• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2008

In this paper we study the performance of the measurement time-delay estimation of tightly-coupled GPS/INS(Global positioning system/Inertial Navigation system) system. Generally, the heading error estimation performance of loosely-coupled GPS/INS system using GPS's Navigation Solution is poor. In the case of tightly-coupled GPS/INS system using pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate, the heading error estimation performance is better. However, the time-delay error on the measurement(pseudo-range rate) make the heading error estimation performance degraded. So that, we propose the time-delay model on the measurement and compose the time-delay estimator. And we confirm that the heading error estimation performance in the case of measurement time-delay existence is similar with the case of no-delay by Monte-Carlo simulation.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to inxvestigate matter production ability and growth characteristic variation for Italian ryegrass seed of introduced variety and the different seed production time of the next generation in paddy field at Iksan and Kyehwa experiment field from 1987 to 1988. Germination rate is good at seed production of 35 days before and after heading with introducced variety. Also, Early growth before wintering, dead leaf rate and regenerating day is same tendendy. Panicle numbers per hill like that and heading date is for 15~20 days after heading seed is late about three days, but 35 days before and after heading seed is early about one day. Fresh and drymatter yield at the different cutting time shows decrease in 15~25 days after heading seed but 35 days before and after heading seed is same or increase trend, it's notable at Kyehwa paddy field in reclaimed land. In case of feed value according to cutting time differ little against introduced seed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.460-463
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• 2008

The change of glutelin contents in rice grain during the maturity period was investigated to determine optimum rice harvesting time. The glutelin content was increased with increasing time after heading. In this study, eight of glutelin subunits were found. Among the glutelin subunits, 7208-subunit (MW, 35 kD) contents was significantly increased at 65 days after heading compared with 55 and 60 days after heading. 7405-subunit (MW, 50 kD) contents was steadily increased with time after heading. The results showed that at 55th day after heading would be optimum time for harvest to get the low glutelin content of rice grain.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2022

The amount of required forage is increasing by 20% every year in South Korea, but the cultivation area for forage production is limited. The yield ability of triticale forage is the highest among the winter forage crops including rye and the crop has cold tolerance within the average low temperature of -10℃ in January. Therefore, this study analyzed effects of sowing and harvesting times on feed value and quality for efficiently using and supplying triticale as livestock feed. Seed of the triticales, 'Joseong' was sown in 2021 fall (October) and 2022 spring (March). The triticales were harvested according to growth stages: seedling stage, booting stage, heading stage, 10 days after heading, and 20 days after heading. Moisture contents of each harvested triticales were adjusted to about 60%, and then the triticales were fermented for 40 days at room temperature under anaerobic conditions as silage. We have analyzed pH and organic acid to determine the feed value and quality of each silage. The contents of lactic acid in silage ofthe triticale harvested at the seedling stage of both fall and spring-sown (1.61%, 1.63%) were the highest among all of the silages; the booting stage (0.75%, 1.33%), the heading stage (0.50%, 0.69%), 10 days after the heading stage (0.31%, 0.42%), and 20 days after heading stage (0.22%, 0.40%). Such as the contents of lactic acid in the silages, and the pH value of the silages The pH value in both the fall- and spring-sown became lower as the triticale was grown up: seedling stage (7.05, 6.85), booting stage (6.21, 6.75), heading stage (6.18, 6.28), 10 days after heading stage (6.22, 6.17), and 20 days after heading stage (6.15, 5.81). Taken together, the results showed that the feed value and quality of triticale silage were more affected by harvesting time than sowing time.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2017

With regards to heading estimation using gyroscope and magnetometer signals, magnetic disturbance added in the magnetometer signals is a main degradation factor in the estimation accuracy. Although there are a number of existing mechanisms that may properly compensate for the magnetic disturbances, they are designed to react only to the magnetic disturbances, but not to the time derivative of disturbances. Note that the sensors may experience abrupt changes in the magnetic disturbances, particularly for ambulatory applications. This paper proposes a magnetic disturbance model-embedded heading estimation filter for time-varying magnetic environments. The proposed magnetic disturbance model is based on a first-order Markov chain with a conditional switching technique depending on the time derivative of disturbances. Once a high amount of derivative is detected, the corrupted magnetometer signals are discarded to protect the filter from them. In our experimental results, the averaged heading error of tests was $1.46^{\circ}$, while that of the original approach without switching was $5.75^{\circ}$.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2019

There is an increasing frequency in the occurrence of abnormal weather phenomena such as sharp increases and decreases in temperature. Under these weather conditions, the heading time of rice changes unexpectedly, which poses problems in agriculture. Therefore, we investigated the effect of temperature on the heading response at different growth stages in rice. During the period from transplanting to heading, the plants were subjected to different temperature treatments, each for a 9-day period, to observe the heading response. For the heading date analysis, "heading date" was defined as the number of days from transplanting to the appearance of the first spikelet. We found that the influence of temperature increased in the order of rooting stage, followed by meiosis, early tillering, spikelet differentiation, and panicle initiation stage in all ecological types and cultivars. In particular, unlike the results reported previously, the effect of temperature on heading during the photo-sensitive period was very small. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature on vegetative growth response at different growth stages was not consistent with heading response. These results can be used as basic data for predicting the variation in heading date owing to temperature variation at each growth stage. In addition, we propose that the concept of day length should be included in determining the influence of temperature on the photo-sensitive period.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2006

일미벼는 착색정도가 심할수록 완전미 비율이 낮아지고, 변색미, 사미, 청미, 쇄미의 비율이 높아지며, 착색정도가 심할수록 현미의 진균 오염정도가 높았으며, 진균종류도 다양하였으며, 출수 직전과 출수시 병원균을 접종한 결과 주당 수량은 무처리 대비 큰 차이는 없었으며, A. alternata, A. padwickii, N. oryzae는 출수 직전에, B. oryzae와 C. lunata는 출수시 접종할 경우 발병이 높았다. 출수 직전 병원균 접종시 N. oryzae가 현미의 완전미 형성에 가장 크게 영향을 주었으며, 출수시 병원균 접종시에는 A. alternata가 현미 품질에 가장 크게 영향을 주었으며, 발병정도가 수량에 미치는 영향은 적은 편이나, 병원균 접종량이 많아질수록 발병율은 매우 높아지고 품질도 저하되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.687-692
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• 1997

보리 품종들의 생리적 반응과 품종간 내염성을 이해하여 염해에 대처할 재배법 개선과 내염성 품종육성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 시험을 수행하였던 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 월동 후 포트에 이식하여 재배한 보리를 출수 20일전, 10일전 그리고 출수기로부터 각각 10일간씩 삼투 potential이 -20 bar인 NaCl용액을 매일 관수하여 염해를 유발시킨 결과 출수기 처리에서 비교적 피해가 컸다. 2. 대조구에 대한 출수 10일전 염처리구의 비율은 평균 간장 87％, 주당수수 82％, 일수위수 92％, 천입종 94％, 수량 75％에 불과하였다. 3. 품종별 염처리 시기에 따라 반응이 매우 상이하여 알보리, 백동, 향맥은 출수기 처리에서, 그리고 올보리와 두루보리는 출수 10일전 처리에서 ,각각 수량 및 수량구성요율의 감소율이 가장 컸다. 4. 종실수량의 관점에서 공시품종의 내염성은 백동>알보리>향맥>올보리>두루보리의 순으로 백동이 내염성이 가장 높았고 두루보리가 가장 낮은 경향이었다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2004

Conventional spheroidization process of cold heading quality steels requires long heat treatment time, and reduction of the heat treatment time is important for improving productivity in the industry. Recently, hot deformation method has been proposed as a means of increasing spherodization kinetics. In this study, the influences of hot deformation on the spherodization behavior of cold heading quality steels were investigated. Hot deformation at the temperature range of $700^{\circ}C$ significantly enhances the spheroidization kinetics. Hot deformation can lead to a substantial reduction of spherodization process time as low as 1~5 hrs.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.11-26
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• 1964

파종기의 이동이 수도의 출수기 및 기타 수량구성용소 등 제형질에 미치는 영향 및 품종간 변이를 알고저 50품종을 공시하여 3월 15일부터 7월 28일까지 15일간격을 두고 10회에 걸쳐 파종하고 20일묘와 40일묘를 이식하여 그 특성을 조사하여 제I보로 '파종기 및 묘대기간의 차이가 출수기에 미치는 영향 및 품종간의 변이'를 보고한바 있다. 본보는 제1보에 계속된 것으로 40일묘이앙구에 대한 벼의 간장, 수장, 수수, 수종 및 고간종 등 수량구성요소에 대하여 1년간의 실험성적을 조사분석하였다. 제I보에서 보고한 바와 같이 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 출수까지의 일수가 단축되었으며 대부분의 품종은 제VIII파종기까지는 거의 직선적 단축경향을 보였으며 일부의 품종은 제IX파종기까지 그러한 경향을 보였고 제X파종기에서는 거의 전부가 출수하지 못하였다. 따라서 파종기이동에 따르는 출수까지의 일수의 변화가 수량구성요소에 미치는 영향 및 품종간의변이에 관하여 본실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장 : 간장은 파종기의 이동에 따라 출수까지의 일수가 단축되면 간장도 짧아지는 경향을 보였으며 각파종기에 있어서 품종적으로 보면 출수까지의 일수가 긴 것은 간장이 짧았다. 2. 수장 : 수장은 파종기의 이동에 따라 출수까지의 일수가 단축되면 수장도 단축되었으며 각파종기에 있어서 품종적으로 보면 출수까지의 일수가 긴 품종은 수장이 짧고 출수까지의 일수가 짧은 품종은 수장이 긴 경향을 보였으나 현저하지는 않았다. 3. 수수 : 1주수수는 품종 및 파종기를 통하여 출수까지의 일수가 길어 질수록 증가하였으며 단 제IX파종기에서 만은 출수까지의 일수가 길면 수수는 감소하였다. 4. 수중 : 1주수중은 품종 및 파종기를 통하여 출수까지의 일수가 길 수록 무거운 경향을 보였는데 제VII 및 제VIII파종기에서는 반대로 출수까지의 일수가 길면 1주수중은 가벼운 경향을 나타냈다. 5. 고종 : 1주고간중은 품종 및 파종기를 통하여 출수까지의 일수가 길어 질수록 무거운 경향을 보였다. 6. 신고비 : 신고비는 제1파종기로부터 점차 높아져서 제V파종기에 최고에 달하였고 각파종기에 있어 품종적으로 보면 제I∼제III파종기와 제VII∼제VIII파종기에 있어서는 출수까지의 일수가 길면 신고비는 낮고 그밖에 파종기 즉 보통재배인 제IV 및 제V, 제VI파종기에서는 출수까지의 일수가 길면 신고비가 높았다.