• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1116-1126
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and its mRNA in the heart, liver, and kidney of acutely heat-stressed broilers at various stressing times. Male AA broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 birds per group. After 30 d of adaptive feeding at ambient temperature, 80 experimental broilers were suddenly heat stressed by increasing the environmental temperature from $22{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ to $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The 4 groups were heat stressed for 2, 3, 5, and 10 h, respectively. The localizations of Hsp70 protein and mRNA, determined by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, respectively, were demonstrated to be tissue dependent, implying that different tissues have differential sensibilities to heat stress. Intense Hsp70 staining was identified in the vascular endothelial cell of heart, liver and kidney, suggesting an association between expression of Hsp70 in vascular endothelial cell and functional recovery of blood vessels after heat shock treatment. Ante-mortem heat stress had a significant effect on the expression of Hsp70 protein and mRNA. The quantitation of Hsp70 protein and mRNA were both time and tissue dependent. During the exposure to heat stress, the heart, liver and kidney of broiler chickens exhibited increased amounts of Hsp70 protein and mRNA. The expression of hsp70 mRNA in the heart, liver and kidney of heat-stressed broilers increased significantly and attained the highest level after a 2-h exposure to elevated temperatures. However, significant elevations in Hsp70 protein occurred after 2, 5, and 3 h of heat stressing, respectively, indicating that the stress-induced responses vary among different tissues.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.228-236
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• 1998

달걀의 Allergenicity를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 강구하고자 물리적 처리, 축합 인산염 처리 및 효소처리를 하여 Guinea pig를 이용한 Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis(PCA) inhibition 실험과 Non Proteic Nitrogen(NPN)정량을 통한 가수분해율의 측정결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 달걀의 allergenicity는 가열에 의해 감소하였으며 가열시간이 길수록 단백질 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가 시켰다. Ultraviolet 조사와 Microwave 조사는 단백 가수분해율과 PCA inhibition을 증가 시켜서 allergenicity를 저하시켰으며 ultraviolet이 저해효과가 더 컸으며 부화 달걀은 allergenicity를 감소시키지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 효소처리는 단백질의 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가 시키며 allergenicity를 현저히 감소시켰으며 alcalase의 재해효과가 더 컸다. Polyphosphate의 참가는 단백질의 가수분해는 유도하지 않았으나 PCA inhibition을 증가 시키며 allergenicity를 감소시켰다. Allergenicity를 감소시키기 위한 처리를 한 달걀 gel의 주사전자현미경 사진은 효소처리 시 표면이 밝게 나타나서 단백질이 분해되었음을 알 수 있었고 neutrase가 alcalase보다 밝게 나타났으나 반응시간의 증가에 따라 모든 효소 표면이 밝게 나타났다. Instron에서 달걀 gel의 경도를 측정한 결과 효소와의 반응시간이 길수록 경도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2004

Estrogen may promote osteoblast/osteocyte viability by limiting apoptotic cell death. We hypothesize that hsp27 is an estrogen- regulated protein that can promote osteoblast viability by increasing osteoblast resistance to apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen treatment and heat shock on $TNF{\alpha}$ - induced apoptosis in the MC3T3-E1 cell line. Cells were treated with 0 - 100 nM $17{\beta}$ estradiol (or ICI 182780) for 0 - 24 hours before heat shock. After recovery, apoptosis was induced by treatment with 0 - 10 ng/ml TNF${\alpha}$. Hsp levels were evaluated by Northern and Western analysis using hsp27, hsp47, hsp70c and hsp70i - specific reagents. Apoptosis was revealed by in situ labeling with Terminal Deoxyribonucleotide Transferase (TUNEL). A 5 - fold increase in hsp27 protein and mRNA was noted after 5 hours of treatment with 10 - 20 nM $17{\beta}$ estradiol prior to heat shock. Increased abundance of hsp47, hsp70c or hsp70i was not observed. TUNEL indicated that estrogen treatment also reduced (50%) MC3T3-E1 cell susceptibility to $TNF{\alpha}$ - induced apoptosis. Treatment with hsp27-specific antisense oligonucleotides prevented hsp27 protein expression and abolished the protective effects of heat shock and estrogen treatment on $TNF{\alpha}$- induced apoptosis. Hsp27 is a determinant of osteoblast apoptosis, and estrogen treatment increases hsp27 levels in cultured osteoblastic cells. Hsp27 contributes to the control of osteoblast apoptosis and may be manipulated by estrogenic or alternative pathways for the improvement of bone mass.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제6권4호통권13호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1990

The emlsifying properties of small red bean protein isoates were evaluated through their emulsion capacity and stability of the resulting emulsions. The influence of pH, Sodium Chloride and heat treatment on the efficiency of small red bean protein isolates as emulsifying agents was studied. The surface hydrophobicity (So) of small red bean protein islates also examined. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The emusion capacity of small red bean protein isolates was high at pH 11, low at pH 3 and decreased by heat treament. With addition of NaCl, emulsion capacity decreased steadily and showed lowest value when 0.2M NaCl was added. 2. The emulsion stability at pH 4.5 and heat treatment over $60^{\circ}C$ decreased emulsion stability at pH 4.5. When NaCl was added, emulsion stability was generally increased. 3. The surface hydrophobicity of small red bean protein isolates showed the highest value at pH 3 and lowest at pH 11 and increased as the heating temperature increased When 0.2 M NaCl was added, surface hydrophobicity also increased at pH 4.5.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2002

연구배경: 열 전처치는 조직 내에 열충격단백질의 생성을 유도하며 이러한 열 전처치가 내독소로 유도된 쥐의 급성폐손상을 감소시키고 패혈증에 의한 사망률을 감소시킨다고 알려져 있다. 그러나, 폐손상을 유발하는 원인에 노출된 후 가해진 열처치가 폐손상에 미치는 효과에 대하여는 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 내독소 투여 직후 시행한 열충격이 내독소에 의해 유발된 쥐의 급성폐손상에 미치는 영향과 그에 따른 염증성 및 항염증성 사이토카인에 미치는 영항을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대조군은 백서의 기관지 내로 생리식염수를 투여하였고 열처치 대조군은 생리식염수 투여 직후 열처치를 시행하였다. 내독소군은 열처치 없이 내독소를 기관지내로 투여하였다. 열 전처치군은 내독소 투여 18시간 전에 열 전처치를 시행하였고, 열 동시처치 군은 내독소 투여 직후 열처치를 시행하였다. 내독소 투여 후 6시간에 기관지폐포세척을 시행하여 기관지폐포세척액 내의 호중구 백분율을 측정하였고 폐를 적출하여 myeloperoxidase(MPO)의 활성도를 측정하였으며 기관지폐포세척액과 혈청에서 LDH(lactic dehydrogenase), 단백질, IL(interleukin)-$1{\beta}$, TNF(tumor necrosis factor)-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-10를 측정하였다. 또한 각군에서 폐 조직 내 HSP72의 표현정도를 관찰하였다. 결 과: 1) 내독소군, 열 전처치군 및 열 동시처치군 모두에서 기관지폐포세척액 내의 호중구 백분율, 폐조직이 MPO, 혈청 및 기관지폐포세척액내의 $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-10이 대조군에 비해 증가하였다(각 p<0.05). 2) 열 동시처치군은 폐조직의 MPO와 기관지폐포세척액 단백질의 농도가 내독소군과 차이가 없었고 기관지폐포세척액의 LDH가 내독소군에 비해 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3) 열 동시처치군의 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도는 내독소군과 비교 시 증가하였다(p=0.01). 결 론: 내독소 투여 직후 시행한 열충격은 내독소로 유도되는 폐손상을 감소시키지 못하며 염증성 사이토카인의 농도를 증가시켰다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2021

The effects of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on rice flour (RF) have been investigated for possibility of texture modifier in protein-based foods matrix, tofu. The optimum condition for preparation of tofu with maximum textural parameters was investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM). Rice flour was subjected to moisture content (10-30%) and heating temperature (100-140℃). Based on the response surface and superimposed plots, the optimized conditions of hydrothermally treated rice flour was as followed: moisture content, 22%; temperature, 130℃, which showed lower swelling power as compared to native RF and became more stable during continuous heating and agitation than native one. Tofu, prepared with HMT-RF, showed a denser network structure than that with RF, thereby inducing an increase in textural parameters. From the above results, the addition of HMT-RF could preserve the quality of tofu and be useful for developing an acceptable protein-based food product.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

Protein -surfactant interactions have been investigate by measuring ζ-potential of $\beta$-lactoglobulin-coated emulsion droplets and $\beta$-lactoglobulin in solution in the rpesenceof surfactant, with particular emphasis on the effect of protein heat treatment(7$0^{\circ}C$, 30min). When ionic surfactant (SDS or DATEM) is added to the protein solution, the ζ-potential of the mixture is found to increase with increasing surfactant concentration, indicating surfactant binding to the protein molecules. For heat-denatured protein,it has been observed that the ζ-potential tends to be lower than that of the native protein. The effect of surfactant on emulsions is rather complicated .With SDS, small amounts of surfactant addition induce a sharp increase in zeta potential arising from the specific interaction of surfactant with protein. With further surfacant addition, there is a gradual reductio in the ζ-potential, presumably caused by the displacement of adsorped protein (and protein-surfactant complex) from the emulsion droplet surfac by the excess of SDS molecules. At even higher surfactant concentrations, the measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of a surfactant measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of surfactant micellar structure at the oil droplet surface. This behaviour contrastswith the results of the corresponding systems containing the anionic emulsifier DATEM, in which the ζ-potential of the system is found to increase continuously with R, particularly at very low surfactant concentration. Overall, such behaviour is consisten with a combination of complexation and competitive displacement between surfactant and protein occurring at the oil-water interface. In addition, it has also been found that above the CMC, there is a time-dependent increase in the negative ζ-potential of emulsion droplets in solutions of SDS, possibly due to the solublization of oil droplets into surfactant micelles in the aqueous bulk phase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2004

Heat shock ($43^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes) is sufficient to induce apoptosis in a wide number of cell lines. In this study, we asked whether DNA strand breaks are responsible for this phenomenon. Using the highly sensitive comet assay for DNA damage detection, we were unable to demonstrate DNA breaks immediately after heat shock in Raji human Iymphoid cells. It showed that DNA breaks were not necessary for hyperthermic apoptosis, since its activity is indicative of DNA lesions. Here, we present a suggestion that a protein(s) is the major target for heat shock apoptosis. We firstly found glycerol, which reportedly stabilizes protein structure, showed a protective effect in Raji cells against hyperthermic apoptosis. In addition, quercetin, which modulates transcription of the heat shock protein family members, enhanced apoptotic death induced by hyperthermia. Furthermore, Raji cells are protected by a pre-mild heat treatment prior to the killing dose of heat shock.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 1988

농축대두단백으로 만든 두유를 여러 가지 정도로 가열 처리한 후 젖산균 5종을 각각 접종하여 두유의 가열처리가 젖산균의 생육과 산생성 그리고 대두요구르트의 관능성과 커드의 침전에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 먼저 산생성을 보면 표준시료(비가열(非加熱)시료)에 비하여 $60^{\circ}C-10$분 또는 그 이상의 가열로 모든 균주에서 산생성이 촉진되었으며 그 촉진의 정도는 대체로 가열의 정도가 높을수록 점차적으로 증가하여 Streptococcus lactis를 제외한 4균주의 산생성이 $121^{\circ}C-1$분에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 생균수는 가열 처리로 큰 변화가 없었다. 대두젖산균 음료의 관능성에 미치는 영향을 보면 $95^{\circ}C-30$분 시료의 관능 성은 표준시료보다 현저하게 우수하였으나 $121^{\circ}C-15$분 시료의 관능성은 표준시료보다 현저하게 저조하였다. 한편 두유의 가열처리로 대두젖산균 음료의 침전이 지연디는 경향을 보였으며 특히 $121^{\circ}C-15$분의 가여로 침전이 현저하게 지연되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1990

우육에 7.5%의 당을 첨가하고 $121^{\circ}C$에서 가열처리하여 단백질 추출량의 변화를 알아보았다. 갈변반응은 가열시간이 길어짐에 따라 심하게 발생하였으며 glucose 첨가에서 가상 심하게 발생하였다. 단백질의 추출량은 전체적으로 가열시간이 길어질수록 감소하였으며 갈변반응이 심하게 발생한 glucose 첨가구에서 크게 감소하였다. 시료에 peptidase를 작용시켰을 때 단백질 추출량은 거의 변화가 없었으며, chymotrypsin을 작용시켰을때 단백질 추출량이 많이 증가하였으나, glucose 첨가구에서는 약간의 증가만 나타내었고 trypsin을 작용시켰을 때 전체적으로 chymotrysin을 작용시켰을 때보다 단백질 추출량이 많이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Peptidase, chymotrypsin 및 trypsin을 동시에 작용시켰을 때에는 단백질 추출량이 상당히 증가하였지만 갈변반응이 심하게 발생하였던 glucose 첨가구에서는 약간의 증가만 나타내었다.