• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2015

This study investigated the pharmacodynamics of betaine on the blood profile and short chain fatty acid levels in meat ducks exposed to heat wave. 400 heads of Cherry valley (Anasplatyrhynchos) meat ducks were completely randomized to 5 treatments (4 repetitions each), and were raised for 42 days. They were grouped into T1 (heat wave control group without betaine), T2 (betaine 400 ppm), T3 (betaine 800 ppm), T4 (betaine 1200 ppm), and T5 (normal control group without betaine). Compared to T1, the betaine addition groups showed higher body weight gain at shipment, with T3 showing the highest significant difference. For hematological indictors measured (red blood cells and platelets), the betaine addition groups showed significantly higher values than the heat wave control group. The pH of the former was lower but their electrolytes ($K^+$, $P^+$, and $Cl^-$) were significantly higher compared to the latter. For blood gas concentration, the former showed a significantly higher value than the latter. For the total short chain fatty acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid, the betaine addition groups and group fed broiler-high temperature diet showed higher values than the heat wave control group. On the other hand, the former showed significantly lower values in butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid than the latter group. These results suggest that betaine has the pharmacodynamics that mediate heat stress, via the maintenance and control of the blood profile, osmotic pressure, gas concentration, and short chain fatty acid, of meat ducks under heat wave.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.89-113
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• 2023

본 연구는 폭염 취약지역을 도출하고, 폭염 피해와의 공간적 일치성 분석을 통해 공간 유형화 및 정책적 방향성에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 IPCC의 기후변화 취약성 평가와 공간통계 비교분석을 활용하였으며, 폭염이 가장 극심했던 2018년을 포함하는 5개년(2015~2019)의 전국 시군구를 대상으로 하였다. 폭염 취약성은 다양한 요소 중 폭염 영향을 나타내는 폭염일수(노출)가 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 폭염에 대한 민감도와 적응 능력은 지역의 특성에 따라 경향성이 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 폭염 취약성과 피해의 관계는 공간적 일치성을 통해 4개 유형으로 구분하였으며, 취약성과 피해가 정의 관계를 가지는 Hot to Hot, Cold to Cold 유형과 역의 관계를 가지는 Hot to Cold, Cold to Hot 유형을 도출하였다. 이는 유형별로 지역의 특성과 현황이 상이하므로 유형에 따라 개선을 위한 정책과 연구의 방향성을 달리 설정해야 한다는 시사점을 남긴다. 해당 연구는 폭염 취약성과 피해를 함께 고려하여 지역을 유형화하고, 유형별 대응 방향성에 대해 살펴본 점에서 추후 폭염 관련 정책 수립에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

In these days, many advanced nations have enforced import restrictions against things emitting electromagnetic wave which has report that it is so harmful. In general, electromagnetic wave is composed of electric wave and magnetic wave. The reflection of electromagnetic wave is mainly reflected by conductive materials and the magnetism loss is generated by magnetic ferrite. The magnetism loss of ferrite is separated by eddy current loss, residual magnetism loss and hysteresis loss. Thermal sprayed coating is intended to manufacture because of simple processes and high efficient electromagnetic wave shielding. The high efficient thermal sprayed coatings were made from the magnetic ferrite materials that characterizes absorption of electromagnetic wave, and the electric conductive materials that characterize emitting of electromagnetic wave. This study was manufactured thermal sprayed coatings to improve absorption-efficiency, and measured the electromagnetic wave shielding efficiency. As the experimental results, high electromagnetic wave shield efficiency was obtained at wave frequency 2GHz to thermal sprayed ferrite coatings manufactured by size distribution range of spray powders, $38~88\mu\textrm{m}$.

• 대기
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.505-518
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• 2010

We investigated the impacts of the diabatic heating location, vertical profile and basic state on the Rossby wave propagation. To examine the dynamical process of individual responses on the regional heat source, a dry version of the linear baroclinic model was used with climatological summertime (JJA) mean basic state and vertical structure of the diabatic heating for 1979-2008. Two sets of diabatic heating were constructed of those positioned in the mid-latitudes (Tibetan Plateau, eastern Mediterranean Sea, and the west-central Asia) and the tropics (the southern India, Bay of Bengal, and western Pacific). It was found that using the principal component analysis, atmospheric response to diabatic heating reaches to the steady state in 19th days in time. The prescribed mid-latitude forcing forms equivalent barotropic Rossby wave propagation along the westerly Asia jets, whereas the tropical forcing generates the Rossby wave train extending from the tropics to mid-latitudes. In relation to the maximum vertical profile, the mid-level forcing reveals a stronger response than the lower-level forcing, which may be caused by more effective Rossby wave response by the upper-level divergent flow. Under the different sub-seasonal mean state, both of the tropical and mid-latitude forcing induce the different sub-seasonal response intensity, due to the different basic-state wind.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1983

Internal heat generation is one of the insidious conditions affecting the quality of an industrial product after it is cast, coated, molded, forged or laminated. Frequently, the product is pressed into service before the exothermic chemical reactions in the generic material has been completed. The heat liberated from this continuing chemical reaction or the residual deformation from the rheological activities in the materials must be adequately removed or prevented, or the product may be discolored, warped, weakened or even "ignited" spontaneously. Numerous instances of premature structural failures, product-recalls, and/or system-malfunctions have been recorded in recent history. The Coulee Dam was poured with pre-chilled concrete just to negate this freakish encore. It is well-known that concrete (a non-isotropic conducting medium), for instance, takes 28 days to develop its full strength. During this period of curing it is conceivable that the processes of internal heat generation, heat conduction and heat dissipation take place simultaneously inside the medium.he medium.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

Objectives: Outdoor workers are exposed to thermally stressful work environments. In this study, heat stress indices for harbor workers in summer were calculated to evaluate thermal comfort based on a human heat balance model. These indices are Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Dehydration Risk (DhR), and Overheating Risk (OhR) according to respective stage of cargo work in a harbor. In addition, we constructed a forecast system to provide heat stress information. Methods: Thermophysiological indices in this study were calculated using the MENEX model (i.e. the human heat balance model), which used as inputs the meteorological parameters, clothing insulation, and metabolic rate for each stage of cargo work in the harbor of Masan over the course of seven days, including a four-day heat wave. The forecast heat stress information constructed for Masan harbor was based on meteorological data supported by the Dong-Nae Forecast from the KMA (Korea Metrological Administration) and other input parameters. Results: According to higher metabolic rate, thermophysiological indices showed a critical level. In particular, PST was evaluated as reaching the 'Very hot' or 'Hot' level during all seven days, despite the heat occurring over only four. It is important in a regard to consider the work environment conditions (i.e. labor intensity and clothing in harbor). On a webpage, the forecast thermophysiological indices show as infographics to be easily understand. This webpage is comprised of indices for both current conditions and the forecast, with brief guidance. Conclusion: Thermophysiological indices show the risk level to health during a heat wave period. Heat stress information could help to protect the health of harbor workers. Further, this study could extend the applicability of these indices to a variety of outdoor workers in consideration of work environments.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.427-438
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• 2015

폭염에 노출된 육용오리에서 짧은 사슬지방산(short chain fatty acid, SCFA), 혈액 프로파일 및 생산성에 관한 베타인 800 ppm 함유사료의 급여시기 별 차이를 조사하였다. 오리 (Cherry valley, Anas platyrhynchos) 240 마리를 4처리 3반복(반복 당 20마리)으로 완전임의배치 한 후 42일 간 사육하였다. 4개의 처리구는 C(베타인 무첨가 폭염 대조군), T1(베타인 800 ppm 사료 무제한 급여군), T2(베타인 800 ppm 사료 오전 05:00-10:00, 오후 17:00-20:00 제한급여군), T3(베타인 800 ppm 사료 17:00-10:00 야간 제한급여군)로 구분하였다. 42일령 체중은 T2, T1, T3 순서로 베타인 사료 급여시기 처리구가 폭염 대조군에 비해서 증가하였으나 T1, T3 사이의 유의차는 없었다. 사료요구율은 베타인을 함유하지 않은 사료의 무제한 급여 폭염 대조군이 베타인 사료의 급여시기 처리군에 비해서 높았으나 T1, T2, T3 사이의 유의차는 없었다. PLT, MPV를 제외한 적혈구 및 혈소판의 프로파일은 베타인 함유사료를 급여하는 시기에 따라서 통계적인 유의차가 인정되었다. 혈액 $K^+$를 제외한 $Na^+$, $Cl^-$은 베타인 함유사료를 오전, 오후로 구분하여 급여해준 T2가 다른 두 개의 처리군에 비해서 유의하게 높았다. 혈액 가스는 T2가 다른 두 개의 처리군에 비해서 일반적으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 총 SCFA, 초산, 프로피온산은은 T2가 다른 두 개의 처리군에 비해서 높은 경향을 보였으나 이와 반대로 뷰티르산, 이소뷰티르산, 발레르산, 이소발레르산은 일반적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과는 폭염에 노출된 오리에서 베타인 800 ppm을 함유하는 사료의 오전 05:00-10:00, 오후 17:00-20:00 급여가 베타인의 약리학적 기작을 통한 성장능력을 개선할 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

This study is to identify the heat vulnerability area as represented by heat risk factors which could be attributable to heat-related deaths. The heat risk factors were temperature, Older Adults(OA), Economic Disadvantage(ED), Accessibility of Medical Services(AMS), The population Single Person Households(SPH). The factors are follow as; the temperature means to the number of days for decades average daily maximum temperature above $31^{\circ}C$, the Older Adults means to population ages 65 and above, furthermore, the Economic Disadvantage means to the population of Basic Livelihood Security Recipients(BLSR), the Accessibility of Medical Services(AMS) means to 5 minutes away from emergency medical services. The results of the analysis are showed that the top-level of temperature vulnerability areas is Dong, the top-level of vulnerability OA areas is Eup, the top-level of AMS vulnerability is Eup. Moreover, the top-level of vulnerability ED area appears in the Eup and Dong. The result of analysing relative importance to each element, most of the Eup were vulnerable to heat. Since, there are many vulnerable groups such as Economic Disadvantage, Older Adults in the Eup. We can be figured out estimated the number of heat-related deaths was high in the Eup and Dong by the data of emergency activation in the Chungcheongnam-do Fire Department. Therefore, the result of this study could be reasonable.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.165-166
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• 2020

The climate on the Korean Peninsula has been warmed recently, abnormal weather conditions such as heat waves, cold waves, and tropical nights have been detected frequently. Precisely, the number of days with cold waves in the winter has increased, and rapid changes of temperature in the morning and afternoon have occurred frequently in the 2000s. Due to the previous phenomenons, this research is focused on evaluating the concrete's Chloride Penetration Resistance and Durability, and the difference of the resistance according to the W/C.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

극단적 폭염은 온대지역의 여름철 사망률과 유병률을 증가시키는 기상재해이다. 기후모델의 예측결과에 따르면 미래 폭염의 강도와 빈도는 더욱 증가할 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이 연구는 국내 7개 대도시의 폭염유발기단과 일 사망률의 증가와의 연관성을 제시하며, 이를 기반으로 운영 중인 고온건강경보시스템을 소개한다. 1982년에서 2007년까지 관측된 기후자료로부터 종관기단분류기법이 적용되어 각 도시의 여름철의 각 날에 대한 기단분류가 수행되었다. 폭염유발기단과 일 사망률 증가와의 연관성 연구 결과, 고온건조(DT) 기단과 고온다습+(MT+) 기단의 두 기단에서 가장 높은 사망률 증가 연관성이 관찰되었다. 따라서 DT와 MT+ 기단 내의 기상요소들을 이용하여 초과사망자수를 종속변수로 하는 중회귀 분석을 통한 초과사망자수 예측알고리즘이 제작되었다. 또한, 각 대도시들마다 다르게 나타나는 지역적인 기후순응 특성에 입각하여 각 도시별 예측알고리즘에서 사용되는 독립변수가 선정되고, 고온건강경보시스템의 고온건강주의보 및 경보 기준인 초과사망자수 기준이 설정되었다. 지구온난화 추세 하의 고온건강경보시스템은 대규모 건강이상을 야기할 수 있는 폭염에 대한 효과적인 정보를 대도시 시민들에게 제공할 것으로 기대된다.