• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1992

This study was conducted to follow the patient referral system operated from the primary health care facilities to the hospital in a rural area of Korea. The subject for this study was sampled from a community health development project carried out by the Korea University in Yeoju Kun, Kyonggi Province. The data of referred patients from primary health care facilities were collected during the period from January 1989 to December 1989. The data was sorted out by a computer system using Database package. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. Characteristics of the referred patients were: males $32.0\%$. and females $68.0\%$. The more elderly of the patients visited to the hospital after having been referred there by CHPs or public physicians, $25.9\%$ has been to hospital on at least one previous occasion as against $74.1\%$ for whom it was there first visit. 2. The majority of patients who were referred to a hospital where: medicine $44.3\%$ and orthopedics$16.4\%$, major diseases were : diseases of digestive system $(21.3\%)$ ; symptoms and ill defined conditions $(17.3\%)$ ; diseases of the muscular skeletal system and connective tissue$(14.2\%)$. chronic illness was $82.0\%$ and acute illlness was $18.0\%$. 3. From Community health practitioners more patients referred than the public physicians. Categoris of diseases of the referred patients were different between community health practitioners and public physicians. Due to the. respective differences between the medical restrictions put on the nursing staffs at the community health practitioners and public physicians. From this study it was recommended to define the reason of differences between ~he two groups in futher study. Study as to 1) why one group should be referring more for hospital treatment than the other. And 2) why the two agencies should be referring different diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.403-410
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• 2018

Lifestyle of adolescents cause a lot of health effects in the future. Therefore, in Korea, school health law was enacted and relevant business such as school education program is being carried out. This study was conducted to recognize symptom according to grade. A survey of youth health status was conducted at 19 middle and high schools in Seongnam city from May 2015 to December 2015. The survey made up of 14 questions which was about the health status satisfaction on the adolescent was conducted to investigate frequency by year and the respective health status of 6 grades. A total of 9,584 students responded to the survey, 58.22% answered that they were not free of constipation. 25.69% of respondents had no symptoms of headache, consequently over 70% of respondents had headache. 57.06% of respondents had no symptoms of low back pain and 34.7% had no symptoms of neck & shoulder pain, therefore over 50% of respondents had muscular skeletal symptoms. In menstrual history, only 17.95% of respondents said their period was regular and painless. In respiratory history, except cold, no nasal drop & obstruction has appeared in the group of 54.02%. And 62.97% of respondents had persistent cough usually with cold and 23.41% had cough with cold breeze even if not catch cold. In the third grade of high school students, there were many complaints of pain in various parts such as headache, back pain and shoulder pain, neck pain and menstrual pain, and there was a high rate of complaints of digestive system symptom and defecation symptom. More than half of respondent had constipation discomfort, headache and musculo-skeletal symptoms, menstrual problems and cough. In the third grade of high school students, the rate of complaints of pain complaints, digestive system symptoms, and bowel symptoms was high. Therefore, there is a need for measures and management for continuous health care and health promotion in accordance with students' symptoms and age at each grade level.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2013

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are top priorities for cancer control in Korea. In terms of epidemiological, population-health and economic burden, GI cancers such as stomach, liver and colorectal cancers have been top four cancers in the nation during the past decade and this trend is likely to continue in the near future. In order to reduce the great burden of GI cancer in Korea, the nation might need the following strategies: (1) to put more focus on primary prevention on infection/diet and related research; (2) to improve screening rates for colorectal and stomach cancers, and conduct more cost-effectiveness analysis of these screening programs, e.g., Fecal Occult Blood Test vs. colonoscopy; (3) to establish a more consistent and integrative cost-effectiveness analysis system for new cancer treatments and anticancer drugs; and (4) to place more emphasis on hospice and other palliative care of GI cancer, as well as on the etiology, staging and treatment of pancreas cancer with its poor survival rate.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the hazards of whole body vibration(WBV) and prevent human injuries due to WBV. Background: Vibrations that shake the whole body in vehicles and vessels is WBV. Vibration at a specific frequency, and intensity in the human body can act as a hazard. But, it has not yet done enough research about effects of WBV. Method: We analyzed and reviewed occupational or ergonomic papers published past 30 years. Results: Exposure to whole body vibration can cause permanent physical injury or damage of the nervous system. In addition, it may cause problem in the cardiovascular system, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, endocrine system, reproductive system, and psychological system. The effect of vibration depends on its acceleration, duration, frequency, and direction. Conclusion: WBV-exposed human body experience a high risk of some illnesses such as lumbar spinal disorders. Some workers(bus drivers, truck drivers and heavy equipment operators) are the high risk population exposed to WBV. Application: The results of this study might help to judge and prevent occupational disease caused by WBV.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2009

Whole-body insulin resistance results largely from impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Our previous studies using differential display and quantitative real-time RT-PCR have shown that a novel cDNA band (DD23) had a higher level of expression in insulin resistant skeletal muscle and it was correlated with whole-body insulin action, independent of age, sex, and percent body fat. In this study, we cloned and characterized DD23. The DD23 sequence is part of the 3'UTR region of the RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein (RBMS3). We have cloned the full length cDNA for RBMS3 and identified two splice variants. These variants named DD23-L and DD23-S have 15 and 14 exons respectively and differ from RBMS3 in the 3'UTR significantly. Northern blot analyses showed that an ~8.8 kb mRNA transcript of DD23 was predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and to a lesser extent in placenta, but not in heart, brain, lung, liver, or kidney, unlike RBMS3. Elevated expression levels of these novel alternatively spliced variants of RBMS3 in skeletal muscle may play a role in whole body insulin resistance.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2011

Health insurance review & Assessment service (HIRA) has enforced cutting the drug costs when physicians prescribe split extended release drugs, starting from December, 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze extended release and enteric coated drugs on pharmaceutical reimbursement list in Korea, and to investigate the impact and barriers of the health insurance review on splitting extended-release formulation drugs. By using the ingredient code, extended release and enteric coated formulations make up 7.8% of all drugs in April, 2011. The most frequently used drugs are agent affecting circulatory and digestive system. From the extended release and enteric coated formulations (n=112), 34.8% (n=39) were not available in other dosage forms. According to questionnaire survey for 169 pharmacists (response rate: 73.8%), the rate of splitting and crushing of extended release and enteric coated drugs decreased. When pharmacists correct physician's prescription errors, the biggest problem was lack of other dosage forms. So it is necessary to develop variety of other dosage forms, and computerized checking system for splitting extended-release drugs. It is also important to inform physicians and patients in regard to the problems of split prescription of extended release and enteric coated drugs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3163-3168
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• 2013

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in folate metabolism. This study with 381 esophageal cancer patients and 432 healthy controls was conducted to examine the association of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) in a Chinese population. Compared with the CC genotype of MTHFR C677T, subjects carrying homozygote TT and variant genotypes (CT+TT) demonstrated reduced risk of EC with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.28-0.71) and 0.57 (0.37-0.88), respectively. However, no association was found between the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and the risk of EC. Comparing to haplotype CA, haplotypes TA and TC could reduce the susceptibility to EC with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.61(0.47-0.79) and 0.06 (0.01-0.43), respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism can markedly influence the risk of EC in Chinese.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the burden experienced by nursing personnel working irregular shifts in Greece and to conduct the first test of a Greek version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out. The SSI was completed by 365 nurses and nursing assistants working shifts, including nights. Results: Female nursing personnel and those suffering from a chronic disease were most affected by working rotating shifts as they had elevated scores on the majority of the SSI scales, such as sleep, chronic fatigue, digestive and cardiovascular problems, general health questionnaire, cognitive and somatic anxiety, shift time satisfaction, engagement and disengagement strategies, languidity, flexibility, and neurotisicm. Nurses with longer working experience and those with family responsibilities also scored higher on some of the SSI scales, such as the sleep, shift time satisfaction, social and domestic disruption, disengagement strategies, morningness, and languidity scales. Conclusion: Shiftwork affects female nurses, those with chronic disease, older age, and domestic responsibilities more severely. Therefore management should take these factors into account when designing work schedules to alleviate the burden caused by shiftwork.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the status of occupational health management and the degree of recognition about the occupational health management of employees 248 small-scale enterprises which have been managed by the small-scale enterprises health care management support institution in 1999, were selected for study, in Kwang-Ju City. 98 employees were selected in 116 industries of them to grasp recognition of employees about the occupational health management. ► The Status of Occupational Health Management 1. Of the sample industries, 62.1 percent employed eleven to twenty-nine workers. Of the sample workers, 72.1 percent occupied workers who were engaged in the production line. 2. Environment evaluation was made on 82.7 percent of the sample industries and general exam made on 66.5 percent and specific health exam done on 73.4 percent. 3. The harmful factors in the sample industries were found to lie noise, dust, solvent, heavy metal, etc. 4. In general health exam 1,774 workers were participated and 148 workers got the result of above grade C and were diagnosed as having the problems with digestive system (63.6%), circulatory system(20.6%). etc. ► The Degree of Recognition about The Occupational Health Management of Employees. 1. Respondents were mainly in the twenties (42.9%), males(69.1%), duration of working period of five to ten years(24.0%), office workers(51.0%), monthly income under one million(55.7%). 2. Recognition of employees about the occupational health management consists of workplace environmental evaluation, health education, health exam and protector management. Their recognition on health education showed high score (mean 3.1), but generally the score was low(mean 2.9).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

It has been suggested that people who suffer from impaired masticatory function may adapt food consistency to their oral status (which may lead to deficient nutrient intake) or rely on the digestive system to compensate for the lack of oral preparation of food (which may increase the likelihood of digestive diseases and decrease gut absorption). Masticatory deficiency thus may be detrimental to health. This article reviews evidence of the effects of masticatory deficiency on nutrition. The selection of relevant literature was based on Medline queries using the following key words: mastication, nutrition, digestion, diet, and disease risk. Earlier work not listed in Medline but related to the subject also was reviewed. Only publications available in English were selected for inclusion. It is difficult to draw conclusions from many of the reviewed studies due to issues related to study design, confounding variables, and the subjective nature of the measurements. In particular, data supporting a link between masticatory function and deficient dietary intake often are based on relatively weak correlations and cannot confer a causal relationship.