2cm$, 몸무게: $62.2{\pm}7.8kg$)을 대상으로 보행속도, 지면반력, 사용마찰계수(UCOF) 최대 시점, CoP-CoM-수직선 각도의 차이를 알아보고, 사용마찰계수(UCOF)와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 보행 시 신발 착용으로 인해 체중수용기(제동기)의 더 이른 시점에 사용마찰계수가 최대치에 도달하고, 또 그 크기도 증가한다. 둘째, CoP-CoM의 Tangent 값과 사용마찰계수(UCOF1)와의 상관관계는 오른발 제동 초기시점(UCOF1_h)보다 추진 후기에 발생하는 왼발(다음발) 착지시점(UCOF2_h)에서 더 높은 상관관계를 보여, 제동기 보다는 추진기(다음 발 제동기)와의 연관성을 시사한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

파킨슨 환자들이 장애물에 걸려서 넘어지는 것은 위험한데, 아직까지 이와 관련된 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 장애물 보행을 성공적으로 수행한 5명을 대상으로, 4가지 높이(0, 2.5, 5.2, 15.2cm)의 장애물을 넘을 때 나타나는 보행 특성의 차이를 밝히는 것이다. 연구결과, 파킨슨 환자들은 장애물 높이가 높아질수록 장애물에 더 천천히 접근하였으며, 장애물의 높이가 높을수록 발이 장애물에 걸리지 않도록 더 높이 발을 들어 넘었다. 또한, 파킨슨 환자들은 장애물의 높이가 높을수록 더 안정되게 넘기 위해서 좌.우발 사이의 거리를 넓게 해서 넘었다. 파킨슨 환자들은 각 장애물별로 넘는 속도를 일정하게 하고, 장애물을 넘기 전 왼발 앞꿈치와 장애물과의 수평거리 및 장애물과 장애물을 넘은 오른발 뒷꿈치와의 수평거리에서 차이가 없이 장애물을 넘었다. 이와 같은 특성이 파킨슨 환자들이 장애물을 넘는 일반적인 전략인 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 파킨슨 환자들은 장애물을 천천히, 조심스럽게, 그리고 비효율적으로 넘는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiographic results of open reduction and internal fixation for intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 20 cases of calcaneal fractures managed with open reduction and internal fixation from March 2003 to January 2005. We used the computed tomographic classification system proposed by Sanders et al to classify these fractures. Preoperative and postoperative Bohler's angle, heel height (calcaneal facet height) and calcaneal length, calcaneal width were measured. The Creighton-Nebraska Health Foundation Assessment score was used for clinical evaluation. Results: There were 12 cases of type II fractures, 5 of type III fractures and 3 of type IV fractures. The mean clinical score was 84.3 for type II, 82.6 for type III and 56.1 for type IV. The mean preoperative $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle was $6.1^{\circ}$ and final was $22.8^{\circ}$. The mean preoperative calcaneal facet height was 76.6 mm and final was 80.3 mm (The mean calcaneal facet height was changed from preop 76.6 mm to postop 80.3 mm). The mean preoperative calcaneal length was 88.2 mm and final was 92.6 mm. The mean preoperative width was 38.1 mm and final was 35.6 mm. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation showed good results for type II and III fractures, but for type IV fractures the clinical result was significantly worse than the other types. However, type IV fractures still had restoration of (should be restored in) $B{\ddot{o}}hler's$ angle, calcaneal facet height, calcaneal length and width which may be helpful in later subtalar fusion.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2009

The foot type is classified into normal, high or low arch according to either foot print or medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Plantar fasciitis, heel pain, Achilles tendinitis, stress fracture, metatarsalgia, knee pain, shin splint pain, and etc are common foot disorders and associate to the foot type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several suggested bony inclination used to classified the abnormal foot and if the arch index (AI) was correlated with foot morphology. Lateral view and dorso-plantar view of radiographic images and flatbed scanner measurements obtained from 57 college students were analyzed. Results showed that AI measured in this study was higher than Caucasian Americans and European, but similar with African. The ethnic origin could influent the AI distribution. The AI provided a simple quantitative means of assessing the structure of lateral and medial longitudinal arches. The correlation coefficients of true bone height with AI could be further improved by normalized foot width rather than foot length. AI also demonstrated as a good indicator of inclination between calcaneus-fifth metatarsal (CalM5) and calcaneus-first metatarsal (CalX), it is a good means to classify the foot type.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2014

This study identifies the foot side shapes of elderly men by classifying foot types according to 3D foot shapes and analyzing individual characteristics. The subjects were 284 elderly men over 60 years of age who lived in Gwangju and did not have foot related diseases. They were measured with a scanner (Nexcan$^{(R)}$ of K&I Technology) to obtain three dimensional feet shapes. Anthropometric measuring items consisted of 28 items estimated on the right foot of each subject. 3D scan data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as factor analysis, ANOVA and cluster analysis using the statistical program SPSS 19.0. A total of 7 factors were extracted through a factor analysis and these factors represent 77.56% of total variance. The 8 factors were: inside height and side gradient, ankle thickness, size from foot center to ankle, lateral malleolus height, forefoot height, instep and heel height and gradient. A total of 3 clusters (as foot type) were categorized using 7 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was classified as high forefoot and low midfoot compared to the length. Type 2 was classified as low forefoot and high midfoot, and type 3 was classified as low forefoot and low midfoot.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation coefficients between anthropometric parameters of the foot and kinetic variables during running. Method: This study was conducted on 21 healthy young adults (age: $24.8{\pm}2.1yes$, height: $177.2{\pm}5.8cm$, body mass: $73.3{\pm}7.3kg$, foot length: $256.5{\pm}12.3mm$) with normal foot type and heel strike running. To measure the anthropometric parameters, radiographs were taken on the frontal and sagittal planes, and determined the length and width of each segment and the navicular height. Barefoot running was performed at a preferred velocity ($3.0{\pm}0.2m/s$) and a fixed velocity (4.0 m/s) on treadmill (Bertec, USA) in order to measure the kinetic variables. The vertical impact peak force, the vertical active peak force, the braking peak force, the propulsion peak force, the vertical force at mid-stance (vertical ground reaction when the foot is fully landed in mid-stance or at the point where the weight was uniformly distributed on the foot) and the impact loading rate were calculated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between anthropometric variables and kinetical variables. The significance level was set to ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: At the preferred velocity running, the runner with longer forefoot had lower active force (r=-.448, p=.041) than the runner with short forefoot. At the fixed velocity, as the navicular height increases, the vertical force at full landing moment increases (r= .671, p= .001) and as the rearfoot length increases, the impact loading rate decreases (r=- .469, p= .032). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the length of fore-foot and rearfoot, and navicular height. Therefore it was conclude that anthropometric properties need to be considered in the foot study. It was expected that the relationship between anthropometric parameters and kinetical variables of foot during running can be used as scientific criteria and data in various fields including performance, injury and equipment development.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2002

For the purpose of investigating the factor of foot and calf growth of primary-school children who are fast-growing during this period a group of the 1st graders of primary-school had been the subject of this measurement in 1995 and there after they became the subject again in 1997, 1999 when they were the 3th, 5th graders measurement was carried out in 30 items including status and weight and marthin-type measure and foot-print were used for this measurement as the result, stature is correlated with height items and length items of foot and calf weight is correlated with width and circumference items of foot and calf angle of the first toe showed the highest growth like 3rd graders, heel circumference had rapidly grown rather than in the part of foot circumference in the factor analysis df foot measurement of 10-year, the first, second factors, appeared the size of shoes, in case of 12-year the first factor with status appeared the size of shoes.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the body alignment during standing on level and wedge board. Twenty healthy college students (8 females, 12 males) were evaluated in this study. Diagnostic contourline potographic imaging system (Model JTC-1, Jodang Trading Co.) was used to measure body alignment. Sagittal and frontal plane images were used to analyze the body alignment. The result showed that the cervical and lumbar lordotic curve significantly decreased during standing on wedge board when compared with standing on level. On the other hand, thoracic kyphosis significantly increased during standing on wedge board. There was no significant difference in body alignment according to gender, weight, and height. Clinically, patients with low back pain and severe lordosis may be affected by heel wedge. Further study is needed to identify whether the standing on wedge board can change the body alignment in patients with low back pain and spinal deformity.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.186-189
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• 2002

The footwear such as socks and shoes is the clothing which are necessary to our life. In this study, clothing comfort of the footwear was carried out by physiological responses and subjective evaluation. As a result, the effect to walking comfort by the height of a heel in female shoes became clear. Then suitability evaluation system of shoes was proposed from the measuring results. On the other hands, the clothing comfort of the hosiery was evaluated from ECG analysis. By this analysis, it became clear that the factor which influences the clothing comfort of the hosiery was the clothes pressure in the hosiery. In the future, plane shape of the foot and solid shape must be considered in order to design the hosiery.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to the kinetic variables effects from the use of arch support inserts on low-arched people. We selected 10 people for the research and separated them into 2 groups, 5 people for the normal arched group and 5 people for the low arched group. Each group wear shoes which have a 3 step convertible arch support (level 0, level 2, level 5) and we measured their foot pressure and 3D motion analysis data. As a result, we found that the mean pressure at the heel of the low arched group was decreased when using the arch supports. The arch support induced the correct grounding area for the foot and dispersion of foot pressure. 3D motion analysis found that as the height of the arch support was increased, the movement of the Y-axis(inversion-eversion) was increased to relieve the shock to the heel. The arch support insert limited the range of motion(ROM) of the Z-axis(abduction-adduction) of the low arched person's ankle joint and prevented ankle injury caused by the excessive eversion when walking. Low arched people are seen to be easily tired due to the ineffective shock absorption of the knees and abnormal walking motion. In order to improve the problems, a 3 step convertible arch support(level 5) insert would improve the low-arched people's walking ability. In other words, the low arched people should be expected to walk as well as normal arched people when they wear shoes with the arch support insert.