• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2020

Objectives: Hazard classification is a controversial issue in the new MSDS system in which chemical companies have to prepare and submit MSDS for chemicals that they manufacture or import to the competent authorities according to the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act. The aim of this study is to suggest how to apply and manage harmonized hazard classification criteria and results by investigating current hazard classification systems and trends. Methods: The domestic issues about different hazard classification criteria and results were investigated by reviewing the literature and business outcomes regarding KOSHA. We also checked official and unofficial reports from the UN to understand international discussion about the topic. Chemical hazard classification results from agencies providing chemical information were analyzed to compare a harmonized rate between classifications. Furthermore, a field survey of a few chemical companies was conducted. Results: Under the related competent authorities, an integrated standard proposal was developed to harmonize the domestic hazard classification criteria. Although harmonized chemical information is strongly needed, we recognized the uncertainty and difficulty of harmonized hazard classification from the UN global list project review. In practice the harmonization rate of the classification was generally low between the classification in KOSHA, MoE, and EU CLP. Among hazard classes, health hazards largely led the disharmony. The field survey revealed a change of perception that the main body of chemical information production is manufacturers. Approaches and solutions about hazard classification issues differed depending on business size, types of chemical handling, and other factors. Conclusions: We proposed reasonable ways by time and step to apply hazard classification in the new MSDS system. Chemical manufacturers should make and offer chemical information including responsible hazard classifications. The government should primarily accept these classifications, evaluate them by priority, and support or supervise workplaces in order to communicate reliable chemical information.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2007

UN에서는 위험물의 분류, 표지, 제조, 수송, 저장, 사용과 폐기에 관한 통합된 시스템(GHS, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, 화학물질의 분류와 표지에 관한 세계조화시스템)을 구축하고 이 사항을 OECD에 가입한 모든 나라들에게 자국에 도입하여 실시하도록 권고하고 있다. GHS는 위험물분류와 운송부분에 관하여 물리 화학적 위험성과 급성독성의 분류와 표지사항을 기본으로 출발하였으므로 기존의 UN 시행방법과 큰 차이는 없다. 본 연구에서는 UN에서 권고하고 있는 GHS와 위험물안전관리법의 위험물분류와 위험물표지사항 및 위험물판정시험방법을 비교 검토하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2019

The Harmonized System comprises about 5,000 commodity groups; each identified by a six digit code, arranged in a legal and logical structure and is supported by well-defined rules to achieve uniform classification. This study reviews the appropriateness of Korea Customs Service and Tax Tribunal's customs classification decisions concerning the interpretation and application of the Harmonized System for certain ITA goods. Korea Customs Service had classified arbitrary and had not applied in dubio pro reo principle. This paper finds that 57% of Korea Customs Service's classification decisions have erred. Korea government need to take measures to secure uniform interpretation of the HS and its periodic updating in light of developments in technology and changes in trade patterns. This paper suggest to amend customs law and regulation concerning classification committee.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

The HS Convention is an agreement on the harmonized commodity description and coding system enacted by the World Customs Organization in January 1988 to promote international trade and unify the commodity classification systems internationally, and the seventh revision will take effect in January 2022. This study's main purpose is to consider criteria for classifying unmanned autonomous transport systems(UATS) in accordance with Section 17 of the HS nomenclature and to present recommendations for improvement of laws related to tariff classification which may be used to amend related laws in Korea. Currently, there are no provisions within the HS Nomenclature that classify unmanned autonomous transportation systems and equipments. Although such technologies have yet to be commercially deployed, they are being actively developed globally. Thus, this study aims to classify UATS and suggest appropriate amendments to the new edition of the HS Nomenclature and Korean law. This paper examines advance ruling cases from domestic and foreign HS classification under the revision of the HS Convention and the criteria for the classification of UATS and Domestic Korean and foreign classification case studies were investigated, along with a survey of the literature on UATS, in order to derive reasonable tariff classification criteria and present legislative implications. In conclusion, this study aims to provide legislative recommendations for how to improve the system to apply the revisions to the HS Convention to the domestic Korean statutes.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2020

Industrial Revolution means the improvement of productivity through technological innovation and has been a driving force of the whole change of economic system and social structure as the characteristic of technology as the tool of this productivity has changed. Since the first industrial revolution of the 18th century, productivity efficiency has been advanced through three industrial revolutions so far, and this fourth industrial revolution is expected to bring about another revolution of production. In this study, the demand for the introduction of artificial intelligence(AI) technology has been increasing in various business fields due to the rapid development of ICT technology, and the classification of HS(harmonized commodity description and coding system) items has been decided using artificial intelligence technology, which is the core of the fourth industrial revolution. And it is enough to construct HS classification system based on AI technology using inference and deep learning. Performing the HS item classification is not an easy task. Implementation of item classification system using artificial intelligence technology to analyze information of HS item classification which is performed manually by the current person more accurately and without any mistake, And the customs administrations, customs offices, and customs agencies, it is expected to be highly utilized in the innovation of trade practice and the customs administration innovation FTA origin agent.

• 한국방재학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2007

• 월간포장계
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• 통권220호
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• pp.42-44
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• 2011

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

인류 생활 수준의 증진 및 향상을 위해 화학제품의 사용이 세계적으로 널리 확대 되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 화학제품은 많은 이점을 가지고 있는 반면에 사람과 환경 약영향을 미칠 우려가 있어서, 안전한 사용을 위한 제도를 각국에서 시행하고 있다. 2003년 UN에서 권고된 화학물질의 분류기준과 표시방법을 전세계적으로 통일하기 위한 GHS는 2008년부터 각국에서 도입하도록 권고되었다. 기존의 농약분류체계와 표시방법과 가장 많이 달라지는 것은 물질분류기준이다. 그리고, 그림문자가 표시방법이 정사각형에서 마름모형으로 변화되었고, 3종이 추가되고 1종이 폐지되었다. 따라서, 기존의 농약분류 및 표시제도와 GHS를 면밀한 비교평가와 선진국의 도입방향의 조사를 바탕으로, 우선적으로 물질분류기준변경을 하면서 유독성제품부터 부분적으로 시행하는 것이 타당할 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2020

Background: The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) was developed to enhance chemical classification and hazard communication systems worldwide. However, some of the elements such as building blocks and data sources have the potential to cause "disharmony" to the GHS, particularly in its classification results. It is known that some countries have developed their own lists of classified chemicals in accordance with the GHS to "standardize" the classification results within their respective countries. However, the lists of classified chemicals may not be consistent among these countries. Method: In this study, the lists of classified chemicals developed by the European Union, Japan, Malaysia, and New Zealand were selected for comparison of classification results for carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Results: The findings show that only 54%, 66%, and 37% of the classification results for each Carcinogen, Mutagen and Reproductive toxicants hazard classes, respectively are the same among the selected countries. This indicates a "moderate" level of consistency among the classified chemicals lists. Conclusion: By using classification results for the carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity hazard classes, this study demonstrates the "disharmony" in the classification results among the selected countries. We believe that the findings of this study deserve the attention of the relevant international bodies.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

FTA(Free Trade Agreement) 환경에서 수출입 기업이 무관세 혜택을 받기위해서는 원산지 규정을 준수하는 일이고, 이를 위해 가장 먼저 선행되어야하는 것이 물품의 품목분류가 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 관세율표를 구성하고 있는 HS(Harmonized System) 품목분류의 기본원리에 대한 철저한 이해가 전제되어야하며, 품목에 대한 호(Heading)에서의 상품명에 대한 이해와 관련 영역(section)이나 해당 영역(chapter)의 주(Note)는 물론 해설서의 규정까지 이해하고 있어야 올바른 품목분류를 할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 물품의 특성을 잘 알고 있는 경우, 업무 담당자도 쉽고 정확하게 분류할 수 있도록 품목분류의 결정에 영향을 줄 수 있는 7가지 결정요소를 시스템에서 먼저 제시하여 사용자가 선택하도록 하고, 각 산업에서 통상적으로 통용되는 현장용어 지식을 포함하는 융합적 수행시스템 기반의 HS 품목분류 서비스 개발을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 이 시스템의 실제 기업 현장 적용을 통해 효과를 검토하였다.