• 공업화학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2016

지구상에는 1조 6880억 배럴의 원유매장량으로 현재 추세로 채굴하면 향후 53.3년 채굴 가능할 것으로 예측되고 있다. OPEC은 원유값이 10년 내에는 $100이 넘지 않을 것으로 예상하지만, 감산 정책의 정치적 이슈가 등장하면 원유값은 급격히 상승할 수도 있다. 따라서 일반 원유의 고갈에 대비해 비재래형 원유자원인 오일샌드나 비튜맨과 같은 중질유에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 중질유는 일반적으로 레진이나 아스팔텐이라 부르는 탄소수가 60이 넘는 분자량이 높은 화합물 함량이 높아 점도가 높고 끓는점이 높다. 일반 원유를 감압 증류할 때 부생되는 감압잔사유(vacuum residue)는 물리화학적 물성들이 중질유와 비슷하다. 중질유의 채굴을 위해서는 점도를 낮추는 기술이 중요한데 본 리뷰논문은 상업적으로 사용되고 있는 aquathermolysis 기술을 검토하여 보았고 감압잔사유에 적용하여 보았다. 감압잔사유에는 니켈(Ni)과 바나듐(V)과 같은 전이금속이 함유되어 있는데, 이를 고도화하기 위해서는 전이금속 제거가 선행되어야 한다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 감압잔사유로부터의 전이금속 제거 기술에 대한 최근 연구결과를 정리하여 보았다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

Due to the development of the petroleum refining technology and continuously increased demand from markets, a quantity of gasoline and diesel oil produced from a restricted quantity of crude oil has been increasing, and residual fuel to be used at marine diesel engines has been gradually becoming low quality. As a result, it was recently reported that trouble oils which cause abnormal combustion such as knocking with extreme noise and misfire from internal combustion engines were increasing throughout the world. In this study, an author investigated ignitability and combustion quality by using combustion analyzer with constant volume(FCA, Fuel Combustion Analyzer) and middle speed diesel engine about MDO(Marine Diesel Oil), HFO(Heavy Fuel Oil), LCO(Light Cycle Oil) and Blend-HFO which was blended LCO of 1000 liters with HFO of 600 liters. Moreover, for betterment of ignitability and combustion quality of injected fuels, multi-injection experiment was carried out in the diesel engine using Blend-HFO. According to the results of FCA analysis, ignitability and combustion quality was bad in the order of MDO

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 1986

流出油는 GC分析에 의한 油指紋法(Oil Fingerprinting Method)으로 流出原因油와 比較分析하여 識別한다. 一般的으로는 GC에 의하여 飽和炭化水素, 黃化合物을 分離分析한다. 그러나, 기름의 成分은 複雜하고 流出된 상태에 따라 成分組成이 변하므로 어느 한 成分의 分析에 의한 識別보다는 여러성분에 대한 多角的인 分析에 의한 識別方法이 要求된다. 本 硏究에서는 原油, 重油中에 含有되 어 있는 多環芳香族 炭化水素를 分離分析하였다. 이들은 比較的 安定하기 때문에 時 化의 영향을 적게 받는다. GC에 의한 多環芳香族 炭化水素 分析은 産油地 判別 및 油種을 識別할 수 있는 油脂紋法의 한 方法이다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 공동학술발표회
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• pp.235-235
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• 2017

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2014

Asphaltenes are generally defined by their solubility when a light alkane, such as n-heptane or n-pentane, is mixed with crude oils or oil sand bitumen. However, this definition is nowadays not enough to understand their behaviors during oil recovery, transport, storage, and even refinery operation. Interestingly, the researches regarding asphaltenes have been vastly presented within last decade. This is because the production of heavy oils is becoming larger and asphaltenes are known to play an important role in the property changes of heavy oils. In this paper, the researches regarding molecular weight, aggregation behavior of asphaltenes are introduced and discussed. It is expected that analytical studies will be appeared continuously in the form of global collaboration in order to describe asphaltene molecules as close as possible based on their origin.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

The average sulfur content of crude oil is 2.2%. Coal is about 0.3 to 4.0 percent of the sulfur gases or particles being discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney as 1 to 2% $SO_3$(Sulfur trioxide) and about 95% of the $SO_2$ is reported. $SO_3$ gas, which has many different causes of, as the combustion of sulfur containing fuel during the air due to the excess $SO_2$ gas is oxidized to $SO_3$ gas. Sulfur trioxide emitted from high sulfur heavy oil fired boiler caused white plume in stack and high temperature and cold end corrosion of facilities. So, in order to control sulfur trioxide concentration of Fuel gas in boiler, various of additives are used in other foreign. They are injected to Fuel Oil and consumed in boiler and reduce ash and the conversion rate of sulfur trioxide. In domestic, MgO compounds are used as additives but the total volume of them are made from other foreign company. In this study, MgO compounds were developed with liquid MgO compounds and field application was accomplished. The effect of newly developed chemicals and process were nearly equal to foreign products. In Consequent, the chemicals and process produced by newly developed technology can be substituted for foreign products and reduce the cost of plant operation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1970

석유탄화수소 이용미생물연구의 일환으로서 미생물에 의한 세포단백질생산의 목적으로 전국각지 135 개지역에서 주유소 세차장의 유침(油浸)토양을 비롯 석탄, 논밭, 하천토양등 242종을 수집하고 이시료로부터 석유탄화수소를 유일한 유기탄소원으로 이용하는 효모 468균주를 분리하였고 분리된 효모균주의 증식율(增殖率)을 screening 하여 우수균주를 선정하였다. 선정된 효모에 대하여 동정(同定) 및 배양 최적 조건의 검토 그리고 효모균체의 성분분석을 한 결과 다음과 같다. 1) 석유탄화수소 이용효모중 90.8%가 주유소및 세차장등 유침토양에서 나머지 10%가 석탄, 작토(作土) 하천토양에서 분리되였다. 2) 분리선정된 가장 우수한 효모균주는 주유소의 유침토양에서 분리됐고 Candida curvata HY-69-19로 동정되었다. 3) 분리선정된 Candida curvata HY-69-19는 optimum pH 5.0, optimum temperature $28^{\circ}C$, aerobic condition에서 균증식율이 컸다. 4) Candida curvata HY-66-19는 유기탄소원으로 petroleum fraction 중 비중이 0.8654이고 비점이 $268.9^{\circ}C$ 이상의 fraction인 heavy gas oil을 잘이용하며 무기질소원으로$(NH_2)_2CO$가 증식율과균체세포생산에 최적임을 알었다. 5) 분리선정된 이효모는 heavy gas oil 배지에서 lag phase 18시간, logarithmic growth phase 24시간${\sim}$42시간 사이며 이 때의 generation time은 3.8${\sim}4.5$시간이었다. 6) 분리선정된 이 효모는 heavy gas oil 및 $(NH_2)_2CO$ 배지로 54시간 pH 를 6시간마다 조정하면서 진탕배양하여 300mg/ml. H.G,0.의 건조균체를 생산하였다. 7) Candida curvata HY-69-19의 균체성분은 조단백질 40.25%, 조지방 14.81%,탄수화물 24.32% 회분 10.63%이었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.7.1-7.9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between crude oil exposure and physical symptoms among residents participating in clean-up work associated with the Hebei Spirit oil spill, 2007 in Korea. Methods: A total of 288 residents responded to a questionnaire regarding subjective physical symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics and clean-up activities that occurred between two and eight weeks after the accident. Additionally, the urine of 154 of the respondents was analyzed for metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. To compare the urinary levels of exposure biomarkers, the urine of 39 inland residents who were not directly exposed to the oil spill were analyzed. Results: Residents exposed to oil remnants through clean-up work showed associations between physical symptoms and the exposure levels defined in various ways, including days of work, degree of skin contamination, and levels of some urinary exposure biomarkers of VOCs, metabolites and metals, although no major abnormalities in urinary exposure biomarkers were observed. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a relationship between crude oil exposure and acute human health effects and suggests the need for follow-up to evaluate the exposure status and long-term health effects of clean-up participants.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1985

海洋에 기름이 流出되면 蒸發, 溶解, 酸化 및 미생물 分解等의 영향을 받는다. 그러므로 GC에 의한 탄화수소와 黃化合物을 分析하기 위하여 人工的으로 經時變化 시키면서 시료을 채취하였다. GC분석결과 시료유는 저마다의 독특한 형태의 Chromatogram을 나타내고 있다. 탄화수소 중의 低비점 성분의 Peak는 시간이 경과하면서 감소하고 있다. 그러나 FPD에 의해 黃化合物을 分析한 Chromatogram 은 비교적 經時變化의 영향을 적게 받고있다. GC에 의한 탄화수소 및 黃化合物 分析法은 流出油를 비교 分析하여 汚染源을 識別하는데 重要한 方法이다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2001

A pitch precursor for a general purpose carbon fiber was prepared by condensation of pyrolized fuel oil (petroleum residual oil) with bromine under nitrogen blowing. such a condensation raised the softening point of the pitch from 4$0^{\circ}C$ to $265^{\circ}$ with a yield of 43%. The pitch precurosr showed an enhanced aromaticity and enlarged molecular size, which led to a reduction in molecular mobility and optical isotropy. The precursor was spun into fibers of $20\mu\textrm{m}$ diameter at a take-up speed of 700m/min. The fiber was stepwise stabilized in air and carbonized in Ar gas to obtain an isotropic carbon fiber. The carbon fiber exhibited tensile strengths of 500-800 ㎫though the fiber was formed via a crude method. The electric conductivity of the carbon fiber was relatively high, 2.2$\times$$10^2$S/cm, sufficient to be used as electrode materials.