• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.709-718
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to search for physical treatments to reduce allergenicity of pork. Physical treatments such as heating, autoclave, microwave, sonication, and irradiation have been used for food processing or reduction of allergenicity. The porcine serum albumin (PSA), known as a major allergen in pork, was extracted after physical treatments. The antigenicity of pork extracts by heating (80 and $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 min), autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, and 30 min), and microwave (for 5 and 10 min) was significantly decreased. Especially, the binding ability of p-IgG to pork extracts by autoclave for 30 min showed the greatest decrease (about 3%) in physical treatments. However, the antigenicity of pork was unaffected by sonication and irradiation treatment. These results indicated that the autoclave treatment was the most effective method to reduce the antigenicity of pork.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.444-450
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• 2001

Kochujang, fermented hot pepper paste, was treated with combined high hydrostatic pressure and heat. Viable cell counts and chemical compositions of Kochujang were determined as a function of high pressure processing conditions such as temperature, pressure and time, and during storage for 120 days at $37^{\circ}C$. Viable cell counts were decreased with the increase of temperature, pressure and time. Viable cell counts in the treated Kochujang were decreased up to $0{\sim}3$ log cycle with the temperature of $49{\sim}73^{\circ}C$, $0{\sim}3$ log cycle with the pressure of $380{\sim}680\;MPa$, and $2{\sim}5$ log cycle with the time of $10{\sim}70\;min$, compared with the untreated. pH, titratable acidity, amino nitrogen, reducing sugar and ethanol content in the treated Kochujang were comparable to the untreated regardless of the treatment condition. Hunter L, a and b values in the treated Kochujang were higher than those of the untreated. Viable cell counts were decreased with the increase of the storage period at $37^{\circ}C$. Viable cell counts in Kochujang treated at 380 MPa/30 min were decreased up to 2 log cycle from $1.8{\times}10^6\;to\;1.94{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ after 120 days of storage, while those at 680 MPa/70 min were not detected after 60 days from the initial stage of $4.00{\times}10^1\;CFU/g$. pH, amino nitrogen and ethanol content were decreased, and titratable acidity were increased significantly as the increase of the storage period. Hunter L, a and b values also decreased significantly. The changes in physicochemical properties of Kochujang treated at 680 MPa/70 min were greater than those at 380 MPa/30 min.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2003

Panax ginseng leaf tea was developed for the functional benefit of health, preference and convenience. The leaves of 4-year-old ginseng were selected in July and August. The ginseng leaf was treated by three methods : heat processed tea(HPT), aged tea(AGT) and hot-air dried tea(DRT). The contents and compositions of their crude saponin of ginseng leaves were measured. 1. The content of crude saponin of HPT was the higher than other treatments. The content of HPT was 18.72∼18.82％, ACT 18.24∼18.29％ and DRT 17.02∼17.17％. 2. The harvest time and treatment methods were not affect the composition of ginsenoside in ginseng leaf tea. The ginsenoside-Re was shown the highest value as 1.97∼2.15. And ginsenoside-Rd was 1.48∼1.79, -Rg$_1$ 1.33∼1.58 and -Rb, -Rb$_2$, -Rc in the order. 3. The content of protopanaxadiol(PD) and protopanaxatriol(PT) was shown that DRT was 1.11∼1.13, HPT 1.09～l.12 and AGT 0.92∼1.02. The content of PD and PT were shown similar result at any harvest time. 4. The contents of crude saponin extracted by hot-water at 5 min was the higher ratios in HPT and harvested in July than other treatments. The content of crude saponin of ginseng leaf harvested in July was 15.88% and HPT was 16.88%. The order of contents of ginsenoside were -Re, -Rd, -Rg$_1$, -Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$, and - Rc. The extraction ratio of crude saponin extracted by the circulated extraction method in 8 hours and 5 min extraction were 81.74∼84.38％. And HPT of ginseng leaf harvested in July was the highest value 84.3％ but the extraction ratio of ginsenoside was 78.00～88.13%. But the extraction ratio of ginsenoside was similar trend in all treatments.