• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.623-636
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• 2012

Health Belief Model is a socio-psychological theory of decision making to individual health-related behaviors. This study was aimed to develop an effective education program for hypertension based on health belief model. The main factors of health belief model were investigated by focus group interview (FGI) with 23 hypertensive or prehypertensive subjects aged over fifty years. 'Perceived susceptibility' to hypertension was family history, neglect of health care, preference for salty food, broth of soup and stew. Lifelong medication, complications, and medical costs were reported as 'perceived severity' of hypertension. 'Perceived benefits' of hypertension management were decrease of medicinal dose, reduction of medical costs, and healthy eating habits of the family, while 'perceived barriers' were lack of palatability of low salt diet, convenience-oriented dietary habits, and limited choice of foods when eating out. Subjects mentioned TV health programs, public health center programs, and advice from doctors and family as 'cues to action' of hypertension management. These qualitative information provided basis for developing a nutrition education program for hypertension which could be implemented in the public health center. Eight week program was composed of understanding hypertension, risk factor management (eating habits, weight), low salt diet (principles, cooking), advanced management for healthy diet in 2 sessions, and summary. Each session was designed to alert the susceptibility and severity, to emphasize the benefits, and to reduce the barriers by providing dietary monitoring, practical advice, and action tips.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1990

In order to determine the effect of individual patient teaching through home visiting on compliance with sick role behavior and the blood sugar level in diabetic patients, to determine if the effectiveness of the education was still present four year later and to inquire as to the effective time for a repeat education program this study was done through two quasi-experimental researches. The subjects consisted of 52 diabetic patients. The results of the study may be summarized as follows ; 1. Hypothesis I, in which the compliance with sick role behavior, the knowledge on diabetes and the health belief of the experimental group who received a diabetic education program will be higher than those of the control group who didn't receive the diabetic education, was supported by both studies in 1984 and 1988, confirming the effect on diabetic patients of the individualized education through home visiting ; In the 1984 study : Compliance(t＝-11.7, p＜.001) Knowledge(t＝-5.41, p＜.001) Health belief(t＝-4.74, p＜.001) In the 1988 study : Compliance(t＝-4.85, p＜.001) Knowledge(t＝-2.85, p＜.01) Health Belief(t＝-2.99, p＜.005) 2. The Hypothesis II, the blood sugar level of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control, was rejected in both studies, 1984 and 1988. 3. The Hypothesis III, the compliance, knowledge and health belief of the expermental group who received the education program in 1984 will not last till 1988, was supported in part, in compliance and health belief, but not in knowledge. In conclusion those who received the education program twice with an interval of 2 weeks, 4 years ago still had knowledge of diabetes but compliance and health belief had disappeared.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7935-7940
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• 2014

This research was planned to reveal society's attitude towards cancer and early diagnosis using the health belief model. This study was planned as descriptive research in Isparta. A random sample of n=256 individuals of both genders was recruited at the largest shopping center. As a means of collection tool, a survey consisted of two forms, the first designed for sociodemographic information and the second covering 29 questions suitable for the content of Health Belief Model. Of the participants, 66.8% were female and 33.2% were male, and the average age was $33.3{\pm}11.0$ years. Some 46.1% partly thought that they may develop cancer, and 49.6% were afraid of this possibility. As many as 50% indicated that cancer is an issue that comes from Allah. A significant difference was found between not going for control unless feeling bad, and blood analysis for cancer screening (${\chi}^2=3.780$ p= 0.03). It was seen that in an area with a high rate of cancer, people's awareness of cancer prevention and early diagnosis and attitudes towards these are insufficient.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine influential factors related to hand washing practice in dental hygienists by health belief model, one of the major predictors of health behavior including perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action. Methods : The subjects were dental hygienists in dental hospitals, dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals in Seoul. A survey was conducted from May 1 to September 30, 2011. Results : Analysis of health belief of dental hygienists in hand washing, they revealed the highest marks of 4.39 to perceived benefits, followed by perceived susceptibility(4.29), perceived seriousness(3.94), cues to action(3.30) and perceived barriers(1.81). The mean was 4.13 in hand washing practice. The senior and well educated dental hygienists in general hospitals had a tendency to wash hands frequently. It is statistically significant(p<0.05). In regard to the correlation among the subfactors of health beliefs, susceptibility had a statistically significant positive correlation to seriousness, benefits and cues to action, and seriousness was positively correlated to benefits and cues to action. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop and implement hand washing education program for dental hygienists focusing on perceived benefits and barriers which are two of the health beliefs affecting the hand washing practice.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

Objective: This study was to investigate the knowledge, health belief, and vaccination behavior on hepatitis A among university students. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from $3^{rd}$ to $25^{th}$ March, 2014 and 197 subjects were enrolled in statistical analysis. Results: The result showed that the score for knowledge of the subjects on hepatitis A was $4.59{\pm}3.06$ out of 15 points, for health belief $2.39{\pm}0.28$ out of 4 points, and the vaccination rate of the subjects was 12.7%. There was significant difference in hepatitis A knowledge score according to experience of hepatitis A check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members, and in health belief according to gender. For hepatitis A vaccination there was significant difference according to experience of hepatitis A check-up, family history of liver disease, hepatitis A vaccination history of family members, and education history of hepatitis A. As a result of logistic regression analysis experience of hepatitis check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members were significant factors for hepatitis A vaccination. Conclusions: The level of knowledge, health belief for hepatitis A of the subjects was low and vaccination rate also low. The experience of hepatitis A check-up and hepatitis A vaccination history of family members were factors affecting hepatitis A vaccination. It would be necessary to develop programs for improving level of knowledge and health belief and raising the rate of hepatitis A vaccination for the university students in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4595-4599
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucial for treatment and reducing mortality. Beliefs related to colorectal cancer have been found to be a factor in a person's decision about colorectal cancer screening programs. To determine such beliefs, a valid and reliable instrument is necessary. Objective:The aim of this study was to adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale of breast cancer screening in the measurement of beliefs toward colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Materials and Methods: The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the instrument from English into Persian. This study was conducted in Iran from June 2012 to May 2013. A convenience sample of 200 individuals aged 50 years and older was recruited from the population at the outpatient clinics in the three teaching hospitals. Validity was assessed using content, face and construct validity. To test reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity and determine the factors of adapted Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Results: The mean age of the participants were 62.5 years (SD=10.8 years) and the majority of them (75.5 percent) were female. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated a six-factor solution for the questionnaire (benefits, motivation and confidence, seriousness, susceptibility, emotional barriers and background barriers) that jointly accounted for 55.52% of variance observed. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.57 to 0.89 and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 indicating a good range of reliability. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the Persian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale of CRC screening has good psychometric properties and could be an appropriate measure for health beliefs related to CRC screening in national and international studies.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationship of knowledge, health beliefs, and prevention behaviors of osteoporotic fracture in outpatients with osteoporosis. Methods: The subjects were 120 outpatients receiving osteoporosis treatment on K hospital in G city from Dec. 2007 to Feb. 2008. Questionnaires were collected and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program for descriptive statistics, and t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Subjects were treated for fracture about 28 months. The mean score of knowledge, health belief and prevention behaviors in subjects were $17.5{\pm}3.22$, $2.8{\pm}0.23$ and $2.8{\pm}0.38$ respectively. The score of health belief recorded the lowest point. However, the score of knowledge varied with general and disease-related characteristics of subjects. In contrast, the score of prevention behaviors did not showed any significant differences. Fracture prevention behavior in subjects showed rather higher relationship with the health belief system than the knowledge of fracture prevention. Conclusion: The present work suggested that education program for prevention behaviors of fracture should be developed to focus on altering the health belief system rather than the knowledge of osteoporotic fracture prevention. Furthermore, individual education program based on living circumstances and daily life habits should be also developed.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.174-190
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• 1998

Osteoporosis has been known as a common complication of rheumatoid arthritis and a major preventable health problem. Lots of studios have demonstrated that changes in life style can help delay or prevent osteoporosis. Therefore nursing intervention related osteoporosis prevention have consisted of education programs aimed at changing dietary and exercise habit. However knowledge gained from education haven't always leaded to behavior change. Therefore it is important to consider other psychological variables in effecting behavior change. Numerous research have found self efficacy and health belief to be an important factor in individual decision making behavior. The purpose of the study was to develop health belief and efficacy expectation promoting program based on Health Belief Model & Self Efficacy Model and to investigate its effects in women with rheumatoid arthritis. For this purpose, one group pretest-post design was used. The subject of the study were 16 women with rheumatoid arthritis in Pusan city and data collection was carried out from April, 1997 to May, 1998. The intervention program was consisted of educating on osteoporosis and enhancing and reinforcing self efficacy by verbal persuasion during the period of 4 weeks. The instruments were used to collect data in this study were Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Scale, and Osteoporosis Preventive Behavior Scale. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results are as follows : 1) The behavior should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-3.5162, p=.0004, diet : Z=-3.2942, p=.0010, exercise). 2) The sub-hypothesis that perceived sensitivity should be increased after intervention was supported (Z=-2.3854, p=.0171). 3) The sub-hypothesis that perceived severity should be increased after intervention was rejected(Z=-1.4327, p=.1520). 4) The sub-hypothesis that perceived benefit should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-2.6410, p=.0083). 5) The sub-hypothesis that perceived barrier should be decreased after intervention was supported (Z=-2.4138, p=.0158). 6) The sub-hypothesis that efficacy expectation should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-3.5162, p=.0004). As a conclusion, it was found that health belief and self efficacy promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for preventing osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the health belief, perception and need of prevention program for musculoskeletal disease of office workers in a public corporation. Method: We surveyed 339 office workers at a industry based in Ahn Yang, Kyunggi Province, with questionnaires, during the period June 3rd - June 18th, 2004. Result: Forty-four percent of the subjects said they had musculoskeletal symptoms, and 10.9% said they had received medical treatment for musculoskeletal disease in the last year. Factors that affected perception of musculoskeletal disease were appeared to be perceived severity, perceived barrier, cue to action, marital status, regular exercise and age, and they explained 23.2% of perception of musculoskeletal disease. Factors that affected need of prevention program appeared to be perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and PC using hours, and they explained 20.8% of need of prevention program. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggested that in management the prevention of musculoskeletal disease for office workers, it should be considered nursing intervention strategies to reinforce health belief.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support (family, healthcare provider, friends/peer), treatment belief, hope, and health status in patients on hemodialysis, and to identify direct and indirect effects of the variables on patients' health status. Methods: The self-regulation model was used to establish a path model. Data were collected from 240 patients. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: The model was supported by fit statistics ($x^2=3.33$, p=.343, GFI .995, RMSEA .021, AGFI .968, NFI .986, CFI .999, TLI .993). Family and friends/peer support showed a significant direct influence on hope, while healthcare provider support directly influenced treatment belief. Social support, treatment belief, and hope directly and indirectly influenced health status, explaining 28.7% of the variance. Conclusion: These results show mechanisms underlying connections between social support and health status by demonstrating impact of social support and showing treatment belief and hope as mediators between social context and outcomes. To promote health of patients on hemodialysis, it is necessary for patient, family, healthcare professional, and friends to collaborate.