• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to conduct the species identification and tree-ring dating of Lotus Pedestal of the Amitabha Statue at Ssangbong-Temple in Hwasun. The six wood blocks used for the Lotus Pedestal were hard pines (Pinus spp.; diploxilon) except one piece which was ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). The lotus leaves surrounding the pedestal body were also made of ginkgo. Tree-ring patterns of 3 blocks were synchronized and a 133 years chronology was made. The chronology was crossdated well with the master chronology of Japanese red pine in South Korea. It dated back to A. D. 1551~1683, i.e. the last ring dated A. D. 1683. Through the estimation of the number of sapwood rings removed during carving, the felling year was calculated A. D. $1704{\pm}10$. The calligraphic writing on the Pedestal indicated that this statue was made in A. D. 1694. Therefore, the accuracy of the tree-ring dating has been proven.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.326-338
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• 2009

This study aimed at developing tea furniture with beauty of traditional Korean furniture. As the population which drinks tea increases day by day in the light of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) era, the importance of the tea culture has been brought out and the interest of the pieces has increased with the cultural space. But the study is still not only insufficient for Korean tea cultural space, it is but also hard for us to find such pieces as holding the original culture's charm. Thus, after studying concepts and spatial qualities of the tea cultural space based on the traditional culture and after investigating the tea objects including the integral parts, a piece of tea shelf with table which hits the emotion of Korea necessary to tea cultural space was created with solid wood. As a result, if we rediscover and develop the tea pieces with beauty of traditional Korean furniture mentioned as the green furniture, the objects will be standing on tiptoe as contemporary tea pieces conveying the identity of Korea. In addition, they will have a competitiveness across the world pursuing LOHAS beyond well-being.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyse and derive the color characteristics of childhood children's learning spaces and furniture for improving the color design of those and to present the direction of design and to build up the DB. The study covers products from domestic and overseas infant furniture manufacturers and 11 preschool learning rooms. The study method uses the collected furniture and spatial images to derive a palette of colors and compare color characteristics. The analysis results show that, the domestic infant furniture tend to use a variety of colors with pale tone or use consistent hard wood furniture according to the requirements of adult taste and marketability. Also, it attempts to create a very negative color scheme, but it looks like disorganized, and there is not much color design integrated with the architecture. Thus, color designs ensure that the ordering elements of the color scheme are clearly recognized by applying preferred color tones of childhood, like vivid and bright tone with high chroma and middle or hight Brightness value. Lastly, it should establish guidelines for specific palettes and color scheme, which can be utilized in the design of childhood children's learning spaces and furniture.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is searching for grounds of new regulations about submerging properties of Aquilariae Lignum described in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Methods : Through the investigation of the various Chinese histories and herbal classics, the definitions of Aquilariae Lignum and documents on actual trade and discrimination methods by sinking under water. Results : In Jiaozhouyiwuzhi(交州異物志) written in the early 2nd century, Aquilariae Lignum was defined as heart wood part or knots sinking under water due to hard and dark deposition of resins. Also, which are not sinking were defined as zhan xiang(棧香), and which are floating were named as qian xiang(槧香). The definitions of Aquilariae Lignum had not been changed till Ching Dynasty era, but the classification and the names about not-sinking and floating Lignum materials were a little changed. Conclusions : These results indicate that it is reasonable to make a regulation that "Aquilariae Lignum sinks under water" in the property description of The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2012

Since 1990's, a flooring based on plywood has gotten customers' demand. Costs of raw material and production increased because of changed environment of industry. Tropical timber such as Red Meranti (Shorea acuminate) used for raw material of the floor has been depleting beside countries in South Eastern Asia changed species of afforestation. As a result, it gets hard to secure good quality of raw material for plywood. Moreover plywood price is increased suddenly after earthquake in Japan. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) in china has been using for raw material as a countermeasure of changed environment of industry. In this study, possibility of using flooring consisted of Eucalyptus veneer as a core layer was checked by heat transfer experiments. Flooring consisted of Red Meranti was used for comparison. Two factors which impact on heat transfer are a type of density gradient and density difference between Long-grain veneer and Short-grain veneer. Red Meranti samples are 'M' type of density gradient on the other hand Eucalyptus samples are 'W' type of density gradient.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권5호통권162호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2005

Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

Purpose : This research was conducted to see the correlation between sway speed and muscle activity for lower extremity of stroke patients through unstable surface training. Methods : A total of 60 patients were randomly divided unstable surface group (30 peoples) and stable surface group (30 people). Then they were asked to carry out the same exercise program for 6 weeks. The unstable surface group and stable surface group performed the exercise program on the balance mat and on the hard wood block. We checked the changes of sway speed and the changes in muscle activity for lower extremity. Results : The unstable surface group displayed significantly reduced sway speed, and improved muscle activity of lower extremity. There were significant correlation between change amount of muscle activity and sway velocity in Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris during unstable surface training(r=.373, p<.05)(r=.369, p<.05). And there were not show significant differences during stable surface training. Conclusion : Judging from this, we can have knowledge that the correlation between increase of muscle activity and decrease of sway velocity for Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris in the unstable surface training.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1962

The "reactivity" of coal is one of the important characteristics of a coal used as a process raw material as well as a fuel. In this study, the reactivity was measured in terms of the magnitude of the reaction rate constant in the reduction of carbon dioxide with coal. A reactivity-testing apparatus was designed and constructed, and its performance characteristics were investigated by using Korean anthracite and hard-wood charcoal. Experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 750 to 1100$^{\circ}C$ with pulverized Korean anthracite whose sizes range from 1 to 10mm in diameter. Results showed that the reaction rate constant was not appreciably affected by the particle size investigated, and the reactivities of the anthracite and the charcoal were found to be a function of reaction temperature alone. It was also found that a straight line was produced when the logarithm of the rate constant is plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. The reactivities of the charcoal were found to be 2 to 10 times higher than those of the anthracite at a temperature ranging from 750 to 1100$^{\circ}C$, and 90% of carbon dioxide was reduced to carbon monoxide by the anthracite at a temperature above 1050$^{\circ}C$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2007

The seed paper was used in farm field recently for a sound young plant. The most of seed paper are made of synthetic non-woven sheet. Therefore, it is very difficult to bio-degrade in soil and is very hard to have some special function, for example keeping herbicide and/or insecticide activity because of its lack of chemical acceptability. The purpose of this research is manufacture of seedling paper which have a function of herbicide activity from waste paper. The fiber properties from waste paper were remarkably improved by fine removal with washing and/or flotation process. The paper-making ability for seed paper was enhanced with enzyme treatment of secondary fibers. The paper for seedling must have a good bio-degradation ability in soils. The absorption amount of chemical like as dithiopyr was increased remarkably in enzyme treated base paper. The embossing treatment of base paper was very effective for seed attachment and chemicals retention. And also, the developed seed paper showed a good penetration property of young root through embossed paper.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.436-442
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• 2022

Hurricanes and tornadoes are the most destructive natural disasters in some central and southern states. Thus, storm shelters, which can provide emergency protections for low-rise building residents, are becoming popular nowadays. Both FEMA and ICC have published a series of manuals on storm shelter design. However, the authors found that the materials for related products in the market are heavyweight and hard to deliver and install; renovations are necessary. The authors' previous studies found that lightweight and high-performance composite materials can withstand extreme wind pressure, but some building codes are designated in wind-borne debris areas. In these areas, wind debris can reach greater than 100 mph speed. In addition, the impact damage on the composite materials is an increasing safety issue in many engineering fields; some can cause catastrophic results. Therefore, studying composite structures subjected to wind debris impact is essential. The finite element models are set up using the software Abaqus 2.0 to conduct the simulations to observe the impact resistance behavior of the carbon fiber composite sandwich panels. The selected wood debris models meet the FEMA requirements. The outcome of this study is then employed in future lab tests and compared with other material models.