• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.571-579
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide exercise programs for the prevention of work related chronic back pain. Background: In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease, including proper medical care health promotion programs are needed. Method: This is a research of musculoskeletal disease looking at 618 workers working at a car engine manufacturing factory from April to July of 2008. Through questionnaire specific areas of musculoskeletal diseases experienced by the workers were identified and preventative exercise program for chronic low back pain was recommended. Result: Research showed that of the musculoskeletal disease experienced by the workers, 197 presented with low back pain, 171 presented with shoulder pain, 64 presented with neck pain and 44 presented with knee pain. The symptoms of low back pain included stiffness(143), twinge and burning sensation(24) and absence of sensation(19). Using this result 4 types of exercise programs were recommended for prevention of chronic low back pain. Conclusion: Preventative exercise programs recommended for the workers in this research is easily accessible for the workers. Use of the suggested exercise programs will inevitably decrease work related low back pain. Also 2 other recommendations were made: 1) Internal structural change may be necessary using ergonomics. 2) More exercise programs to be used to increase adaptation and tolerance of joints and muscles that are constantly used for repetitive work. Application: This study can be used to provide for the prevention of work-related Chronic Low Back pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4631-4637
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Tobacco use is a leading cause of deaths and disabilities in India, killing about 1.2 lakh people in 2010. About 29% of adults use tobacco on a daily basis and an additional 5% use it occasionally. In Odisha, non-smoking forms are more prevalent than smoking forms. The habit has very high opportunity cost as it reduces the capacity to seek better nutrition, medical care and education. In line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) is a powerful Indian national law on tobacco control. The Government of Odisha has shown its commitment towards enforcement and compliance of COTPA provisions. In order to gauge the perceptions and practices related to tobacco control efforts and level of enforcement of COTPA in the State, this cross-sectional study was carried out in seven selected districts. Materials and methods: A semi-structured interview schedule was developed, translated into Odiya and field-tested for data collection. It mainly contained questions related to knowledge on provisions of section 4-7 of COTPA 2003, perception about smoking, chewing tobacco and practices with respect to compliance of selected provisions of the Act. 1414 samples were interviewed. Results: The highest percentage of respondents was from the government departments. 73% of the illiterates consumed tobacco as compared to 34% post graduates. 52.1% of the respondents were aware of Indian tobacco control laws, while 80.8% had knowledge about the provision of the law prohibiting smoking in public places. However, 36.6% of the respondents reported that they had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold 'to a minor', while 31.2% had seen tobacco products being sold 'by a minor'. In addition, 24.8% had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold within a radius of 100 yards of educational institutions.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 1976

The traditional application of night soil to vegetable gardens and rice paddies results in a most wide spread condition of parasitism, with a variety of helminths found in Korea. In addition to the above fact, the peculiar habit of the consumption of raw vegetables, fish, crustaceans and mammals provides a means of infestations of helminths. During the last sixty years numerous reports were found on the prevalence of helminths amongst the Korean population in different parts of the country, and it was generally recognized that ascariasis, hookworm disease, filariasis, clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis constitute the important helminthic disease in Korea. In practical measures of parasite control activities the main measures are summarized as mass-treatment, night-soil disposal and transmission control. Among the three, the mass-treatment has been commonly applied, however, no reduction of transmission has been obtained by treatment of a population. Therefore, the ultimate eradication of parasites will depend upon the application of comprehensive environmental sanitation measures. The basic environmental measures will be concerned with (a) the safe disposal of human excreta, (b) the provision of adequate and safe water supplies in such a way as to promote a higher standard of personal hygiene in the population, and (c) the prevention of food contamination by faecal material. Additional environmental measures will deal with the improvement of housing and housing hygiene and with general community development. Community development means social and cultural as well as economic development. The control measures on the parasitic endemic diseases, such as clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis are the good examples for community health development in Korea. The control of Clonorchis and Paragonimus infections are theoretically very simple, as the infection can only invade the human body by way of encysted metacercaria which are taken into the body when eating passive intermediate hosts(fishes, crabs and crayfishes). Although prophylactic measures in the case of the infections deal with above merely consist the fishes in cooking or submerging in hot water before eating them, it is exceedingly difficult to carry out such simple measures in face of century old traditions, to which the relatively primitive population clings with great tenacity. There is no one universally applicable method of control. The choice of methods must be dictated by the nature of the environment. the habit and custom of the people. the pattern of transmission and the resources of the country. There must exist a well organized public health infrastructure. Since a control programme is of necessity on a longterm basis and continuity in its implementation is essential. An investigation should be made on the prevalence of the diseases and its relationships to irrigation engineering, freshwater ecology, agricultural methods, hydro-electric schemes, and the development of communities in affected areas. In conclusion, however. the control of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in Korea is not an impossible task. A combination of efforts with major emphasis on health education and mass chemotherapy coupled with governmental aid in enforcing legislative public health measures could reduce the diseases. Health education in particular attempts following four things: (a) It supplies a person with enough general knowledge about a disease to make the preventive measures. (b) It makes a person feel sufficiently about the importance of his own health to make him alter his behavior and adopt these preventive measure. (c) It makes him concerned for the health others. (d) It tries to make him feel so strongly about the first three that be supports and even initiates preventive action by the community. Educational efforts should be directed primarily toward school children because it is during the early years that most persons become infected, and also because children are less entrenched in their food habits so that, the educational process should be involved at various levels in successive changes of knowledge, attitude, beha viour, habit and custom of their lives. The most parasitic endemic diseases are related to community diseases. In caring for a sick community. the first stage is to gather epidemiological data, the next is to make inferences from it-to make the community diagnosis. The third is to prescribe community treatment or community health action part of a community health action programme. The community health action is the sum of the steps decided upon to remedy the critical features revealed by the community diagnosis. Action takes various forms; health education is the most important.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to provide basic data regarding health care services for middle-aged men, via an analysis of the relationships among stress level, food habits and well-being-related attitudes with social-demographic characteristics and health-related factors. The main findings of this study were as follows. The average age of the participants was $48.7{\pm}5.2$. With regard to health status, 18.8% of the participants were diagnosed with digestive diseases within the past year. Stress levels were higher in the participants with lower levels of educational attainment. Furthermore, participants who had become divorced or lived separately from their families, participants who did not have their own houses, and participants who reported low marital satisfaction also had high levels of stress. Our food habits scores revealed meaningful differences among the study subjects, and were shown to vary with marital satisfaction, occupation, and residence type. In terms of both the importance and practice level of well-being-associated food habits, the most frequent response in this study was 'Consume home-made food rather than processed or ready-to-eat food' ($4.30{\pm}0.86$, $3.68{\pm}1.04$). In terms of importance level, the factors most relevant to well-being in terms of food habits were education level, marital satisfaction, residence type, self-assessed health status, smoking, drinking, regular exercises and leisure activities. With regard to practice levels, the degree to which subjects engaged in food habits targeted toward well-being differed meaningfully depending on marital status, marital satisfaction, residence type, family type, self-assessed health status, smoking, drinking, nutritional supplement intake, regular exercises and leisure activities. After analyzing the correlation among stress level, food habit score and the attitude towards well-being-related dietary habits (importance and practice level), we observed a meaningful relationship between the four factors at the level of p<0.001. According to the above result, continuous attention to health, including the appropriate control of smoking and drinking, as well as, stress management, via regular exercises and appropriate food habits is expected to exert a positive influence on the prevention of disease, and is also expected to improve quality of life. For all well-being-associated items, the importance level was shown to be higher than the practice level. Thus, in order to foster health-oriented food habits, we recommend that a new plan be designed, targeted toward ease of active practice for middle-aged men.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.115-129
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the actual dental hygiene status of workers in cement industry in an effort to serve as a basis for enhancing their dental hygiene. The subjects in this study were 420 laborers from the cities of Curi, Donghae and Samcheok who handled cement. As a result of conducting a survey, the following findings were given : l. The workers investigated found their working environment satisfactory, getting a mean score of 323. They also expressed a high job satisfaction with a mean score of 333. 2. They didn't have a big interest in oral health. By age group, those who were aged between 36 and 40, or who cared less about health management, showed a higher interest in oral health. Besides, the laborers who kept smoking for a longer period, or who drunk more, expressed greater interest. 3. The toothbrushing method was considered most important for periodontal health, by 45.0% of the workers, and the next most crucial one was regular dental examination, followed by refraining from smoking and staying away from sweet food in the order named. 4. Concerning daily mean toothbrushing frequency, 455% brushed their teeth three times a day on the average. More than half them didn't pay enough attention to toothbrushing. 5. Regarding scaling, the large number of the workers, 42.4%, had no experience to get their teeth scaled, 37.6%, the greatest percentage, didn't have their teeth scaled because it seemed to make their teeth painful or cold. 6. As fororal health education experience, 67.6%, the great number of them, had no experience to receive dental health education. The above-mentioned findings suggest that the cement-related workers generally neglected dental health management. They should be encouraged to correct their wrong oral health knowledge or habit to make their oral cavity more healthy. To make it happen, it's required to provide oral health education and promote organized dental health projects.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2019

구강질환인 치주질환은 학령기 후반에 치은염으로 시작되어 청소년기에 점차 증가 하면서 청장년기에 이르기까지 유병률은 계속 증가되어 결국 치아상실에 이르는 만성질환으로 전 생애 예방관리가 매우 중요하다. 치주질환은 구강건강행위를 통해 예방하고 관리될 수 있기 때문에 성인의 구강건강행위와 치주질환간의 관련성을 연구하고 이에 대한 중요성을 강조하고자 한다. 국민건강영양조사 제6기 3차(2015년)년도 자료를 활용하여 연구대상자의 구강건강행위에 따른 치주질환 유병률 비교결과 잇몸병 치료, 잇솔질 시기, 치실, 치간칫솔 사용, 주관적 구강건강상태에서 통계적 의미가 있었다. 구강건강행위 습관이 치주질환과 관련이 있음을 고려할 때 올바른 구강위생관리를 위한 구강보건교육 프로그램의 개발과 실천을 위한 체계적인 추가 연구를 제안한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제41권8호
• /
• pp.797-808
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 울산지역 중학생을 대상으로 식습관과 간식섭취 실태, 생활습관 등을 조사하여 중학생들의 식생활과 관련된 문제점을 파악하고, 올바른 식습관 형성을 위한 영양 교육의 기초자료로 제공하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.조사대상자의 성별은 남학생 144명 (48.0%), 여학생 156명 (52.0%)이었고, 평균신장은 남학생 162.3 cm, 여학생 159.8 cm이고, 평균체중은 남학생 54.1 kg, 여학생 49.0kg으로 나타났다. 조사대상자의 한 달 평균 용돈은 59.0%가 1${\sim}$3만원 미만으로 가장 많았고, 본인의 건강상태는 건강한 편이다가 55.7%로 가장 많았다. 일상적인 식생활에서 하루 2번의 식사는 47.0%가 규칙적으로 한다고 하였으며, 결식끼니는 아침, 저녁, 점심의 순으로 나타났고 28.7%가 아침 식사를 일주일에 1${\sim}$2회 결식한다고 하였다. 아침 결식의 이유로는 늦게 일어나서가 54.3%로 가장 많았고, 편식여부에서는 조금 한다가 75.0%로 가장 많았고, 편식의 이유로는 맛이 없어서가 60.7%로 가장 높았다. 간식섭취 빈도는 하루 2회 이상 (11.0%)에서부터 주 3회 정도 (38.0%)까지 다양하였으며, 간식섭취 이유는 배가 고파서 (50.3%), 맛이 있어서 (22.7%), 습관적으로 (9.3%)의 순 이었다. 간식 선택의 기준은 맛 (77.7%), 영양 (9.0%),양 (6.3%)의 순이었다. 간식섭취 시간은 67.0%가 방과 후와 학원수업을 마친 후가 많았다. 자주 섭취하는 간식의 종류로는 과일류, 우유 및 유제품, 과자 및 스낵류의 순으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 차이에서는 남학생이 감자튀김을 더 많이 섭취하였고 여학생은 과일류와 과자 및 초콜릿, 커피를 더 많이 섭취하였다. 간식을 구매할 때 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 가격에 영향을 더 받아서 멀더라도 할인점을 찾았으며, 조사대상자의 24.7%는 영양표시를 전혀 확인하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일상적인 식습관을 나타내는 식습관 점수는 남학생 49.27 ${\pm}$ 7.53점, 여학생 48.54 ${\pm}$ 7.81점으로 남학생이 조금 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 하루에 세끼 모두 식사를 한다 (4.31 ${\pm}$ 1.03점)와 아침식사를 규칙적으로 한다 (4.17 ${\pm}$ 1.11점)의 항목에서는 남학생이 여학생보다 유의적으로 더 높은 점수를 보였고, 가공식품을 자주 먹지 않는다 (3.03 ${\pm}$ .075점)와 자극적인 음식을 먹지 않는다 (2.99 ${\pm}$ 0.80점)의 항목에서는 여학생이 유의적으로 점수가 높았다. 간식섭취에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 한 달 용돈이 많을수록 유의적으로 간식섭취빈도가 높았고, 식습관 점수는 낮았다. 식습관에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 1일 PC 이용시간과 TV시청시간으로 PC 이용시간과 TV 시청시간이 많을수록 식습관 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 섭취하는 간식의 종류에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 BMI가 높을수록 과일류의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 낮았고, 식습관 점수와 과일류, 우유 및 유제품, 집에서 조리한 음식은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 반면 탄산음료, 감자튀김 및 햄버거 등은 식습관 점수와 음의 상관성을 보여 식습관 점수가 낮을수록 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 중학생들이 간식을 섭취하는 주된 이유로는 배가 고파서와 맛이 있어서이었고 선택기준으로는 맛과 양이 중요하게 나타났다. 성장발육이 왕성한 시기에 정규식사에서 부족한 영양을 보충하기위해서는 간식의 섭취가 중요하므로 간식을 선택할 때 보다 더 영양적인 측면을 고려해야 하겠고 스스로 올바른 식생활을 영위하려는 생활태도와 영양에 대한 바른 인식이 필요하다고 하겠다. 따라서 이들의 현명한 식품구매 능력을 키워주고 올바른 식습관 형성을 위해 학교와 가정에서는 체계적인 영양교육을 실시하여 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권9호
• /
• pp.1388-1397
• /
• 2005

울산지역 기숙사 거주 대학생 758명을 대상으로 일반환경요인, 식생활 및 건강관련 요인, 식습관, 영양지식, 기숙사급식소 이용실태를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자는 남자가 580명 ($76.5\%$), 여자가 178명 ($23.5\%$)으로 평균나이 20.7세, 신장은 남녀 각각 $175.2\pm5.0\;cm,\;162.6\pm4.1\;cm$이었으며, 체중은 $69.4\pm9.6\;kg,\;51.8\pm5.9\;kg$으로 나타나 한국인 영양권장량에 제시되어 있는 성인남녀 기준치와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 식생활과 건강관련 요인에서는 기숙사 거주 학생의 $26.8\%$가 항상 결식을 하며, 그 중에서도 아침 결식율이 $76.8\%$로 높게 나타났고, 편식을 한다는 응답이 $43.8\%$로 남학생보다 여학생의 편식율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 편식식품으로는 생선류, 기타, 육류, 채소류 순이었다. 매일 규칙적으로 운동하는 학생은 $8.7\%$, 흡연율은 $28.6\%$였다. 특히 식생활에서 주목할 만한 사항은 간식 섭취율로, 과거보다 간식을 통한 열량 섭취가 많아졌으며 자택거주 학생보다 가공식품, 편의식품을 이용할 기회가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 식습관 점수는 평균 $59.9\pm11.0$으로 남학생(60.6 $60.6\pm10.9$점)이 여학생($57.7\pm11.4$점)보다 높은 점수를 얻었으며, 거주기 간이 길수록 식습관 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.01). 영양지식 점수는 전체평균 $7.8\pm1.8$점으로 남자 $7.6\pm1.8$점, 여자 $8.5\pm1.3$점으로 나타났으며, 이에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 성별, 거주기간, 용돈으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 영양지식 점수가 높으면 식습관 점수도 좋은 것으로 예상하였으나 오히려 식습관 점수가 높은 남학생의 영양지식 점수가 여학생보다 더 낮은 것으로 나타나서 유의적인 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 영양지식이 실생활로 실천이잘 되지 않았기 때문에 비롯된 것이라고 생각한다. 하루 평균 2회 이상 기숙사 급식소를 이용하는 학생은 전체의 $82.7\%$로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 여학생보다 남학생이 더 자주 이용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 개선되어야할 항목으로는 음식의 품질과 메뉴의 다양성으로 나타났다. 현재 기숙사에서는 영양교육과 식사에 대한 인식이 미흡한 실정이므로 앞으로 기숙사 급식에 의존하는 학생들이 많아질 것을 감안할 때 학생 스스로가 영양교육 프로그램에 참여할 수 있도록 기숙사 자체의 홈페이지를 통하여 동기를 부여하고 학생들이 피드백 할 수 있도록 지속적인 관리가 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.170-178
• /
• 1990

본연구는 아파트 거주 주부들의 비만실태와 비만요인을 분석해보고자 대구시내 30평형 이상의 아파트에 거주하는 30~49세의 주부들, 103명을 대상으로 일반환경, 식습관, 식품섭취량, 24시간 생활시간 및 체중조절에 관한 관심을 설문조사하였으며, 신장 체중 및 좌측상완 피부두겹두께를 측정하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 학력은 대졸이상이 53.6%에 해당하는 고학력이었으며, 2명의 자녀를 둔 4명의 가족 구성이 가장 많았고, 경제수준은 비교적 높은 편이었다. 2) 상대적 체중에 따라 분류한 대상자의 체위 분포는 저체중이 4.9%, 정상체중이 44.7%, 과체중이 24.3%, 비만은 26.5%에 해당하였으며, Body Mass Index(BMI)에 기준해서는 비만대상자가 24.3%에 해당하였다. 3) 식습관점수는 평균 12.4로 좋은 편이었으며, RBW에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 영양섭취 상태는 평균에너지 섭취량이 2247kcal로서 권장량의 112%였으며, 철분을 제외한 모든 영양소들의 섭취량이 권장량을 초과하였으며, 1일 에너지섭취량은 RBW에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4)BMI를 종속 변수로 한 희귀방정식, BMI=25.216+(0.836$\times$가족수)-(0,309$\times$대상자의 교육년수)-(0.00503$\times$가사노동시간,분) 에서 나타난 바와 같이 본 대상 주부의 비만도는 자신의 교육수준과 가족수 및 가사노동시간에 의하여 영향을 받았으며, 이와 같은 관계는 통계적으로 유의하였으며(P<0.001), 비만도에 대한 변량의 23.7%를 설명하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.188-197
• /
• 2001

The nutritional status is important for the physical and mental development of children. Children should have sufficient nutrient intake, specially for the developmentally disabled children. In spite of the importance not much research has been done for their food habit and nutritional status. In this study, nutritional status of the disabled children were examined, the number of children studied is 50 children in Seoul between 5 to 6 years old, of whom 11 were austism, 5 were mentally retarded children and 8 were down\\`s syndrome. In order to get the data questionnaires about the food habit and other related factors, and two days food records were used. Their mean height was 108.8$\pm$21.0cm and their average weight was 19.5$\pm$4.6kg. The proportion of study subject with problems of the food habits was 36%, without keeping the regular meal time was 16%, and having snacks 2-4 time daily was 56%. They chose confectionery and fruits as their favorite snacks. The proportion of study subject with the sensitivity to the food colors and smells when they ate was 54%, unskilled using spoon and fork was 58%, and having medications was 20%. When we asked them whether their parents used the food as compensation means or not, 32% of them said that they did it often or sometimes. For the nutrient intake, energy was 1,703 $\pm$ 511kcal, carbohydrate was 242.5 $\pm$ 69.3g, protein was 61.3 $\pm$ 17.5g, lipid was 50.0 $\pm$ 24.4g. As the nutrient intake, it was compared with RDA. The intake of vitamin A and calcium were below RDA. Intake of protein was more than 150% of RDA. The proportion of subject with more than 125% of RDA was 72% for the phosphorus, 62% for the protein, 60% for the Vitamin A and calcium were below 0.75 and that of the others was above 0.75. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was 0.88. As we sum up the results of the research, the developmentally disabled children were shorter and lighter than the reference, were having medications, had excessive appetites, and had unbalanced diets. Also they had the bad food habit. As for the nutritional intake, vitamin A and calcium intake were a little less than RDA, and protein and phosphorus intake were too much. With the results of the above research for the disabled children, we can conclude that there are need to take some necessary measures for those children. To establish some programs measures for their better food environment, it is thought that much more research should be done in the future. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 188-197, 2001)