• 제목/요약/키워드: heat of sorption

검색결과 50건 처리시간 0.028초

저온 플라즈마 처리된 투과증발막의 부탄올 분리/농축 연구 (Butanol Separation/Concentration by Plasma Treated Pervaporation Membrane)

  • 김현영;임군택;김성수
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.198-204
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    • 2000
  • 생물 발효 공정에서 생산되는 부탄올 수용액으로부터 부탄올을 농축시키기 위한 투과증발 공정의 flux와 선택도를 향상시키기 위하여 저온 plasma 처리 공정으로 막을 제조하였다. 플라즈마 처리 조건인 공급 power, 반응 시간, 단량체 공급 속도 등에 따른 영향을 조사하여 (W/FM)t의 최적값이 4.0389$\times$10(sup)9 J.min/kg임을 확인하였으며, 이에 따른 최적의 막 제조 공정을 확립하였다. 여러 가지 유기 화합물로서 저온 플라즈마 처리된 막에 대하여 부탄올 분리 성능을 조사하였으며, 플라즈마 처리된 막에 대하여 물과 부탄올의 상대적 sorption 비와 접촉각을 측정하여 표면 분석을 하고자 하였으며, 그 상관 관계를 조사하였다. 접촉각과 상대적 sorption 비가 증가함에 따라 부탄올의 선택도는 0.186에서 3.525로 향상되었고, 부탄올 질량 flux는 0.042에서 0.567 kg/$m^2$.hr로 향상됨을 볼 수 있었는데, 이는 막의 소수서이 증가함에 따라 막과 부탄올과의 친화력이 증가하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 사용된 유기 화합물과 물 또는 부탄올과의 친화력 정도를 알아보기 위해 heat of mixing을 측정하여 분리 성능과 비교하였으나 뚜렷한 경향성을 얻지 못하였다. 이것은 플라즈마 처리 시 유기 화합물이 분해되어 새로운 화합물을 형성하게 되어 유기 화합물 본래의 특성을 잃어버리기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

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삶은 옥수수의 수분흡습성질 (Effect of Cooking on Moisture Sorption Properties of Corn)

  • 마리오 까란사;김성곤
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.530-532
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    • 1990
  • 옥수수의 장기저장을 위한 기초연구로서 건조옥수수 또는 침지옥수수를 $80^{\circ}C$에서 삶고 건조한 다음 이들 시료의 수분흡습성질을 저장온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 23-97%에서 비교하였다. 건조옥수수는 상대습도 23% 이하에서, 침지옥수수는 33% 이하에서 탈습현상을 보였고, 상대습도 97%에서 건조옥수수는 192시간 후에, 삶은 옥수수는 288시간 후에 곰팡이가 발생되었다. 동일한 수분활성도에서 침지옥수수는 가장 높은 평형수분함량을 보였다. 단분자막층 수분함량과 흡습열은 침지옥수수의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 등온안정곡선으로부터 얻은 저장안정의 상대습도는 60-70%이었다.

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제올라이트 NaA의 수화에 관한 이론적 연구 (Theoretical Study of Hydration of Zeolite NaA)

  • 노경태;전무식
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.374-384
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    • 1979
  • Zeolite NaA의 ${\alpha}$ cage에 있어서의 수화에너지와 그 위치를 결정하였다. Na(1)과 Na(2)사이의 site selectivity를 에너지 계산으로부터 결정하였는데 Na(1)이 Na(2)보다 선택성이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. ${\alpha}$-Cage에 수화된 물들은 일그러진 정 12면체를 형성함을 알 수 있었다. Water(1), Water(2), Water(3)의 평균수화에너지는 각각 -29.847, -25.344, -15.888kcal/mole이다. 이 에너지 계산으로부터 얻어진 수화된 물들의 산소원자의 위치는 X선값과 잘 일치함을 보여준다. 또 수화된 정도에 따른 수화에너지의 그래프를 얻었다. 이 결과는 실험으로부터 얻어진 differential heat of sorption curve와 잘 일치함을 보여준다. ${\alpha}$ Cage 속에서의 유전상수는 3.5가 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

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Improving the Dimensional Stability of Spruce and Birch Boards by Heat-Treatment at 190 and $210^{\circ}C$

  • Kang, Ho-Yang
    • 한국가구학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.560-565
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    • 2009
  • It is known that heat treatment decreases the hygroscopicity of wood. Thus heat-treated wood is good for outdoor construction due to its improved dimensional stability. This study is to investigate the hygroscopicity and discoloration of spruce and birch boards heat-treated above $190^{\circ}C$. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) at all relative humidities decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature and/or time for both spruce and birch. It was revealed that heat-treatment temperature affected more on the hygroscopicity thaan heat-treatment time. The average basic densities decreased for the spruce specimens, but increased for the birch specimens with an increase of the treatment time and/or temperature. The same heat treatment condition (190-8) made the birch specimens darker than the spruce specimens.

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Moisture Sorption and Thermodynamic Properties of Vacuum-Dried Capsosiphon fulvescens Powder

  • Zuo, Li;Rhim, Jong-Whan;Lee, Jun Ho
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2015
  • The moisture sorption isotherms of vacuum-dried edible green alga (Capsosiphon fulvescens) powders were determined at 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$ and water activity ($a_w$) in the range of 0.11~0.94. An inversion effect of temperature was found at high water activity (>0.75). Various mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller model was found to be the most suitable model describing the relationship between equilibrium moisture content and water activity (<0.45). Henderson model could also provide excellent agreement between the experimental and predicted values despite of the intersection point. Net isosteric heat of adsorption decreased from 15.77 to 9.08 kJ/mol with an increase in equilibrium moisture content from 0.055 to $0.090kg\;H_2O/kg$ solids. The isokinetic temperature ($T_{\beta}$) was 434.79 K, at which all the adsorption reactions took place at the same rate. The enthalpy-entropy compensation suggested that the mechanism of the adsorption process was shown to be enthalpy-driven.

CO2 흡착을 위한 Ethylenediamine 함침 MCM41의 특성 분석 (Characteristics Analysis of MCM41 Impregnated with Ethylenediamine for CO2 Adsorption)

  • 이철규;최성우
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.705-711
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    • 2012
  • Adsorption experiment of carbon dioxide was performed on MCM41 silica with a 30 wt.% EDA(ethylenediamine) loading at different $CO_2$ inlet concentration and various adsorption temperature. The surface characteristics of $CO_2$ capturing agent were carried out using BET analysis, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. The results of BET showed 781 $m^2/g$ for MCM41 and 464 $m^2/g$ for EDA/MCM41. X-ray diffraction results reveled typical hexagonal pore system. The higher sorption capacity of EDA/MCM41 was about 80 $mg_{CO2}/g_{sorbent}$ with 50% $CO_2$ inlet concentration and 303 K adsorption temperature. The isosteric heat of adsorption in 303-353 K ranged from -25.47 to -28.24 KJ/mole for EDA/MCM41, which indicates $CO_2$-EDA/MCM41 interaction with exothermic adsorption process. Finally, the performance of EDA/MCM41 in 10 consecutive sorption-desorption runs was a stable with only a minor drop in its sorption capacity.

Electrochemical Anodic Formation of VO2 Nanotubes and Hydrogen Sorption Property

  • Lee, Hyeonkwon;Jung, Minji;Oh, Hyunchul;Lee, Kiyoung
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.212-216
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    • 2021
  • We investigated the feasibility of hydrogen storage with electrochemically formed VO2 nanotubes. The VO2 nanotubes were fabricated through the anodization of vanadium metal in fluoride ion-containing organic electrolyte followed by an annealing process in an Ar-saturated atmosphere at 673 K for 3 h at a heating rate of 3 K /min. During anodization, the current density significantly increased up to 7.93 mA/cm2 for approximately 500 s owing to heat generation, which led to a fast-electrochemical etching reaction of the outermost part of the nanotubes. By controlling the anodization temperature, highly ordered VO2 nanotubes were grown on the metal substrate without using any binders or adhesives. Furthermore, we demonstrated the hydrogen sorption properties of the anodic VO2 nanotubes.

침엽수재(針葉樹材) 내부수분이동(內部水分移動)과 확산활성화(擴散活性化)에너지 (Moisture Movement in Softwood and its Activation Energy)

  • 강호양
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 1991
  • Three kinds of specimens(radiata pine sapwood, radiata pine heartwood and whemlock heartwood) were dried at four temperature levels (30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$) in an emvironmental chamber. Unsteady-state diffusion coefficients were calculated from obtained drying fates by using infinite slab equation for first half of sorption and interval diffusion equation for second half of sorption. Activation energies for moisture diffusion in wood were calculated from the diffusion coefficients obtained at four temperatures. In most cases diffusion coefficients for radial movement were higher than those for tangential movement. Activation energy differences between sapwood and heartwood weren't significant for radial movement, but were significant for tangential movement. Most activation energies calculated from drying rates were lower than heat of water condensation(about 11,000cal/mole). Specially the avenge activation energy for sapwood tangential movement was only 5,000cal/mole.

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