• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.451-463
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• 2016

We explore the impact of Chinese future air pollutant emissions on ozone air quality in Northeast Asia (NEA) and health in South-Korea using an assessment framework including ICAMS (The Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System) and BenMAP (The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program). The emissions data sets from the climate change scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (emission scenarios, EMSO), are used to simulate ozone air quality in NEA in the current (1996~2005, 2000s), the near future (2016~2025, 2020s) and the distant future (2046~2055, 2050s). Furthermore, the simulated ozone changes in the 2050s are used to analyze ozone-related premature mortality and economic cost in South-Korea. While different EMSOs are applied to the China region, fixed EMSO are used for other country regions to isolate the impacts of the Chinese emissions. Predicted ozone changes in NEA are distinctively affected by large changes in NOx emission over most of China region. Comparing the 2020s with the 2000s situation, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations in NEA is simulated under RCP 8.5 and similarly small increases are under other RCPs. In the 2050s in NEA, the largest increase in mean ozone concentrations is simulated under RCP 6.0 and leads to the occurrence of the highest premature mortalities and economic costs in South-Korea. Whereas, the largest decrease is simulated under RCP 4.5 leads to the highest avoided premature mortality numbers and economic costs. Our results suggest that continuous reduction of NOx emissions across the China region under an assertive climate change mitigation scenario like RCP 4.5 leads to improved future ozone air quality and health benefits in the NEA countries including South-Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2022

Objective : In March 2020, World Health Organization declared a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The disease caused by this virus is called COVID-19. Due to its high contagiousness, many changes have occurred in overall areas of our daily life including hospital use by patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on volume of spine surgery in South Korea using the National Health Insurance database and compare it with the volume of a homologous period before the pandemic. Methods : Data of related to spine surgery from January 2019 to April 2021 were obtained from the National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Primary outcomes were total number of patients, rate of patients per 100000 population, and total number of procedures. The number of patients by hospital size was also analyzed. Results : COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in South Korea in March, August, and December of 2020. Compared to the previous year, the total number of patients who underwent spinal surgery showed a decrease for 2-3 months after the first and second outbreaks. However, it showed an increasing trend after the third outbreak. The same pattern was observed in terms of the ratio of the number of patients per 100000 population. Between 2019 and 2021, the mean number of spine surgeries per month tended to increase. Mean annual medical expenses increased over the years (p=0.001). When the number of spine surgeries was analyzed by hospital size, proportion of tertiary general hospital in 2021 increased compared to those in 2019 and 2020 (vs. 2019, p=0.012; vs. 2020, p=0.016). The proportion of general hospital was significantly decreased in 2020 compared to that in 2019 (p=0.037). Conclusion : After the COVID-19 outbreak, patients tended to postpone spinal surgery temporarily. The number of spinal surgeries decreased for 2-3 months after the first and second outbreaks. However, as the ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic at the hospital and society-wide level gradually increased, the number of spine surgeries did not decrease after the third outbreak in December 2020. In addition, the annual number of spine surgeries continued to increase. However, it should be noted that patients tend to be increasingly concentrated in tertiary hospitals for spinal surgery.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.414-431
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• 2016

현재 국내에는 많은 휴 폐광산들이 존재하며, 이로부터 다양한 중금속 오염물질(As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn)들이 광산 주변 토양, 지하수, 지표수, 농작물로 유입되어 주민들의 건강에 심각한 위해를 끼치고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 폐금속 광산에 거주하는 주민들의 특성에 맞는 노출인자를 추출하고, 적합한 노출경로를 설정하여, 국내 폐금속 광산인 양곡광산과 삼산제일광산 지역 두 곳을 선정하여 중금속오염에 대한 인체위해성평가를 수행하였다. 최종적으로 얻은 발암위해도의 경우 두 광산 모두 허용 가능한 발암위해도인 $1{\times}10^{-6}$의 값을 초과하여 발암위해성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 비발암위해도의 경우 수용체별로 차이를 보였는데, 양곡광산의 성인남자와 성인여자, 삼산제일광산의 성인남자의 위해지수가 1보다 큰 값을 나타내어 비발암위해성이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 양곡광산의 어린이, 삼산제일광산의 성인여자와 어린이를 대상으로 한 위해지수는 1보다 작은 값을 나타내어 비발암위해성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 발암위해성을 유발하는 주요 노출경로는 지하수섭취와 농작물섭취이며, 주요한 중금속 오염물질은 비소인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 비발암위해성을 유발하는 주요 노출경로도 발암위해성과 동일하게 지하수섭취와 농작물섭취이며, 주요 중금속 오염물질은 비소, 구리, 납인 것으로 조사되었다. 두 광산의 발암위해도를 비교해 보면 양곡광산이 삼산제일광산보다 10배 정도 높게 나타났으며, 비발암위해도의 경우에도 양곡광산이 삼산제일광산보다 4배 정도 높게 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 양곡광산의 상대적으로 매우 높은 비소 지하수노출농도로부터 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 수행한 국내 폐금속 광산 중금속 오염에 대한 인체 위해성평가는 여러 노출인자의 부재로 인해 노출량을 산정하지 못하는 한계가 있었다. 또한 농작물섭취경로에 의한 노출량 산정 시 농작물을 직접 분석하여 얻는 농작물노출농도 대신에 토양노출농도와 토양-농작물 생 축적계수(bioconcentration factor, BCF)를 이용하였는데 이로 인한 오차가 발생할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.863-874
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형과 random forest를 이용하여 미래 기후변화에 따른 한강유역($34,148km^2$)의 수생태계 건강성을 평가하였다. 국립환경과학원에서 8년간(2008~2015년) 봄철(4~6월)에 모니터링한 부착돌말류 지수(TDI), 저서형 대형무척추동물지수(BMI), 어류평가지수(FAI)는 0~100점, A~E등급으로 평가되며, 이를 본 연구에서 사용하였다. 수생태 건강성에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 수질(T-N, $NH_4$, $NO_3$, T-P, $PO_4$)과 수온을 선정하였으며, 수질 오염도가 낮은 경우에는 수생태계 건강성 점수가 광범위하게 분포되지만 수질 오염도가 높은 경우 수생태계 건강성 점수가 낮아지는 역상관관계를 확인하였다. 기계학습의 분류 분석 기법 중 하나인 random forest 모델을 이용한 세 개의 수생태 건강성 지수 등급분류 결과 정밀도, 재현율, f1-score 모두 0.81 이상의 예측 정확도를 나타내었다. 기상청의 HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5와 8.5 시나리오를 적용한 미래 SWAT 수문, 수질 결과 기저유출의 증가로 인해 질소 계열 수질 농도는 기준년도 대비 최대 43.2% 증가하였고, 지표유출 감소로 인해 인 계열수질 오염도는 최대 18.9% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 미래 FAI, BMI의 등급은 개선되는 경향을 보이지만 TDI는 등급이 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 TDI는 질소 계열 수질에 민감하고 FAI, BMI는 인 계열 수질에 더 민감하다고 판단하였다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to find grounds for the development of a health promotion program by examining the risk factors affecting children in low-income families. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were 288 children under 13 years of age in We-Start, W city. The tools used included a household information questionnaire and risk assessment tools. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. Results: Risk factors like disability problems (β=.38, p<.001), residential environment (β=.37, p<.001), parenting type (β=.27, p=.003), the foster's educational level (β=.22, p=.011), and the gender of the child (β=.19, p=.030) explained 51% (p<.001) of the preschoolers in crisis. For the schooler, academic achievement (β=.39, p<.001), disability problems (β=.24, p<.001), adaptation to school (β=.23, p<.001), noise from the environment (β=.20, p<.001), and the foster's job (β=-.15, p=.007) explained 50% (p<.001) of crisis of schooler. Conclusion: The study found that children (disability, gender), family (residential environment, type of parenting), and caregivers (educational level, economic competence) had a complex impact on crisis situations. In children of a school-going age, school life appeared to be an important influencing factor. Therefore, an integrated case management approach that considers children, carers, and the home environment is necessary.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for pulmonary function in normal-weight and obese women. Methods: Data from women aged ${\geq}40$ years were obtained from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obesity was measured by BMI and WC and pulmonary function was measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and a ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$/FVC). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for assessment of the association between FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC and obesity variables. Results: BMI showed positive association with FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, and WC showed positive association with $FEV_1$ and $FEV_1$/FVC in normal-weight women. BMI and WC showed negative association with FVC, $FEV_1$ in obese women. A 1 unit increase in BMI showed an association with a 25-mL reduction in FVC and a 19-mL reduction in $FEV_1$. A 1-cm increase in WC showed an association with a 6-mL reduction in FVC and a 4-mL reduction in $FEV_1$. Conclusions: BMI and WC showed negative association with pulmonary function in obese adult women. Therefore, obese women with reduced pulmonary function should be encouraged to lose weight for improvement of their pulmonary function.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The nutrition of the elderly depends on various factors. Oral health, especially oral dryness, can be an important risk factor. In this study, we attempted to determine whether dry mouth is associated with compromised nutrient intakes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 120 participants aged 65-86 yrs (mean age: 69 ± 1 y) were included in this study. Demographic and health-related characteristics, living status, meals, number of medications, medical conditions, chewing ability, and quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile (the OHIP-14) were assessed. We performed one day 24-hr recall assessment for nutrient analyses. The differences of the means between the dry-mouth and non-dry-mouth groups were analyzed. Elderly subjects with xerostomia-induced dry mouth were classified as those who reported at least one dryness symptom on a questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant difference in population distribution was observed among the elderly who took medications for hypertension, diabetes and osteoporosis and was significantly higher in the dry-mouth group (70.2%) than in the non-dry-mouth group (44.4%) (P = 0.005). Compared with the non-dry-mouth group (50.8%), a significantly higher proportion (73.7%) of participants in the dry-mouth group took multiple medicines (≥ 4 medications) (P = 0.019). The intakes of vegetable fat, vitamin E, folate and water in the dry-mouth group were lower than in the non-dry-mouth group. The intakes of fluoride and ω-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in the dry-mouth group than in the non-dry-mouth group. CONCLUSION: The participants in the dry-mouth group exhibited low nutrient and water intakes. It is recommended that the elderly with dry mouth should drink sufficient water and receive targeted and specific nutritional guidance to prevent malnutrition.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Major objectives of the study were to analyze chemical and biological influences of the river ecosystem on the artificial weir construction at three regions of Sejong-Weir (S_j-W), Gongju-Weir (G_j-W), and Baekje-Weir (B_j-W) during 2008-2012. After the weir construction, the discharge volume increased up to 2.9 times, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the decrease of total phosphorus (TP) was also evident after the weir construction, but still hyper-eutrophic conditions, based on criteria by , were maintained. Multi-metric model of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) showed that IBI values averaged 21.0 (range: 20-22; fair condition) in the B_wc, and 14.3 (range: 12-18; poor condition) in the A_wc. The model values of IBI in S_j-W and G_j-W were significantly decreased after the weir construction. The model of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) showed that two groups (cluster I and cluster II) of B_wc and A_wc were divided in the analysis based on the clustering map trained by the SOM. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was similar to the results of the SOM analysis. Taken together, this research suggests that the weir construction on the river modified the discharge volume and the physical habitat structures along with distinct changes of some chemical water quality. These physical and chemical factors influenced the ecosystem health, measured as a model value of IBI.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2003

The aim of study was to investigate the effects of 12 forms of Sun-style Tai-Chi for arthritis(TCA) on physical symptom(pain, tenderness, swelling fatigue, and blood pressure), physical function(balance, flexibility, grip strength) and social-psychological health status in osteoarthritis(OA) patients and rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients. This study was done with one group pretest-posttest design. A total 21 arthritis patients(6 OA patient and 15 RA patient) participated in 60 minute session consisting of warm-up exercise 12-main movement including qigong, and cool-down exercise twice a week for 6weeks. Physiological and social-psychological variables were measured before and after TCA 12 form. The researcher who completed a Tai Chi workshop for exercise leaders in Australia and Seoul taught the Tai Chi movement step by step until the patient felt comfort enough to perform them correctly by themselves during the first 4 weeks. At the last 2 weeks, the subject perform 10-15set of these at a session with traditional music to help patients move in a slow tempo. TCA 12 forms program showed significant improvement in fatigue(p=0.039) of rheumatoid arthritis patient and pain(p=0.006), fatigue(p=0.013), tenderness(p=0.032), flexibility(rt arm up, p=0.014, If arm up, P=0.003), grip strength(rt hand, p=0.002, If hand, P=0.003) of osteoarthritis patients. With assessment by Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 questionnaire(AIMS2), physical component(0.002) and social interaction(0.025) on osteoarthritis patients were significantly improved. Evaluation of the participants about TCA exercise noted that the exercise was fairly easy(23.6%), moderately difficult(57.1%), and fairly difficult(14.3%). Considering the result of this study, TCA exercise program was more effective in pain, tenderness, grip strength, flexibility, and physical and social interaction on osteoarthritis patients than rheumatoid arthritis patients. Tai-Chi for arthritis 12 form was an appropriate intensity exercise for osteoarthritis patients.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-135
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• 2008

성 인지적인 연구란 연구 주체인 연구자 구성에서의 성적 불균형, 과학기술 연구결과의 수혜자들의 성적 불균형, 그리고 연구대상의 성적 불균형을 시정한 연구를 의미한다. 이 논문에서는 성 인지적인 연구란 무엇이며, 유럽 및 미국 등에서 성 인지적 연구들이 어떻게 제도화되고 있는지를 살펴보고, 이들 경험에 비추어 한국의 보건 분야 국가 연구개발사업의 성 인지성을 분석해본다. 성 인지 연구는 NIH의 "임상연구에 여성과 소수자들을 피 실험자로서 포함시키는 것에 관한 가이드라인"의 제정, 캐나다 GSBA 수단의 개발, 유럽연합 FP 프로그램의 성별영향평가를 통해 제도적인 기반을 갖추어가고 있다. 국내 국가연구개발 사업은 연구개발 사업에서 여성 연구자의 참여가 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 연구 주제에서 성 특이성들이 고려되지 못하고 있으며, 연구결과의 수혜자로서 여성의 특이성을 고려하지 않는 연구수행 등으로 성 인지성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 성별영향평가가 제도화되고 있는 시점에서 성 인지적인 연구가 강화될 수 있도록 여러가지 제도적인 정책을 모색할 필요가 있다.