• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing patient satisfaction with medical services in hospital, which is classified into environmental aspect, human services and procedural services. Based on the results of literature review, the study focused on effects of social-demographical factors on patient satisfaction. The environmental aspect of medical care services included medical equipment and facilities, hygiene, ventilation, heating and air-conditioning, waiting and resting space, ward space and parking facilities. Procedural service included registration process, bill payment, waiting time after registration, examination and prescription as well as appointment process. Human services consisted of physicians listening to stories of patients, examination duration, physicians' explanation and physicians' service. As for nurses, explanation about disease, examination procedure and results, kindness and nursing care were evaluated. Services provided by other staff members were also evaluated. Patient satisfaction, defined as individual attitude toward medical service as a whole, was measured using a questionnaire. A total of 700 in-or out-patients were surveyed in 6 hospitals with more than 300 beds in North Gyeongbuk Province. 1. The level of patient satisfaction varied with characteristics of patients. Male patients and those in their 30s had a low level of satisfaction. Dissatisfaction level was positively related to education level but negatively related to economic condition. 2. As for patient satisfaction with medical service providers and other employees in hospital, satisfaction level with physician's explanation about treatment was higher. But dissatisfaction levels with treatment duration and the lack of explanation about examination procedures were high, calling for improvement. Dissatisfaction level with nursing care was high, calling for training of nurses for better service. Given the low level of satisfaction with human services, hospital employees need to be trained to improve their service. 3. It Was found that administrative service was also a significant factor influencing patient satisfaction in addition to medical service. It is therefore important for hospitals to provide patients with prompt and convenient procedural service. 4. Environmental factors such as medical equipment and amenity facilities also affected patient satisfaction. Thus environmental condition, procedural service and human service are all important to improve medical service in hospital. In summary, procedural service was the most significant factor for patient satisfaction. The level of satisfaction in patients was also affected by human service and environmental condition. It is therefore necessary to take patient-oriented approach in providing medical service in an effort to improve patient satisfaction. The finding of a lower level of satisfaction with human service signifies the need for training of healthcare providers and other hospital employees for better services. The introduction of advanced management programs is also needed to improve procedures that patients go through in hospitals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.349-364
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• 2024

본 연구는 AHP를 적용하여 영양교사 및 영양사의 학교급식 식단 작성 시 고려 요인들의 상대적 중요도를 학교급별로 비교함으로써 효율적인 학교급식 식단 구성 방안에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 모집단인 전국 유·초·중·고·특수학교 20,548개교를 대상으로 표본을 추출하여 총 395부 중 166부를 회수하였고, SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 CR이 0.2 이하인 응답에 대해 분석을 진행하였다. AHP를 이용하여 학교급식 식단 구성의 각 분야별 상대적 중요도를 분석한 결과 조리 인력 및 시설, 기호도, 영양의 균형, 조리 과정, 식재료 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 각 분야의 가장 중요한 하위 영역은 조리종사자의 숙련도, 급식대상자의 기호도, 영양소 섭취 기준, 위생, 식품비 예산이었으며, 이는 각 학교급에서 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 더불어 급식 대상자의 기호도, 영양소 섭취 기준, 식품비 예산은 식단 작성 시 어려운 점의 상위 3가지 항목과도 일치해 식단 작성 시 반영이 어려울수록 상대적 중요도가 높게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 학교급식 식단 구성 및 관리 업무 효율 증대에 기여하며 정책 운영 방향 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2005

본 연구는 경기남부지역의 일반음식점과 김밥전문음식점으로 나누어 제조단계에 있는 김밥과 김밥의 원료를 대상으로 하여 총호기성균 오염도 분석결과, 김, 단무지, 햄에서만 차이를 보였을 뿐 전반적으로 $5-6 log_{10}CFU/g$ 수준으로 통계적인 유의 차는 없었다(p>0.05). 대장균군(coliforms)의 경우도 계란에서만 차이를 보였을 뿐 일반음식점과 김밥전문음식점의 오염수준은 $4 log_{10}CFU/g$ 수준으로 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). E. coli는 일반음식점에서 65% 검출빈도에 $0.7-2.6 log_{10}CFU/g$ 수준의 오염을 보여 8.33% 검출빈도에 $0.70 log_{10}CFU/g$수준의 오염을 보인 김밥전문음식점 보다 유의적으로 높은 검출율을 보였다. S. aureus는 단무지를 제외한 모든 원료, 즉 밥, 김, 햄, 계란, 오이, 우엉, 당근, 게맛살에서 $0.21-5.88 log_{10}CFU/g$수준에서 20100% 빈도로 검출되었으며 일반음식점과 김밥전문음식점간의 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). B. cereus는 김밥 중 17-20% 빈도에 $0.7-3.4 log_{10}CFU/g$수준의 오염을 보였으며, 일반음식점과 김밥 전문음식점간의 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). L. monocytogenes는 모든 김밥과 원료에서 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 전반적으로 경기도 남부지역에서 제조된 김밥과 그 원료에 대한 위생수준은 상당히 불량한 것으로 판단되어지며, 본 연구에서 밝혀진 식중독균의 정량적 분석자료는 미생물위해평가(MRA)의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods: Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results: The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between $9.10{\times}10^3$ to $6.94{\times}10^6$ colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion: Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

Acacetin, which is present in damiana (Turnera diffusa) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), has several pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of acacetin on head and neck cancers has not been clearly established. This study aimed to examine the effects of acacetin on cell growth and apoptosis induction in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. These were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation assay, and immunoblotting in FaDu cells. Acacetin induced FaDu cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with an estimated IC₅₀ value of 41.9 µM, without affecting the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts as normal cells. Acacetin treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in the FaDu cells. It promoted the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 with increasing amounts of the cleaved caspase isoforms in FaDu cells. Acacetin-induced apoptosis in FaDu cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting showed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but upregulation of the mitochondria-dependent pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Badin FaDu cells after acacetin treatment. These findings indicate that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells via both the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2015

소아 청소년치과에서 장애아동 및 청소년을 안전하고 효율적으로 치료하기 위해서는 여러 사람의 다양한 협조가 필요하다. 이 연구는 장애아동의 치과치료 시 자주 이용되는 의식하진정치료의 진료용 표준지침을 시범적으로 개발, 적용하고, 진료과정에 참여한 사람들의 만족도를 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 의무기록 분석을 통하여 표준진료지침을 개발하고 치료과정에 적용한 후 환자, 보호자, 의료진 및 스탭의 만족도를 설문을 통하여 평가한 결과, 표준진료지침의 적용은 환자, 보호자 및 의료진과 보조자가 전반적으로 만족한 것으로 나타나 임상적 유용성이 높을 가능성을 암시하였다. 결론적으로 표준진료지침의 개발과 적용은 임상진료과정의 표준화를 통하여 진료에 대한 예측가능성을 높이고, 환자 안전에 대한 불안을 감소시켜 환자와 의료진의 만족도 향상과 진료의 질적 향상을 기대 할 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a constituent of turmeric powder derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, a need exists to design more effective analogs because of curcumin's poor intestinal absorption. EF-24 (diphenyl difluoroketone), the monoketone analog of curcumin, has shown good efficacy in anticancer screens. However, the effects of curcumin and EF-24 on salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells are not clearly established. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin and EF-24 on cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells. Our studies showed that curcumin and EF-24 inhibited the growth of HTB-41 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the potency of EF-24 was > 34-fold that of curcumin. Treatment with curcumin or EF-24 resulted in nuclear condensation and fragmentation in HTB-41 cells, whereas the control HTB-41 cell nuclei retained their normal regular and oval shape. Curcumin and EF-24 promoted proteolytic cleavages of procaspase-3/-7/-9, resulting in an increase in the amount of cleaved caspase-3/-7/-9 in the HTB-41 cells. Caspase-3 and -7 activities were detected in viable HTB-41 cells treated with curcumin or EF-24. These results suggest that the curcumin and EF-24 inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in HTB-41 human salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells, and that they may have potential properties as an anti-cancer drug therapy.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

교정치료 중 구강 내 환경 변화를 파악하기 위하여 교정치료 시작 후 24개월까지의 임상적 구강위생지수 및 타액, 구강 내 미생물의 변화양상을 평가하였다. 30명의 환자를 대상으로 하여, 임상적 구강위생지수(DMFS [decayed, missing and filled surfaces], O'Leary's plaque index, plaque pH), 타액의 변화(비자극/자극시의 타액량, 완충능(buffer capacity), pH, 잠혈(occult blood)류량, 구강 내 미생물(Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus) 변화를 파악하였다. 추가적으로 설문지를 이용하여 구강위생관리 및 식습관을 평가하였다. 분산분석, 회귀분석 및 Spearman의 상관분석을 통해 데이터를 분석하였다. 교정치료 도중 DMFS 값은 유의성있게 증가한 반면, plaque index는 감소하였고, plaque pH는 산성을 나타내었다 (p = 0.23). 비자극 시 타액량은 치료 중 유의성있게 변화하였으며 (p = 0.13), 자극 시의 타액량은 여성에서 장치 부착 이후 증가하는 양상을 보였다. Buffer capacity는 남성에서 치료 도중 감소되었으며, 타액의 pH는 유지되었다. 구강 내 미생물 및 잠혈류량은 고위험 수준까지 증가하였으며 성별의 차이는 나타나지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 치료 전 plaque와 구강위생용품의 사용 (r = 0.429; p = 0.018), 최종 DMFS와 비자극 시의 타액량 (r = -0.372; p = 0.043) 간에 뚜렷한 상관관계가 확인되었다. 교정장치의 부착으로 인해 구강 내 미생물은 증가하고, plaque pH는 산성화되어 치주조직의 손상이 일어나게 되었다. 또한 Buffer capacity는 변하지만, 치료 기간중의 타액의 pH는 유지되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.709-716
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• 2008

Purpose: Autogenous transplantation of teeth can be defined as transplantation of teeth from one site to another in the same individual, involving transfer of impacted or erupted teeth into extraction sites or surgically prepared sockets". Successful autogenous transplantation of teeth depends upon a complex variety of factors. Such factors include damage to the periodontal ligament of the donor tooth, residual bone height of the recipient site, extra-oral time of tooth during surgery. Schwartz and Andreasen previously reported that autogenous transplantation of teeth with incomplete root formation demonstrated higher success rate than that of teeth with complete root formation. Gault and Mejare yielded similar rate of successful autogenous transplantation both in teeth with complete root formation and in teeth with incomplete root formation when appropriate cases were selected. This case report was aimed at the clinical and radiographic view in autogenous transplantation of teeth with complete root formation. Materials and Methods: Patients who presented to the department of periodontics, Chonnam National University Hospital underwent autogenous transplantation of teeth. One patient had vertical root fracture in a upper right second molar and upper left third molar was transplanted. And another patient who needed orthodontic treatment had residual root due to caries on upper right first premolar. Upper right premolar was extracted and lower right second premolar was transplanted. Six months later, orthodontic force was applied. Results: 7 months or 11/2 year later, each patient had clinically shallow pocket depth and normal tooth mobility. Root resorption and bone loss were not observed in radiograph and function was maintained successfully. Conclusion: Autogenous transplantation is considered as a predictive procedure when it is performed for the appropriate indication and when maintenance is achieved through regular radiographic taking and follow-up.