• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2020

Nanoporous silica aerogel insulation material is both lightweight and efficient; it has important value in the fields of aerospace, petrochemicals, electric metallurgy, shipbuilding, precision instruments, and so on. A theoretical calculation model and experimental measurement of equivalent thermal conductivity for nanoporous silica aerogel insulation material are introduced in this paper. The heat transfer characteristics and thermal insulation principle of aerogel nano are analyzed. The methods of SiO₂ aerogel production are compared. The pressure range of SiO₂ aerogel is 1Pa-atmospheric pressure; the temperature range is room temperature-900K. The pore diameter range of particle SiO₂ aerogel is about 5 to 100 nm, and the average pore diameter range of about 20 ~ 40 nm. These results show that experimental measurements are in good agreement with theoretical calculation values. For nanoporous silica aerogel insulation material, the heat transfer calculation method suitable for nanotechnology can precisely calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity of aerogel nano insulation materials. The network structure is the reason why the thermal conductivity of the aerogel is very low. Heat transfer of materials is mainly realized by convection, radiation, and heat transfer. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer path in aerogel can be reduced by nanotechnology.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.458-467
• /
• 2018

Efforts have been made in this paper to develop the measuring device for the insulation performance of full scale NO96 LNG CCS. The facility was designed to maintain environmental conditions which are similar to operation conditions of full scale LNG CCS. In the facility, the heat sink boundary was kept cryogenic temperature by cold chamber which contains liquefied nitrogen and heat source boundary was made by external case heated by natural convection. Heat Flow Meter method (HFM) was applied to this facility, hence Heat Flux Sensors (HFS) were attached to specimen. The equivalent thermal conductivity of full scale NO96 unit box was targeted to measure and PUF of same size was used for the calibration test. Additionally, the finite element analysis was carried out to check the performance of the developed test facility and experimental results were also compared with those predicted by the numerical method.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 1993

An implicit finite difference formulation with three methods of latent heat treatment, such as equivalent specific heat method, temperature recovery method and enthalpy method, was applied to solidification analysis. The Neumann problem was solved to compare the numerical results with the exact solution. The implicit solutions with the equivalent specific heat method and the temperature recovery method were comparatively consistent with the Neumann exact solution for smaller time steps, but its error increased with increasing time step, especially in predicting the solidification beginning time. Although the computing time to solve energy equation using temperature recovery method was shorter than using enthalpy method, the method of releasing latent heat is not realistic and causes error. The implicit formulation of phase change problem requires enthalpy method to treat the release of latent heat reasonably. We have modified the enthalpy formulation in such a way that the enthalpy gradient term is not needed, and as a result of this modification, the computation stability and the computing time were improved.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.290-294
• /
• 2004

The effect of carbon equivalent on the fading behavior of hypoeutectic ductile cast iron was investigated. The carbon content was slightly increased right after graphite spheroidization treatment and remained almost constant with holding at $1,490^{\circ}C$ after 4 minute. The residual magnesium content was decreased slowly with holding. The empirical equation expressing the relationship between this and holding time was proposed ; $C=C_o-P{\times}t$. The proportionality constant, P, was inversely proportional to carbon content.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1436-1444
• /
• 2002

A three dimensional numerical model was developed to analyze the mold filling and solidification processes straightforwardly in a casting processes. On the basis of the SIMPLER algorithm, the VOF method and the Equivalent Specific Heat method were adopted to deal with the free surface behavior and the latent heat evolution. The complete model has been validated using exact solutions and experimental results. The importance of three-dimensional effects has been highlighted by comparing the results from the three-dimensional analysis with those given by a two-dimensional analysis.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.452-465
• /
• 2014

The application of friction stir welding (FSW) technology has been extended to all industries, including shipbuilding. A heat transfer analysis evaluates the weldability of a welded work piece, and elasto-plastic analysis predicts the residual stress and deformation after welding. A thermal elasto-plastic analysis based on the heat transfer analysis results is most frequently used today. However, its application to large objects such as offshore structures and hulls is impractical owing to its long computational time. This paper proposes a new method, namely an equivalent strain method using the inherent strain, to overcome the disadvantages of the extended analysis time. In the present study, a residual stress analysis of FSW was performed using this equivalent strain method. Additionally, in order to reflect the external constraints in FSW, the reaction force was predicted using a neural network, Finally, the approach was verified by comparing the experimental results and thermal elasto-plastic analysis results for the calculated residual stress distribution.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 1996

Usual experimental adsorption isotherms as a function of relative humidity were constructed from adsorbed water contents in soils, which were kept more than 2 days in vacuum desiccators with constant humidities controlled by sulfuric acids of various concentrations. From the experimental data, the adsorption surface areas were calculated on the basis of the existing adsorption theory, such as Langmuir, BET, and Aranovich. Based on the Gibbs function describing chemical potential of perfect gas, the relative humidities in the desiccators were transformed into their chemical potentials, which were assumed to be the same as the potentials of equilibratedly adsorbed water in soils. Moreover, the water potentials were again transformed into the equivalent capillary pressures, heads of capillary rise, and equivalent radius of capillary pores, on the basis of Laplace equation for surface tension pressure of spherical bubbles in water. Adsorption quantity distributions were calculated on the profile of chemical potentials of the adsorbed water, equivalent adsorption and/or capillary pressures, and equivalent capillary radius. The suggested theories were proved through its application for the prediction of temperature rise of sulfuric acid due to hydration heat. Adsorption heat calculated on the basis of the potential difference was dependant on various factors, such as surface area, equilibrium constants in Langumuir, BET, etc.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2010

Generally, ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have a higher performance than conventional air-source systems. However, the major fault of GSHP systems is their expensive boring costs. Therefore, it is important issue that to reduce initial cost and ensure stability of system through accurate prediction of the heat extraction and injection rates of the ground heat exchanger. Conventional analysis methods employed by line source theory are used to predict heat transfer rate between ground heat exchanger and soil. Shape of ground heat exchanger was simplified by equivalent diameter model, but these methods do not accurately reflect the heat transfer characteristics according to the heat exchanger geometry. In this study, a numerical model that combines a user subroutine module that calculates circulation water conditions in the ground heat exchanger and FEFLOW program which can simulate heat/moisture transfer in the soil, is developed. Heat transfer performance was evaluated for 3 different types ground heat exchanger(U-tube, Double U-tube, Coaxial).

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권12호
• /
• pp.1711-1720
• /
• 2001

In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of a U-shape heat pipes were investigated. Heat is supplied to the U heat pipe through its middle zone(evaporator), and is released to the environment through its both arms(condensers). Both heat transfer coefficients and heat transport limitations were measured and compared with correlations previously developed for straight type heat pipes. Special concerns were focused to the cases, when each of condensers were submitted to a different cooling conditions, relatively. As a result. the heat transfer limitation of a U-shape heat pipe was found out to be 10∼15% less than the value for a straight heat pipe with an equivalent size.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2013

최근 들어 경제적이고 친환경적인 에너지 활용을 위하여 지열에너지 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 지반의 열전도도(ground thermal conductivity)와 보어홀 열저항(borehole thermal resistance)은 지열 히트펌프 시스템(geothermal heat pump system)의 설계 과정에서 매우 중요한 변수이다. 본 논문에서는 일반 수직밀폐형에서의 U, W 타입의 지중 열교환기(ground heat exchanger)를 매립지 지반에 설치한 후 100시간 연속 운전 조건으로 현장 열성능 실험(thermal performance test)을 수행하였다. 또한 보어홀 열저항 산정 모델들을 이용하여 열효율을 산정한 후 이를 실험값과 비교하였다. 실험 결과 기존에 주로 적용되고 있는 shape factor(SF) 모델보다 multi-pole과 equivalent diameter(EQD) 모델이 계측값과 잘 일치하였다.