• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Background: Hamstring shortness results in the inappropriate activation of the quadriceps femoris because of the loss of the reciprocal inhibition mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of that activation during lunge exercises on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, medial, and lateral hamstrings in participants with hamstring shortness and normal length. Design: Quasi-experimental design Methods: Participants were divided into a hamstring shortness group(n=20) and a hamstring normal length group(n=23), based on a hamstring length test. During lunge exercises, muscle activation of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, medial, and lateral hamstrings were measured by electromyography. Results: Each muscle tested was less activated in the hamstring shortness group than in the hamstring normal length group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between the shortness and normal hamstring groups during short lunge exercise time, longer exercising periods will result in the inappropriate activation of the quadriceps femoris. During lunge exercise, hamstring shortness causes an imbalance activation of quadriceps femoris and hamstring, and continuous hamstring shortness can cause damage on joints of lower limb.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2024

Compared to other organs, the brain has limited antioxidant defenses. In particular, the hippocampus is the central region for learning and memory and is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the brain, and sustained glial cell activation is critical to the neuroinflammation that aggravates neuropathology and neurotoxicity. Therefore, regulating glial cell activation is a promising neurotherapeutic treatment. Quinic acid (QA) and its derivatives possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although previous studies have evidenced QA's benefit on the brain, in vivo and in vitro analyses of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in glial cells have yet to be established. This study investigated QA's rescue effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavior impairment. Orally administering QA restored social impairment and LPS-induced spatial and fear memory. In addition, QA inhibited proinflammatory mediator, oxidative stress marker, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the LPS-injected hippocampus. QA inhibited nitrite release and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Collectively, QA restored impaired neuroinflammation-induced behavior by regulating proinflammatory mediator and ERK activation in astrocytes, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-induced brain disease treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

Purpose: Human brain was lateralized to dominant or non-dominant hemisphere, and could be reorganized by the processing of the motor learning. We reported four cases which showed the changes of the cortical activation patterns resulting from two weeks of training with the serial reaction time task. Methods: Four right-handed healthy subjects were recruited, who was equally divided to two training conditions (right hand training or left hand training). They were assigned to train the serial reaction time task for two weeks, which should press the corresponding four colored buttons as fast as accurately as possible when visual stimulus was presented. Before and after two weeks of training, reaction time and function magnetic resonance image (fMRI) was acquired during the performance of the same serial reaction time task as the training. Results: The reaction time was significantly decreased in all of subjects after training. Our fMRI result showed that widespread bilateral activation at the pre scanning was shifted toward the focused activation on the contralateral hemisphere with progressive motor learning. However, the bilateral activation was still remained during the performance of the non-dominant hand. Conclusion: These findings showed that the repetitive practice of the serial reaction time task led to increase the movement speed and accuracy, as described by motor learning. Such motor learning induced to change the cortical activation pattern. And, the changed pattern of the cortical activation resulting from motor learning was different each other in accordance with the hand dominance.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.663-669
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to find out the best condition for the parthenogenetic activation of mouse eggs by treating ethanol and hyaluronidase. For the parthenogenetic activation of eggs with ethanol, cumulus cell enclosed or denuded eggs were treated with 7% ethanol in D-PBS for 5, 7 or 9 minutes. For the activation of eggs with hyaluronidase, the eggs with cumulus masses were released into D-PBS with 100 unit hyaluronidase and treated for 10, 12 or 13 minutes. All of the treated eggs were incubated in BMOC-3 solution for 5 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ at an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. The types of parthenogenetic eggs were morphologically classified into haploid, diploid, immediate cleavage eggs under an inverted microscope. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows ; 1. High activation rate(99%) had been achieved by treating the eggs with 7% ethanol for 7 minutes. 2. With 100 IU hyaluronidase, high activation rate (94%) had been achieved by treating for 12 minutes. 3. The most frequent type of parthenogenetic eggs activated with ethanol or hyaluronidase was haploid (p<0.05). 4. The eggs collected from 18 to 22 hours post HCG injection showed higher activation rate than the eggs collected at 16 hours post HCG injection. 5. No significant difference (p>0.05) in activation rate was shown in strain of mouse and in presence of cumulus cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2001

The activation of NF-$\kappa$B induced by kojic Acid, an inhibitor of tyrosinase for biosynthesis of melanin in melanocytes, was investigated in human transfectant HaCaT and SCC-13 cells. These two keratinocyte cell lines transfected with pNF-$\kappa$B-SEAP-NPT plasmid were used to determine the activation of NF-$\kappa$B. Transfectant cells release the secretory alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a transcription reporter in response to the NF-$\kappa$B activity and contain the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene for the dominant selective marker of geneticin resistance. NF-$\kappa$B activation was measured in the SEAP reporter gene assay using a fluorescence detection method. Kojic Acid showed the inhibition of cellular NF-$\kappa$B activity in both human keratinocyte transfectants. It could also downregulate the ultraviolet ray (UVR)-induced activation of NF-$\kappa$B expression in transfectant HaCaT cells. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of kojic Acid in transfectant HaCaT cells was found to be more potent than known antioxidants, e.g., vitamin C and N~acetyl-L-cysteine. These results indicate that kojic Acid is a potential inhibitor of NF-$\kappa$B activation in human keratinocytes, and suggest the hypothesis that NF-$\kappa$B activation may be involved in kojic Acid induced anti-melanogenic effect.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of Korean medicine doctors (KMD) who conducted Korean medicine school doctor program (KMSD). We are going to use study as a foundation for activation KMSD program. Methods : Seoul Korean medicine association and Seoul metropolitan office of education conducted KMSD program for 22 schools in 2017. The program included health lessons, health counseling, and health care programs. After program finished, we carried out self-administered questionnaire survey to KMD who participated in KMSD program and we analysed it. Results : A total of 45 people answered the questionnaire, and 56% of respondents answered as 'Good progress' and 44% answered as 'Bad progress'. The reason for good progress was 'Good cooperation of School' (47.4%). 'Personalized program for participant' (23.68%), 'Support of Seoul Korean Medicine Association' (21.1%). The reason for 'Bad progress' was 'Bad cooperation of School' (37.8%), 'Lack of personal circumstances' (32.4%), 'Lack of motivation' (16.2%). The advantage of KMSD program included 'It is helpful for positive perception of the Korean medicine' and 'Korean medicine can contribute to improving public health, which is the health of schools' was 25%, 'It is helpful in expanding the services of Korean medicines to children and adolescents' was 17.6%, 'Highly satisfaction in participations' was 15.7%. The question of prerequisites for activation KMSD Program included 'Active cooperation of school' was 35.05%, 'Expand teaching materials and programs' was 20.62%, 'Support of Seoul Korean Medicine Association' was 15.46%. Conclusions : We will organize and activate programs of KMSD program and conduct program based on harmony of local community and school support, research of school health program. The program will contribute to improve student health and develop Korean health support program.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out how PAP (Post-Activation Potentiation) phenomenon affects short-term performance efficiently. Methods: This study was conducted with 18 Taekwondo athletes and 16 healthy adults. By using isokinetic dynamometer, two different intervention, TDP (Top-down program) and BUP (Bottom-up program), were performed to measure isokinetic parameter; (peak torque: PT, total work: TW, average power: AP, and average torque: AT) of knee extensor for intragroup, intergroup comparison and two-way ANOVA. Results: The Taekwondo athletes group showed statistically significant differences in all isokinetic parameters PT, TW, AP, and AT after TDP (p<0.05). However, in the healthy adult group, the difference in isokinetic parameters according to the exercise sequence was not statistically significant. (p>0.05). PT and TW at TDP were statistically significant (p<0.05) when the rate of change in TDP and BUP was compared and analyzed considering the difference in physical ability between the Taekwondo athlete group and the healthy adult group. However, AP and AT were not statistically significant. Finally, when examining the interaction between the two groups and two exercise sequence according to isokinetic parameters, only TW (p<0.05) showed a statistically significant interaction, while PT (P=0.099), AP (P=0.103), and AT (P=0.096) did not. This study suggests that short-term performance can be improved through the PAP phenomenon when TDP is applied to the Taekwondo group. Conclusion: According to our result, for Taekwondo athletes, if the goal is to improve short-term performance just before the main game, we suggest a training program through TDP.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1998

Activation bacteria, identified from commercial microbial products, were applied to leachate treatment. Total seven strains of bacteria Enterobacteriaceae spp. (5), Bacillus sp. (1), Aeromonas sp. (1) were seeded in the leachate and cultured in the shaking incubator at 25$^{\circ}$C and 250 rpm. While cultured, they were sampled in given time intervals and the removal rates of SS, COD, BOD, T-N.and T-P were measured an indicators of leachate treatment. Through the screening test, four of 7 strains of bacteria were considered to be effective and they were named as "effective group". The capability of leachate treatment was observed on three different groups of bacteria single, effctive, and total mixed. The result showed that the removal rates of COD and SS for the total mixed group were 64 and 71% respectively. BOD removal rate was reached nearly 99% by seeding of effective griup and removal rates of T-P and T-N were 83 and 82% respectively. However seeding of single strain was less effective than that of any mixed group in leachate treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 1975

For analysis of Xanthene dyes according to the developing solvent and adsorbent was applied to Thin-layer chromatography with silicagel and cellulose plate. Silicagel chromato-plate used were prepared under different condition of activation. Using eight developing solvent, the influence of the condition for activation upon the separation of Xanthene dyes was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. Methyl ethyl ketone+Acetone+$H_2O$ (10:0.1:0.4) mixture and n-butanol+Ammonia water (4:1) mixture gave clear separation for Xanthene dyes, including Fluorescein, Erythrosine Rhodamin B, Eosine, Rose bengale, phloxine and Acid red those Rf values decrease in the described ordor. Methyl ethyl ketone+Acetone+$H_2O$ (10:0.1:0.4) was applied to two adsorbents which were purchased from different manufactures. The results of Chromatograms are obtained Figure 6.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.61-64
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• 1994

This paper describes the construction of an anisotropic three dimensional ventricular model based on the bidomain model. The cardiac artivation process in the normal cardiac cell and the myocardiac ischemic cell are simulated by the Huygen's principle. The depolarization process in the myocardial ischemia displays the delayed activation compared to the normal state. The repolarization process is simulated by the myocardial potential at the arbitrary ellapsed time after activation process.