• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2010

Reasonable usage methods of energy resources, which are limited for human beings to use, consists of new & renewable energy (NRE) and demand side management (DSM). All technologies and policies for energy resources are classified into two fields, methods for using new energy resources and methods for using conventional fuel energy resources. Various development activities for these fileds have been implemented and various subsidy programs have been operated to penetrate into markets rapidly. These subsidy programs have various types of subsidy by energy resources and programs and the budget are funded by government, which is called Electric Power Industry Basis Fund and is managed considering technology level, economic analysis, global environment, etc. These subsidy programs are managed by Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO) for NRE and by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) for DSM, the management are different among two corporations because the purposes and features of establishment are different though these are all public organization. KEMCO is managing the NRE subsidy programs according to the government will, while the management of KEPCO subjects to power system operations though the government will for DSM is considered. NRE which is on the initial phase of diffusion would not affect on power system seriously but the affects could be grown when the diffusion and importance are expanded. Hence some integrated affection analyses considering NRE and DSM are required and this paper shows the concept of integrated operation strategies with ground source heat pump systems which are related with two fields simultaneously.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 2021

The energy use of forest biomass is crucial to deal with climate change and achieve the carbon-neutral goal. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of forest biomass thermal energy facilities and calculate the optimal subsidy level of heat supply to ensure continued operation of the facilities. To achieve this aim, the net present value approach (NPV) and call option price model are adopted considering wood chip price volatilities. The Forest Energy Self-Sufficient Village Project financed by Korea Forest Service is considered as the research case study. In our analysis, when 50% of the initial investment is given to the subsidies and RECs are applied to only power generation, NPV and IRR are both negative and the investment value using the real option model is also zero. We concluded that some heat subsidies should be acknowledged to keep the facilities operating. Besides, the simulation results reveal reliable economic values when the heating subsidy is priced at KRW 0.0248 per kcal.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2018

Utilizing the heat of cooling water discharge of coal-fired power plant, pipeline investment costs for businesses that supply heat to agricultural facilities near power plants increase in proportion to installation distance. On one hand, the distance from the power plant is a factor that brings difficulties to secure economic efficiency. On the other, if the installation distance is short, there is a problem of securing the heating demands, facility houses, which causes economical efficiency to suffer. In this study, the economic efficiency of 1km length of standard heat pipeline was evaluated. The sensitivity of the heat pipe to the new length variation was analyzed at the level of government subsidy, amount of heating demand and the incremental rate of pipeline with additional government subsidy. As a result of the analysis, it was estimated that NPV 131 million won and IRR 15.73%. The sensitivity analysis showed that NPV was negative when the length of heat pipe facility exceeded 2.6 km. If the government supports 50% of the initial investment, the efficiency is secured within the estimated length of 5.3 km, and if it supports 80%, the length increases within 11.4 km. If the heat demand is reduced to less than 62% at the new length of the standard heat pipe, it is expected economic efficiency is not obtained. If the ratio of government subsidies to initial investment increases, the elasticity of the new bloc will increase, and the fixed investment, which is the cost of capital investment for one unit of heating demand, will decrease. This would result in a reduction in the cost of production per unit, and it would be possible to supply heat at a cheaper price level to the facility farming. Government subsidies will result in the increased economic availability of hot plumbing facilities and additional efficiencies due to increased demand. The greater government subsidies to initial investment, the less farms cost due to the decrease in the price per unit. The results of the study are significant in terms of the economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the government subsidy for the thermal power plant heat utilization project. The implication can be applied to any related pilot to come.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

In this study, medium capacity EHP and GHP for air-conditioning a building with a floor area of $1,200\;m^2$ are compared economically. To consider all the factors of initial and operation costs effectively, an annual equal payment method is proposed. For the initial cost, equipment, construction, installation, electric facility, financial subsidy and tax cut are considered. Basic electricity, energy(electricity and gas), space charge, labor, insurance and repair are considered for the operation cost. Under the assumptions made in this study, overall cost of EHP is less than that of GHP. However, different outcome may result if different assumptions are made. This study is useful for performing an economic evaluation of various air-conditioning systems.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Cost related to building equipment accounts for about 85% of the life cycle cost of buildings. Therefore proper selection of air-conditioning system is important for reducing the overall cost of buildings. In this study, medium capacity EHP and GHP for air-conditioning a building with a floor area of 1,200 $m^2$ are compared economically. To consider all the factors of initial and operation costs effectively, an annual equal payment method is proposed. For the initial cost, cost of equipment, construction, installation, electric facility, financial subsidy and tax cut is considered. Cost of basic electricity, energy(electricity and gas), space charge, labor, insurance and repair is considered for the operation cost. Under the assumptions made in this study, overall cost of EHP is less than that of GHP, but this is not absolute and different outcome may result if different assumptions are made. This study is useful for those who are interested in choosing an air-conditioning system that costs less for mid-size buildings with simple calculations.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

This study examined the income distribution effect of the environmental taxes in the energy sector by applying the Urban Family Survey and the Household Income and Expenditure Survey to the Kakwani index. The results analyzed are as follows: first, taxes of the non-transportation energy sector show progressive tax schemes, while those of transportation energy show regressive ones. Second, we calculated the scenario-specific progressivity index on basis of the existing energy price structure. Contrary to the previous works claimed to be regressive, the progressivity in scenario I got higher than before, except for the congestion taxes. Also, the index by the total sum of taxes in scenario II showed just a little bit higher progressive tax system. In scenario III, both the value added tax and the total sum of taxes have a little regressive structure, but the indexes in the environmental taxes, heat capacity taxes, and those which the environmental tax and the congestion tax and heat capacity taxes are summed up, are in general progressive. Third, subsidizing the tax revenues raised from the environmental taxes to the poor classes by a simulation approach shows more progressive as expected, implying the more subsidy the higher the progressivity index. As a result, it is said that the implementation of the environmental taxes has no negative impact on the income distribution, and the subsidy of the tax revenue raised from it to the poor can make the income inequality improve.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.167-172
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• 2016

Purpose: The solar water heater with natural circulation has been used for several decades in the world as it is automatically operated without a pump and controller and is easy to maintain and repair. After the subsidy was offered from 2012, the solar water heater with natural circulation is becoming increasingly popular in Korea. Recently, the development of a wall-integrated solar water heater, which improves the applicability of buildings and prevents the overheating in the summer, is being developed. On the other hand, the design and performance evaluation data of solar water heaters are very inadequate, and analysis of heat and flow is required to develop a new type of solar water heater. Method: Therefore, in this study, we proposed a new simplified system analysis model that reflects heat and pressure loss from the test results of KS B ISO 9806-1 (Solar collector test method), assuming that the collector is a simple pipe system, the validity of which was verified through experiments. Result: As a result, first, the RMSE of the system circulation flow rate and the average temperature of the inlet and outlet of the collector according to the experimental results and the simulation are 0.05563 and 0.88530, respectively, which are very consistent. Secondly, the mass flow rate is increased linearly with the increase of the solar radiation, and the mass flow rate is 0.0104 ~ 0.0180kg/s in the range of $200{\sim}380W/m^2$ of solar irradiance. Compared with the test flow rate 0.0764kg / s of the test collector, it showed a level of less than 20%.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

Green roof in Korea has been recognized as part of landscape area and local governments enacted municipal ordinance for supporting green roof thereby assisting part of expenses spent for green roof within a range of budget for buildings which are eligible for the green roof support of existing buildings. However, it is necessary to enforce a regulation of mandatory green roof for new buildings in order to expand green roof application and provide a variety of assistances such as subsidy payment, tax relief, and mitigation of floor area ratio-related regulation as done in other advanced nations. In particular, LEED(Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design) in the USA applies additional point directly for green roof in terms of the reduction in heat island effects. For example, the following items are beneficial to have additional points: habitat preservation or restoration, external space, rainwater management, reduction in outdoor water usage, minimum energy performance, and optimum energy performance. In addition, the BREEAM(Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) in the UK specifies green roof as one of assessment items to be complied in terms of diversity of species. As such, LEED and BREEAM reflect direct and indirect effects of green roof on assessment criteria, which suggest a direction to green building certification criteria in Korea where only additional points are given for green roof according to soil depth.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.721-729
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• 2014

A hybrid desiccant cooling system (HDCS) that uses a heat pump driven by district heating instead of a sensible rotor can provide an increased energy efficiency in summer. In this paper, the summer operation costs and initial costs of both the HDCS and traditional systems are analyzed using annual equal payments, and national benefits are found from using the HDCS instead of traditional systems. In the analysis results, the HDCS reduces the operation cost by 30 compared to the traditional systems, and each HDCS unit has 0.079 TOE per year of primary energy savings and 0.835 $TCO_2$ per year of $CO_2$ emission reduction more than the traditional systems. If HDCSs were to be installed in 680,000 households by 2020, this would produce a replacement power effect of 463 MW. Despite this savings effect, HDCSs require a government subsidy before they can be supplied because the initial cost is higher than that of traditional systems. Thus, this paper calculates suitable subsidies and suggests a supply method for HDCSs considering the national benefits.