• 제목/요약/키워드: hard pine

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조선시대(朝鮮時代) 술에 관한 분석적(分析的) 고찰(考察) -조선중기(朝鮮中期) 1600 년대(年代)를 중심(中心)으로- (A Study on Wine of Yi Dynasty in 1600)

  • 최종희;이효지
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 1987
  • As people know how to brew a wine from fruits and cereals, they continued to develope various wines good to their taste. Korean wines are also ones made from cereals and they have long been eager to improve the delicate taste. They used to drink Takju, raw rice wine, made from nonglutinous rice and Nuruk, a kind of yeast starter. During Koryo Dynasty, Soju a liquor was imported from Won(the Chinese dynasty). Nowadays this traditional folk wine, which had been developed variously and drunk all over the country, is decreasing year after year. The purpose of this study was to review on the wines ; its kinds, raw materials, brewing method, manufacturing utensils, measuring units and devices and the terms for wine making based on 20 documents published in 1600, in the middle of Yi dynesty. The results of review were as follows. 1. There were 121 kinds of wines at that time in Korea. 2. Among the raw materials for wines, major materials were glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, wheat flour, wheat, mung bean, and black soybean. And minor materials were pepper corn, Lycium chinenisis, cinnamon, pine needles, pine nuts, jujube, mugwort leaves, lotus leaves, pine corn, pine bud, chrysanthemum, pine flowers, honey, Acanthopanox seoultenses, bamboo-root, marrowbone of blak cow, sweet flag, Ciprus noblis, Saurea lappa, honey suckle, Tricho santhes, azalea, the leaves of the paper mulberry, and bark of chungum tree. 3. There were several kinds of wines such as a wine without using Nuruk, a wine made from glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, or glutinous and nonglutinous rice with flour. 4. There were several brewing methods for wines such as a wine boiled with ring rice cake, a wine brewed with loaves of rice cake, a wine brewed with hard boiled rice, a wine brewed with rice gruel, and a wine brewed with powdered rice gruel. 5. There were 23 kinds of utensils including measuring devices for weight and volume.

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소나무재선충병 방제관제시스템 개발에 관한 연구 (Development of Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) Prevention System)

  • 서봉상;전형섭;김준범;조기성
    • 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.283-287
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    • 2007
  • Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) has been attacked since 1988, then it becomes very serious problem of the all over the country. Government has been invested a lot of money to prevent but it is hard to survey the damaged area and ineffectively control the process of prevention. Therefore, this study is focused on development of Pine Wilt Disease (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus) Prevention System using GIS and GPS through constructiong database of digital map, satellite imagery and attribute data and development component for desktop PC, internet and mobile system to realtime data transmission between project manager and field worker. Especially, we developed the mobile system that can transmit field conditions in realtime using GPS, GIS and CCD camera, the telecommunication control server that transmit received field condition data to web connecting module and system manager, the web system for end user to notify prevention details, the control system lot manager to recognize filed conditions and to control field workers and the wireless telecommunication module to connect in realtime between field and control center.

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목질계(木質系) Biomass의 이용(利用)(I) - 폭쇄장치(爆碎裝置)의 제작(製作) 및 폭쇄재(爆碎材)의 조성(組成) - (Uitlization of Ligno-cellulosic Biomass(I) - Manufacture of Explosion Apparatus and Composition of Explode Wood -)

  • 이종윤;박상진;이석건;조남석;장준복;안병조
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 1989
  • Steam explosion process is an efficient pretreatment method for sparating and utilizing wood main components has attracted attention in utilization of ligno-cellulosic biomass. In order to obtain the effective pretreatment condition. this study was made explosion apparatus. examined the composition. extraction of exploded wood. Wood chips of pine(Pinus densiflora oak (Quercus serrata) and birch wood (Belula platyphylla var. japonica) were treated with a high pressure steam(20-30 kg/$cm^2$, 2-6 minutes). The results can be summarized as follow; In analysis of exploded wood(EXW). It was found arabinose residues rapidly decreased with increasing of steaming time and pressure. Extractives of EXW with sodium hydroxide increased with increasing of steaming-time and- pressure especially extractives 1% sodium hydroxide has higher than other extracted method extractives of hard wood(oak, birch) has higher than pine wood. In EXW extracted with sodium hydroxide and methanol lignin was partially delignified alkali extraction was more delignified than methanol extraction hardwood than pine wood.

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영동지역 배씨 문중 목관의 수종 및 가공법 분석 (Analysis of Species and Manufacturing Techniques for Wood Coffins of Bae's Family, Excavated in Youngdong, Korea)

  • 김문성;박윈규
    • 한국가구학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2009
  • The study was carried out to analyze wood quality of coffin board, the wood species of coffin excavated in Youngdong, Korea. All coffin woods were identified as hard pines, Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora S. & Z.). According to wood quality of coffins, inner coffins of Bae Cheon-Jo and his wife showed similarity and dissimilarity comparing with several literatures. The similarity was in the structure of panels, bottom lining board and charcoal layer, and the dissimilarity was in jointing. From the analysis of fibrous materials attached to coffin woods, the paper mulberry and cotton fibers were identified. In the inner coffin of Bae Cheon-Jo, tool traces by handle planer were observed.

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솔잎혹파리의 병원성 진균 Beauveria bassiana 및 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus의 온도별 병원성과 생장 변화 (Variations in Growth and Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Pathogenic to the Pine Gall Midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis)

  • 이인기;심희진;우수동;제연호;양자문;강석권
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.415-418
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    • 1999
  • Thecodiplosis japonensis is an important insect pest in pine trees and hard to be controlled by chemical pesticides due to its characteristic life cycle. Experiments were conducted to determine the pathogenicity and growth temperature of several entomopathogenic fungi as potential microbial insectcides for T. japonensis. Beauveria bassiana SFB-SC and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SFP-198 were highly pathogenic against T. japonensis. B. bassiana SFB-SC had also pathogenicity against a beneficial insect Bombyx mori. Growth rate and pathogenicity of P. funmosoroseus SFP-198 under 15$^{\circ}C$ was higher than those of B. bassians SFB-SC. These results indicated that P. fumosoroseus SFP-198 is a potential microbial control candidate for control of T. japonensis.

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서천 추동리 문화유적에서 채취된 숯의 수종식별과 물리적 특성 (Identification and Physical Characteristics of the Ancient Charcoals Excavated from Chudong-ri Site, Korea)

  • 김명진;이종신;박순발
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제24권
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2008
  • 서천 추동리 문화유적내 토과목관묘에서 출토된 숯과 인근의 기와가마에서 연료로 사용되었던 나무의 숯을 채취하여 수종을 식별하고 각각의 흡습성과 가스 흡착성을 비교하였다. 총 23점의 숯 시료에 대해서 수종을 식별한 결과 토광목관묘에서 출토된 12점의 숯은 모두 활엽수 숯으로 9점이 참나무속의 상수리나무아속 계통, 3점이 팽나무속 숯인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 기와가마에서 출토된 11점의 숯은 모두 침엽수로 경송류의 소나무류인 것으로 식별되었다. 출토 숯의 물리적 성질을 조사한 결과 토광목관묘의 활엽수 숯이 기와가마의 소나무류 숯보다 높은 흡습성을 나타냈으며 에틸렌 가스 흡착 시험에서도 상수리나무아속 숯이 소나무류 숯보다 높은 가스 흡착성을 보였다. 토광목관묘 유구에 활엽수 숯을 사용한 이유는 침엽수 숯에 비하여 활엽수 숯이 미세 세공이 많고 비표면적이 넓어 수분과 가스 흡착력이 우수하여 묘광 내에 보다 양질의 매장 환경을 조성할 수 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 한편, 기와가마에서 소나무류를 연료로 사용한 이유는 비중이 작아 재질이 연하여 연소가 잘되고 특히 재내에 다량의 수지(송진)를 함유하고 있어 발열량이 높고 비교적 화력 조절이 용이했기 때문으로 판단된다.

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소나무재와 고추나무대재 합성에 관한 연구 (Synthesis of Pine Tree Ash and Red Pepper Stem Ash)

  • 한영순;이용석;이병하
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제43권7호
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    • pp.393-401
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    • 2006
  • The development of Korean glaze originated from the development of ash glazes. Ash not only has strong solubility but also can shows the glaze a variety of different colors according to what the glaze has in it as the main component. In addition, it gives a feeling of lucidness and softness. For these reasons, there are a lot of needs for ash and many potters want to take advantage of ashes as glaze. But natural ashes have not been widely used as glaze primarily because it is relatively hard to find or manufacture. Considering the difficulty of finding or manufacturing natural ashes, this study aims to formulate synthetic ash which not only is available to the potters in general but also has the sam ε characteristics as the natural ashes. To achieve this aim, this study examines the characteristics of the pine tree ash, the main component of the glaze of celadon porcelains, and the red pepper stem ash, the main component of the brown glaze, both of which have been used by the Korean traditional potters. In this study, the alkaline component of the glaze. A important ingredient when the ashes are synthesized, was supplied by mixing of $Na_2CO_3$, Chungju limestone and rice straw ash. Furthermore, the synthetic ash, when it shows no change of pH in its composition rate of 6:2:2, was found to be usable as the most stable material. In conclusion, the formula which frits some raw $materials-Na_2CO_3$, Chungju limestone and rice straw ash-can duplicate the synthetic ash which is simila to the natural ash.

대부도2호선 목부재의 수종과 위글매치를 이용한 방사성탄소연대 분석 (Species Identification and Radiocarbon Dating for the Wooden Board from Daebudo Shipwreck No.2 Using Wiggle Matching)

  • 남태광;윤용희;김응호
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.359-368
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 경기도 안산시 단원구 대부도에서 발굴된 대부도2호선의 목부재와 초본류의 수종분석과 방사성탄소연대분석을 통해 사용된 목재의 재질과 고선박이 난파된 시기를 추정하고자 하였다. 수종분석을 통해 선체부재로 사용된 목재는 모두 소나무속의 경송류로 식별되었으며, 기타 선체부재와 나무못은 경송류, 밤나무속, 참나무속 상수리나무아속 상수리나무류, 느티나무, 오리나무속의 사용을 확인하였다. 동반 출토된 목제빗과 참빗은 단풍나무속과 대나무아과로 확인되었고, 밧줄은 칡으로 만들어졌음이 밝혀졌다. 선수재와 받침목 그리고 씨앗류(감씨)의 방사성탄소연대측정과 위글매치 분석을 통해 대부도2호선은 AD 1151~1224년 사이에 난파된 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 고선박은 12~13세기 초중반에 난파되었음을 시사한다. 이는 출토된 도자기의 편년과 일치하는 결과이다.

화순 쌍봉사 극락전 아미타불 연화좌대의 수종 및 연륜연대 분석 (Species Identification and Tree-Ring Dating of the Lotus Pedestal of Amitabha Statue at Ssangbong-Temple in Hwasun, Korea)

  • 김요정;손병화;오정애;조태건;최선일;박원규
    • 한국가구학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study was to conduct the species identification and tree-ring dating of Lotus Pedestal of the Amitabha Statue at Ssangbong-Temple in Hwasun. The six wood blocks used for the Lotus Pedestal were hard pines (Pinus spp.; diploxilon) except one piece which was ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). The lotus leaves surrounding the pedestal body were also made of ginkgo. Tree-ring patterns of 3 blocks were synchronized and a 133 years chronology was made. The chronology was crossdated well with the master chronology of Japanese red pine in South Korea. It dated back to A. D. 1551~1683, i.e. the last ring dated A. D. 1683. Through the estimation of the number of sapwood rings removed during carving, the felling year was calculated A. D. $1704{\pm}10$. The calligraphic writing on the Pedestal indicated that this statue was made in A. D. 1694. Therefore, the accuracy of the tree-ring dating has been proven.

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남양주 호평유적 출토 관재의 수종식별 및 연륜연대 분석 (Analysis of Species and Tree-ring Dating of Coffin Woods excavated at Hopyungri, Namyangju, Korea)

  • 박원규;최종국;김요정
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제18권
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    • pp.105-110
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    • 2006
  • 경기도 남양주시 호평리 유적에서 발굴된 목관재(木棺材)의 수종식별 및 연륜연대 분석을 실시하였다. 합장묘인 큰 관(남자)과 작은 관(여자)에서 23점의 수종을 분석한 결과 관재는 모두 소나무류로 식별되었다. 운구 때 악귀를 막는 데 쓰이는 운삽(雲?) 2점은 피나무로 식별되었다. 연륜연대에 의해 남자 관과 여자 관의 마지막 나이테가 각각 1620년과 1570년으로 측정되었다. 수피가 없어 정확한 벌채연도를 알 수 없었기 때문에 변재 연륜수를 적용한 결과 남자 관은 1620년 직후에 그리고 여자 관은 이보다 다소 이른 시기에 벌채된 관재로 제작된 것으로 추정되었다.

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