• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.619-630
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• 2015

This study was conducted to propose the methodology of human risk assessment specialized to domestic mine areas and to quantify the human risk of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) contamination around two abandoned metal mines. To attain the goals, we established a relevant exposure scenario, including 7 exposure pathways and extracted a variety of exposure factors reflecting the characteristics of inhabitants around abandoned metal mine areas. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were compared between two areas, exposure pathways, heavy metal contaminants, and receptors. The total excess carcinogenic risks of two mine areas of concern were calculated to be larger than the acceptable carcinogenic risk ($1{\times}10^{-6}$), indicating those two areas are not safe for carcinogenic hazard. In addition, the hazard indices of two areas were computed to be higher than unit risk (1), suggesting that the areas of concern have non-carcinogenic risk. Ingestion of crop and intake of groundwater were evaluated to be main exposure pathways contributing to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks within the areas. Also, the results show that carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards were mostly attributed to As and As, Cd, and Pb, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2021

This study was on leaching test(KSLT) of the aggregate for the products to evaluate the characteristics of contaminants and the possibility of contamination arising from the aggregate. On the basis pH, conductivity, turbidity, TN, TP, COD and heavy metal contents in the aggregate increased as the particle size of the aggregate was smaller. The pH appeared to be 9.9~11.4 which is relatively higher than soil, however, heavy metal has investigated within the 1 region's standard value of soil pollution standards. From the leaching test, there is strong indication that the risk of pollution due to elution of pollutants gets higher with the smaller grain size. Especially conductivity and turbidity are the potential water pollution source and recycled aggregates of 10mm or less could be a potential pollution source since it could elute soluble matters and suspended solid, but there is no proper management standard for them. As a result of evaluating water pollution possibility of the aggregate, the pH displayed in items with a very high possibility of contamination, TN and TP did in item with a low possibility of contamination and on the other hand the heavy metals did in item with a very low possibility of contamination.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2016

This study investigated spectral characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil samples in the vicinity of abandoned Boksu mine. Heavy metal concentrations including arsenic, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium were analyzed by XRF analysis. As a result, all of the soil samples excluding control sample were over-contaminated based on the counter measure standard. The XRD results revealed that quartz, kaolinite and smectite were detected for all of the soil samples and heavy metals in soil were adsorbed on clay minerals such as kaolinite and smectite. The spectral analyses confirmed that spectral reflectance of near-infrared and shorter portion of shortwave-infrared spectrum decreases as heavy metal concentration increases. Moreover, absorption depths at 2312 nm and 2380 nm, the absorption features of clay minerals, decreases with higher heavy metal concentration indicating adsorption of heavy metal ions with clay minerals. It indicates that spectral features and heavy metal contamination of soil samples have high correlations.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2011

Potential risk of heavy metals to various receptors including humans depends on the bioavailability of the heavy metals in soil. In this study, the heavy metal extraction methods using 0.1N HCl and aqua regia were compared with the Tessier's sequential extraction method to assess whether these two methods can be used to determine the plant-available heavy metal concentrations. The contamination characteristics of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) found in soils collected from 75 sites around the closed Janghang smelter were analyzed by extracting heavy metals using 0.1 N HCl, aqua regia, and the Tessier's sequential extraction method. The portion of metals bioavailable to plants is considered as the sum of the fraction 1 (exchangeable) and the fraction 2 (carbonates binding) of the Tessier's 5-step sequential extraction method, which were determined to be 3.1 ${\pm}$ 3.82, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.15, 20.6 ${\pm}$ 18.78, and 7.0 ${\pm}$ 6.48 mg/kg for Cu, Cd, Pb, and As, respectively, in this study. When the extraction using aqua regia and the Tessier's extraction method were compared, the extracted Cu and Pb concentrations did not show significant differences, whereas the extracted Cd and As concentrations showed significant differences. These results indicate that the portion of Cd and As in the fraction 5 of the Tessier's sequential extraction can not be extracted using aqua regia. Using aqua regia, which is the official test method, higher concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and As were extracted than the sum of the fraction 1 and 2. The results show that only 9, 40, 39 and 10% of Cu, Cd, Pb and As using aqua regia can be uptaken by plants (i.e., plant-available). Using 0.1N HCl, the portion of Cd equivalent to about 66% the fraction 1 could be extracted, while, with Pb, the portion of the fraction 1 and about 90% of the fraction 2 could be extracted. With As, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2 and 79% of the fraction 3 was extracted, while with Cu, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2, 3 and 20% of the fraction 4 was extracted using 0.1N HCl.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.56-64
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• 2013

After the law has been enacted for the prevention and recovery of mining damage in 2005, efforts of remediation have been started to recover heavy metal contaminated soils in agricultural land near mining sites. As part of an effort, the upper part of cultivation layer has been treated through covering up with clean soil, but the heavy metal contamination could be still spreaded to the surrounding areas because heavy metals may be remained in the lower part of cultivation layers. In this study, the most frequently occurring arsenic (As) contamination was selected to study in agricultural land nearby an abandoned metal mining site. We applied separation technologies considering the differences in the physical characteristics of soil particles (particle size, density, magnetic properties, hydrophobicity, etc.). Based on physical and chemical properties of arsenic (As) containing particles in agricultural lands nearby mining sites, we applied sieve separation, specific gravity separation, magnetic separation, and flotation separation to remove arsenic (As)-containing particles in the contaminated soil. Results of this study show that the removal efficiency of arsenic (As) were higher in the order of the magnetic separation, flotation separation, specific gravity separation and sieve separation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.711-720
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• 2003

To study characteristics of the heavy metal pollution, sediment samples were collected at 67 sites on the roadside of Jeonju city during summer and winter, 2002. The total concentration of metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the sediment samples were determined. The results indicate that the roadside sediments in Jeonju city have lower (1/2 to 1/7 times) concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd than the metal concentrations previously reported for roadside soil, dust and sewage sludges in Seoul. However, the metal concentrations are higher than environmental quality criteria in soil suggested from several countries, and Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents are usually 2-7 times higher than the world average contents of the metals in natural soil. Although pollution index and concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the roadside sediments at industrial area were usually higher than those of downtown and residential area, the metal having small vehicle- and steel-related industries had high concentrations of metals. The results of chemical partitioning analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Mn are mainly associated with carbonate/adsorbed and Fe-Mn oxide phases but that Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulfide fractions. It thus indicates that both large and small (vehicle- and steel-related) industries are main sources of heavy metal contamination. Due to high solubility of the carbonate phases by natural leaching episodes, the carbonate/adsorbed Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in the roadside sediments may serve as a potential source of contamination.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.422-425
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• 2005

Spectral characteristics depending on soil constituents and their proportion in a soil were firstly studied for monitoring of soil contamination using hyperspectral remote sensing. The reflectance spectra of heavy metals in soils were investigated in the VIS-NIR-SWIR regions (400-2500 nm) to observe spectral variation as a function of constituents and concentrations. Commercial kaolinite soils mixed with lead, copper, arsenic, and cadmium were used as synthetic soil samples for spectral measurement. In case of copper, relatively spectrally active regions was observed with some band shift whereas other heavy metals had only simple spectral variations expected to be related to the sorption phase and the amount of metal onto kaolinite. The reflectance spectrum of each metal on kaolinite could be identified in VIS-NIR region.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

In order to study the general characteristics of reservoir and stream sediments, various analysis tests were conducted. Water contents and ignition loss were measured to know the primary sediment characteristics. The COD, total phosphorus and nitrogen were contained for the determination of organic substance content. For the purpose of establishing the contamination degree of heavy metals, some heavy metal contents were investigated. In heavy metal contents, reservoir sediments showed somewhat higer value than stream sediments. As a result, the reservoir sediment content of all analysis items were higher than stream sediment.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Civil and military firing ranges are usually contaminated with heavy metals such as lead and copper and remediation is required. Acid washing and extraction are common remediation methods. Lead contaminated firing range soil samples were collected and a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the contamination and the contribution of high specific gravity particles. Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA) extraction was applied for the removal of heavy metal but the extraction was not feasible for the firing range soil. Even after the repeated EDTA extraction, the contamination were still over the Korean environmental standard indicating that soil particles highly contaminated with heavy metal which release the heavy metal ion even after the repeated extraction. Some colored and higher specific gravity particles were separated from the soil samples and analyzed. The colored particles have specific gravity of 2.5-6.6. The saturation ratio of Pb and EDTA was 4.9-32%. After removal of these colored particles, the sandy soil showed moderate contamination which can be treated with soil washing. This was proved with the five-level sequential extraction and TCLP tests.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This study was on leaching test(KSLT, TCLP) of the aggregate for the products(RA-1) and for the site(RA-2) to evaluate the characteristics of contaminants and the possibility of contamination arising from the aggregate. On the basis pH, conductivity and heavy metal contents in the aggregate, RA-1 indicated higher than RA-2. As a result of the leaching test, the pollutants were eluted from the aggregate increased as the particle size of the aggregate was smaller. The pH in the aggregate had a strong alkali by a pH value of 9.0~12.3, the conductivity was higher in less than 10mm RA-1 due to the leaching of dissolved inorganic ions. The heavy metals satisfied the leaching standards of KSLT and less 10% was eluted from the aggregate. As a result of evaluating water pollution possibility of the aggregate, the pH displayed in items with a very high possibility of contamination, conductivity and turbidity did in item with a low possibility of contamination and on the other hand the heavy metals did in item with a very low possibility of contamination.