• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.286-293
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of anxiety for the mothers of leukemic children and to provide the fundamental data for the better performance of caring to them. The subjects were 292 mothers : 100 mothers whose children had a leukemia, 80 mothers whose children had taken a tonsillectomy, 112 mothers whose children with medical disease except cancer. The data were collected through The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spilberger and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA Scheffe test. The results were as follows ; 1. The state anxiety mean score of mothers with leukemic children was 54.16. 2. The state anxiety of mothers with leukemic children was higher than that of the rest (F=8.00, P=0.0004). 3. There was no significant difference in anxiety of mothers with leukemic children in relation to leukemic children's and their mother's general characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the mental health of high school students, and specifically that of children with no siblings in urban areas, and we aimed at revealing the various potential influences of different psycho-social factors Methods: The participants were, 514 high school students who were the 1st- to 3rd-graders in Daejon City; they were, given self-administered questionnaires that required no signature during the period of March through June 2005. The analyzed items included the general character of the subjects, the symptoms of stress and depression for mental health, self-esteem as a psychological component, anxiety, dependent behavioral traits and, social support of family members and friends. Results: The study results suggested that the group of urban high school children with no siblings had a higher tendency for stress and depression than did the urban high school children with siblings. The mental health and psychosocial factors were found to be influenced by friends, a sense of satisfaction at school and home life, and emotional support as well. Conclusions: In conclusion, emotional support by the family members can improve mental health by reducing anxiety, stress and depression.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.486-494
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze children's play during hospitalization. Method: Data were collected from 36 play situations of hospitalized children, ages 2 to 6, hospitalized at 4 general hospitals, one in each city, Seoul, Suwon, Daejeon and Daegu. All observations were made in pediatric units during free-play periods. Each child was observed for 5 minutes at each observation and observed three times at each play session. Results: Of the children, 83.3% played on the bed. Play partners were mainly mothers. While 75.0% of children actively took part in play activity and 70.0% played with joy, 63.9% of play partners were more passive in the play. The most frequent play material was a small toy. The level of play was early stage of social and cognitive play, and dramatic play was observed in a few children over the age of 3 years. The play activities were conversional play, reflections of therapeutic procedures, imagination, and exploratory play. In the conversional play, children converted hospital equipments into play materials. Conclusion: It is recommended that health care team members should pay attention and actively participate in play of hospitalized children in order to help them have some control over the stress of the situation.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

Background and objective: The physical environment where children spend most of their time is closely associated with their emotional development. To improve the emotional health of children, the introduction of natural elements in the indoor space has been suggested, the benefits of which have been shown in preliminary studies. This study aims to examine the effects that a biowall - a wall installation - in a classroom has on the emotional health of children in kindergarten. Methods: A total of four biowalls were separately installed in four kindergarten classrooms at a school in Seoul, South Korea, and the 60 children in these classrooms participated in the study. We assessed the children's emotional intelligence (via an Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale), resilience (via the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment), and eco-friendly attitudes (via the Children's Attitudes Toward Scale) before the installation of the biowalls and then again 3 months later. Results: The children's emotional intelligence, resilience, and eco-friendly attitudes had been significantly improved after the installation of the biowalls (p = .01). The sub-categories of the children's emotional intelligence and resilience were also significantly improved (p < .001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of biowalls-as an indoor environmental factor-in promoting the healthy emotional development of children. By bringing natural elements into indoor classroom settings, biowalls appear to increase children's direct/indirect contact with nature. To extrapolate the results of the study to the general population, future studies should be conducted with broader age groups.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a weight control program for overweight elementary school children The results of our previous study in 1996 Identified overweight as one of several health problems among elementary school children in urban areas The research method utilized was a quasi experimental design using one group in a pre and post test comparison The sample consisted of 198 children from 3 elementary schools in Kyung-gi Province who were 20% over the ideal weight for their height Height and weight were measured and a BMI score was calculated at the beginning of the program and monthly thereafter. The program had three components: physical exercise, counseling of children, and health education of children, parents, and teachers. The program lasted from March, 1997 to November, 1997. The data were analyzed using an SAS PC statistical package. The results indicate that the overweight children in two elementary schools had statistically Significant changes in their BMI score after the program while those in one school id not. When the process notes were reviewed it was Identified that the school which showed little change averaged less physical exercise, and less parent and teacher participation in the program In conclusion, a school based weight control program is an effective way to manage and prevent obesity for overweight elementary school children It is suggested that a school wide exercise program may be better accepted by overweight children than a program specifically designed for overweight children only. One of the most important factors which determine the successful outcome of any health promotion project in school is the enthusiasm and cooperation of the principal and school health nurse.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 1989

To show the distribution and change of blood pressure according to age and to find factors affecting the level of blood pressure in primary school children, a follow-up study was conducted from 1986 to 1989 on 401 first grade children attending primary school in Kangwha County in 1986 and their parents. The blood pressure of the children was significantly increased according to age. The average annual increase was 1.8mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 2.5mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. The level of blood pressure did not show any significant difference in both sexes. Among children who were at or above the 80th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade, 35 and 30% of them have remained at the same level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively in the fourth grade. But we could not find any significance in the tracking of blood pressure of children who were at or above the 90th percentile of blood pressure in the first grade. Weight and pulse rate were shown to be significant factors affecting systolic blood pressure in children of both sexes and mother's blood pressure and skinfold thickness were also affected systolic blood pressure in girls. The variables significantly affecting diastolic blood pressure were arm circumference and pulse rate for boys and height and pulse rate for girls.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-centered interventions on improving health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using six electronic databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies with populations of children and adolescents (age <18 years) and at least one parent/caregiver, or only parents/caregivers if the children were very young, and studies that investigated the health outcomes of children and parents/caregivers diagnosed with T1DM. Results: From 2,746 published studies, only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The key interventions were non-technology-based interventions (n=4), technology-based interventions (n=2), and combined technology- and non-technology-based interventions (n=3). The interventions had effects on glycated hemoglobin, adherence to diabetes management, diabetes self-management behaviors, and parent-child teamwork in diabetes management. Other essential effects were children's quality of life, children's problem-solving skills, parents' quality of life, and parents' coping and depression. Conclusion: Family-centered interventions can effectively improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with T1DM. In the future, family-centered interventions integrated with other approaches, theories, and models should be developed to achieve the best possible outcomes.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing health promoting behavior of the late school age children and to analyze the difference of health promoting behavior according to personal factors of children. Methods: The subjects consisted of 169 school-aged children in the 6th grade in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected from Dec. 1 to Dec. 10, 2008. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: 1) Health promoting behavior was proved to be relatively high. The average item score for the health promoting behavior was $3.85{\pm}.41$. The highest degree of health promoting behavior was stress management (4.13). whereas the one with the lowest degree was exercise (3.40). 2) In the relationship between personal factors and health promoting behavior, there were statistically significant differences in gender, perceived health status, family mood, father's drinking habits, school performance, school satisfaction. 3) Health promoting behavior was showed significant positive correlations with perceived self-efficacy (r=.55), social support (r=.65), prior related behaviors (r=.44), perceived benefits of action (r=.42), and significant negative correlations with perceived barriers of action (r=-.37). 4) Stepwise multiple regression analysis was revealed that the most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was social support ($\beta$=0.36) Conclusion: The combination of social support, perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefits of action, gender, and family mood accounted for 57.8% of the variance in the health promoting behavior of the late school age children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Purpose: Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been considered less reliable for children than for adults. The aim of this study was to compare four ELISA kits and in-house immunoblotting based on the analysis of anti-H. pylori-IgG antibody reactivity. Methods: A total of 399 serum samples were collected at the GNU Hospital during 1998-1999. All sera were tested using ELISA and immunoblotting. Statistically significant differences were determined by the $x^2$ test. Results: The overall seropositivity rates using GAP IgG, Genedia IgG, HM-CAP, Pyloriset EIA-G, and immunoblotting were 13.0%, 25.1%, 18.3%, 15.8%, and 62.9%, respectively. Immunoblotting showed a higher seropositivity rate than did all four ELISA kits in all age groups. Genedia IgG had the highest seropositivity among the ELISA kits. The seropositivity rate for children aged 13 to 18 months was lowest, and that of children aged 15 years was highest (90.0%). The seropositivity rate for children aged 7 months to 5 years was significantly lower than that for children aged 6 to 15 years among the four ELISA kits (p<0.0001) and immunoblotting (p=0.02). Conclusion: Immunoblotting is the most sensitive test for detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies among the serological tests in this study. These results emphasize the need for standardization when commercial ELISA tests are used in different nations or in young age groups. Immunoblotting could be a suitable noninvasive assay for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiologic study of H. pylori infection in Korean children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.444-455
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of parent training interventions to facilitate social reciprocity and language development in children with autism. Methods: The social interaction behaviors of mothers and children over time were compared using single subject design experimentation methodology. five children who were diagnosed with autism and their mothers participated in the study. The participants were recruited from U city, Korea. The mothers were trained using training videotapes and demonstrations on how to facilitate social interaction with their children as well as promoting language development. following the training, data were collected three times per week by video taping mother-child interaction in their homes. Results: Four of the five mothers demonstrated increases in the use of imitation with animation and expectant waiting after the intervention compared to the baseline sessions; the children demonstrated noticeable increases in the use of initiation of interaction, vocalizations, and verbal production after their mothers received the training intervention. Conclusion : Results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of mother training to improve social interactions of children with autism. Additional important information can be gained by replicating this study with more participants and comparing intervention and control groups. Clearly, this intervention shows promise and has implications far clinical practice.