• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1996

With the starting of Uruguay Round(UR) and World Trade Organization(WTO), the direction of trade in world market has been setting up with the beginning of an opening age. However, world nations has been expressed a deep concern on the marketing and the circulations of unsafe foods, especially in the international trade of food products. Therefore, administration of most countries are taking a firm step on the safety of imported food products. The implementation of hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) system in food industry is strongly appeared on the world stage at this point. Major international organizations, such as WHO, WTO, and EC have been recognized the importance of HACCP and already documented on their future plan for standardization of food safety in the international trade of food products by means of the this system. Several advanced countries have already developed HACCP system for the food industry and have been producing food products under this system. Now they have proposed rulemakings on a mandatory HACCP program in the production of domestic and imported food products. However, with the lacking of knowledge and information on the HACCP, there has been no actions for applying this system in the food industry of Korea. It is a very clear fact that Korean dairy and food industry will be faced on serious problems in exporting food products without applying HACCP system in the very near future. The objective of this article is to introduce the world trend. necessity, and application of HACCP system in food and dairy industry. Also a HACCP system developed by one dairy processing plant in Europe will be demonstrated as a moldel system.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 1992년도 학술강연회
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• pp.33-45
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• 1992

The sanitation inspection is the most frequently used procedure to protect foods prepared in foodservice establishments. In order to enhance foodservioe inspections and to improve post-inspection remedial measures, more practical evaluation methods for sanitation are required. The HACCP approach is based upon factors which contribute to foodborne disease rather than on factors which relate to aesthetics. Contributing factors for foodborne disease from foodservice establishments reported in USA, Canada, and England were analyzed to identify potential hazards during practical foodservioe operations. Hazards were classified at critical control points by risk ranking. Twenty-two observable practical indicators relating to each contributing factor were selected and adjusted to standardized procedures and hazard determiners at critical contral points. The weights for each inspection item were ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 according to the risk level of contributing factors. And also application for the inspection item in different 6 types of work procedures was suggested for the use of specialized foodservice establishment and cafeteria, and of manager's self inspection in each establishment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system to the production of seasoned laver products. The hazard analysis examined microbial evaluations and developed a HACCP management plan through the heating process. Methods: In this study we chose three companies and performed the analysis thrice. During this study, general bacteria along with other food poisoning bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, E.coil, O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, were studied at varying temperatures from 100 to $300^{\circ}C$. Results: The presence of general bacteria was detected in raw laver in the samples analyzed from all the three companies, and the number ranged from $10^5-10^7$. Bacillus cereus was detected in samples from only two of the three companies analyzed. However, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E.coil, O157:H7, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were all negative. General bacteria was reduced to $10^5$ after being subjected to temperatures of $100-250^{\circ}C$, but heating to over $270^{\circ}C$ reduced the number to below $10^3$, and the other microbes such as Bacillus cereus were not detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, the heating process ($270-280^{\circ}C$) along with RPM of 100-1200 were identified as CCP to reduce biological hazards.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2015

본 연구는 발효유류의 HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)시스템 적용을 위한 목적으로 하였다. 발효유류의 주원료, 작업장 시설과 작업자 등에 대하여, 2013년 11월 5일~2014년 4월 13일까지 충청남도 천안시 서북구 소재에 있는 YD 업체에서 제공받았다. 제조공정도는 일반적인 발효유류 제조업체의 제조공정을 참고로 작성하였다. 제조공정도는 원료(원유, 액상과당, 올리고당, 유산균), 부재료, 포장재의 입고, 보관, 투입, 예열, 혼합, 균질, 살균, 예냉, 배양, 냉각, 여과, 내포장, 외포장, 보관 및 출하공정으로 Fig. 1과 같이 작성하였다. 원료의 미생물학적위해요소 분석결과는 Table 1과 같다. 본 연구결과 발효유의 원재료와 살균($90^{\circ}C{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 $35{\pm}3$분) 후에는 위해미생물검사 결과는 안전하나 제조환경과 작업자의 미생물검사 결과 체계적인 세척 및 소독을 실시하여 미생물학적 위해를 감소시키고, 작업자 위생교육 등을 통하여 개인위생개념 향상과 작업장 내 공기중의 미생물 관리가 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2013

Dressing 가공공정에 대한 HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) 시스템 구축을 위하여 위해요소 분석을 실시하였다. 위해요소 분석은 주원료, 용수, 미생물 평가, 작업장별 공중 낙하균과 종업원에 대한 병원성 미생물 검사를 하였다. 충청북도 진천 소재의 SJ 회사에서 2012년 4월 1일부터 30일까지 30일 동안 수행하였다. 그 결과 원료의 미생물은 5회 동안 검출되지 않았으며, 작업장 I과 작업장 II, 포장실, 세척용수, 검사실에서 사용된 용수의 총균수는 $3.0{\times}10^1$ CFU/mL 이하로 검출되었다. 드레싱 생산과정 중 열처리 및 혼합 과정에서 총균수는 평균 $3{\times}10$ CFU/mL가 검출되었으나 대장균과 진균류, 병원성 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 공중 낙하균(총균수와 진균류)은 각각의 작업장에서 법적 허용치 이하로 검출되었다. 작업자들의 총균수 미생물 평가에서 모두 양성반응이었으나 대장균과 황색포도상구균은 검출되지 않았다. 결론적으로 위생관리 기준은 HACCP 시스템을 위한 미생물의 한계기준과 일반세균과 병원성 미생물과 같은 위해요소를 예방 및 감소시키기 위하여 설정하여야 한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to develop a food safety education program for school foodservice employees and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Food safety education programs were made into two levels; one for new employees in school foodservice and another for employees in charge of Critical Control Point (CCP) monitoring. The programs were for 40-minute-long lecture using PowerPoint. The effectiveness of these programs were assessed based on eleven evaluation items by school foodservice dieticians (n=30) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) specialist (n=13). All statistical analyses are conducted by SPSS package program (ver 20.0). Results: According to the results of evaluating the food safety education program by dietitian and HACCP specialist, the overall satisfaction score was 4.14, evaluated by 5 point scale. There were no significant difference in results of evaluation between dieticians and HACCP specialists. The score of 'it is helpful to work' and 'pictures, images and charts are pertinent to study' were higher than others while the score of 'education contents is pleasant and interesting' and 'screen is pleasant and interesting' were the lowest among all evaluation items. Conclusions: To increase the school foodservice quality, employees should be offered regular food safety education and training through effective education media including prerequisite program and HACCP manual for school foodservice.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the difference in washing and disinfection when the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) protocol was applied to foodservice operations. The results of the survey were as follows: Among the 116 foodservice operations surveyed, 67.2% were HACCP-compliant and 32.8% were not HACCP-compliant. Also, 62.9% served meals once daily, and 79.3% conducted food safety education once a month. Compared to HACCP non-compliant foodservice operations, the disinfection performance of HACCP-compliant operations was significantly better concerning worktables (p<0.001), food inspection tables (p<0.001), preparation tables for distribution (p<0.01), serving tables (p<0.01), overflow and trenches(p<0.05), sinks (p<0.05), and insect attracting lamps (p<0.01). Similarly, the disinfection performance of HACCP-compliant foodservice operations was significantly better for 18 cooking utensils and personal tools such as food slicers (p<0.001), multiple cooking machines (p<0.05), tray carts (p<0.001), stainless steel tools (p<0.001), rubber gloves (p<0.05). Worktables (45.1%), serving tables (29.6%), sinks (37.0%), and scales (21.6%) were most often disinfected 'at the end of each task', while food inspection tables (36.5%), food preparation tables for distribution (31.2%), dish machines (34.2%), overflow and trenches (25.7%), and floors (25.8%) were most often disinfected 'once a day'. All cooking utensils were most often disinfected 'at the end of each task'. 'Chemical disinfection' was most frequently used in all foodservice facilities. To improve the food safety management of foodservice operations, it is necessary to apply the HACCP protocol and comply with the washing and disinfection manual.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

IT기술의 발달에 따라 다양한 분야가 정보화 되고 있으나, 식품 위생 분야의 정보화 연구는 활발하지 못하다. 그 중 예방차원의 계획적 식품위생관리시스템인 HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) 시스템은 여러 식단 정보들의 연관관계로 도출되는 복잡한 업무로 진행되기 때문에 정보화가 쉽지 않아 각종 기록 업무 등이 수작업으로 시행되고 있어, 정보의 정확성을 보장하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 HACCP 시스템의 정보 신뢰성 확보와 운영절차의 효율성을 증대시키기 위하여 식재료, 조리법 및 식품군 특성, 식자재 등 정보들 간의 의미를 저장하는 식품 정보 온톨로지를 구축하고, 이를 검증하기 위하여 온톨로지를 기반으로 HACCP 식단을 자동 분류하는 정보화 어플리케이션을 개발하였다. 이러한 식품 정보 온톨로지는 식단분류를 위한 정보의 접근성을 높이고, 정보들 간의 연관관계를 기록함으로써 식품 정보의 효율적인 검색 및 광범위한 활용이 가능하며, 자동화된 정보 관리를 통한 HACCP 운영 정보의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.592-601
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled soy sauceglazed mackerel and to evaluate the qualities related to the product flow of this item. After conducting experimental cooking, preliminary test, and analysis of recipes, critical control points were identified, control methods were determined, and HACCP-based recipe was standardized. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis (total aerobic plate counts, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical analysis (pH, acid value and volatile based nitrogen (VBN)) and sensory evaluation of the item were done. Time-temperature data showed that the time the menu item had passed through temperature danger zone (5∼60$^{\circ}C$) during all phases was 60 min. At rapid cooling, but after cooling at room temperature, the temperature of this menu item did not drop below the ambient temperature. The results of microbiological test were negative throughout all phases following cooking and the results of chemical analysis did not change significantly in terms of storage periods except for VBN which increased on 7th day significantly(p<0.05). After steam/convection oven reheating and microwave oven reheating, the sensory score of the only appearance decreased significantly related to the storage time of overall quality profiles. But significant differences were not detected according to two reheating methods. In conclusion, this HACCP-based recipe was considered as an effective tool for assuring microbial as well as sensory quality of this cook/chilled item.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2000

최근 고등학교 급식 전면 실시 방침에 따른 학교급식의 확대와 더불어 급식의 위탁화가 가속되고 있는 실정으로 급식의 규모는 점차 확대되고 있다. 그러나 단기간에 성장한 국내급식 산업은 위탁급식업체간 수준차이가 많으며, 그 위생관리 수준은 선진 외국의 수준과 비교하였을 때 아직은 초보적인 단계에 지나지 않는다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 서을 시내에 위치한 위탁급식을 실시하는 C고등학교에서 제공되는 음식 중 카레갈치튀김, 미역오이냉채,돈가스의 생산 공정별 각 단계에서 HACCP를 적용하여 시간, 온도, pH, Aw, 미생물 분석을 통하여 위해요소를 분석하고 통제방법을 설정하는 것이다. 또한 국내 급식과정에서 볼 수 있는 각 계절별 상온방치를 예상하여 모의실험을 한 후의 미생물적 안전성을 조사하였다. 각 음식의 생산 단계에서 음식의 위해요인 발생은 온도, 소요시간, pH, Aw, 기구 및 용기의 위생 등의 복합적 요인에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 카레갈치튀김의 경우 조리, 급식 전 보관단계, 미역 오이냉체는 전처리, 조리 급식 전 보관단계, 돈가스·소스는 조리, 급식전 보관단계가 중점관리점(Critical Control Point)로 나타났다. 또한 음식이 급식때까지 실온에 지연되는 시간을 최소화함으로써 미생물 증식이 상당히 억제될 수 있으리라 기대된다.