• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1998

Parents of handicapped children are experiencing difficulties in their children's care, social isolation, change of life style and lirnited leisure time. Because the parents should take care of the children's daily life, they have lots of psychological and physical stress. Chronic stress of parents puts stress to the other family members and affects the development of children with handicap. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of stress in each of parents of children with motor problem, the characteristics of the children and general information related with the children, and to analyse the stress by reasons. Specially organized questionnaire were used for an investigation method. "Test of stress in mother who has children with chronic illness" by Kim Hee-soon were modified and used. The questionnaire answered by 43 mothers and 35 fathers were analyzed. Data analysis includes frequency analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-test and MANOV A by SPSSWIN. The results were as follows: 1) Degree of handicap was most moderate (46.5%), level of motor development was most pull to walk (34.9%), and combined handicap was 69.8%. 2) Sexual distribution represented that 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The cost of physical therapy was 69.8% in no more than 100,000 won. 3) The mean of age, for the mother was 32.8 years and 35.3 years. Level of motor development that mother and father expect was 88.4%, 83% walk alone. 4) Both mother and father experienced stress in other of Part II (changes in father was the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child), Part III (prognosis of the child's condition), Part I (social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers). In the total score of stress, mother's stress is indicated higher level than father's stress. 5) There was no correlationship between characteristics and stress of mother and father. 6) There was no statistically significant difference between characteristics and related general information of children with handicap and stress of mother and father. As a results, the mother of children with handicap are experiencing more stress than the father. Both of parents have the most difficulties in the changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child. This study can be used as resources of education, therapy and counselling for children with handicap and their parents. This study, also, can be used to encourage the quality of Iife for the children with handicapped and their family.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.296-316
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• 1998

The practical learning experience is the heart of nursing's professional program of study, have been the most widely disscussed and yet the least studied of all nursing education activities. The major goal of practical learning experience is to provide opportunities in realistic work settings that permit the nursing student to develop the knowledge, skill It attitudes of a beginning practitioner. The purpose of this study is to identify the experience of practical learning in the children's rehabilitation center by nursing students, to provide basic information for developing practical learning in pediatric nursing education. The study design was a descriptive study. Data were collected 74 cases of journaling which came from senior nursing students who cared for the handicapped children in P rehabilitation center from 24, August, 1997 to 29, Decmber, 29, 1998. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis by Kim & Lee(1986), Kim(1987). The results are as follows : The content of practical learning in the children's rehabilitation center were classified with 5 domains. The domains were , , , , and .

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1975

The purpose of this investigation was to make a comprohensive study and evaluation of the oral health of a group of orthopedically handicapped children by considering the DMF rate, occlusion, and oral hygiene status of 194 orthopedic children. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The DMF rate of over all examined children was 59.85%, and when the four orthopedic groups were compared among themselves, it was found that Cerebral Palsy group had a significant higher DMF rate than that occuring in any of the remaining groups. 2. Total prevalence of malocclusion was 50. 10%, and it was found that Cerebral Palsied children had a significantly higher incidence of malocclusion ($67.90{\pm}4.12$), and that Cerebral Palsy group showed a significantly different distribution of higher percentage of Class II occlusions from that observed in the remaining groups. 3. In dental plaque index, Average plaque index per tooth was 2.09. Plaque index of each group was as follows A) Cerebral palsy: 2.35 B) Poliomyelitis: 2.24 C) Tb Group: 1.65 D) miscellaneous Group: 1.72.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Various difficulties and inconveniences arise from having a mentally handicapped child in a family and these place many demands on mothers. There are few studies in Korea on these demands nor on what mothers go through with their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and puberty. The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters, as it relates to their daughters' menarche and the beginning of puberty. With indepth interviews, both in person and by telephone and participant observation the study used a qualitative research methodology to attempt to understand the experiences of these mothers. The data were gathered from October 1995 to April 1996. The subjects for the research included nine mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 and who attended one of three special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The data were recorded and analyzed : meaningful statements were grouped according to subjects raised by the mothers. Content Analysis was also applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences. and to highlight concepts and categorized them. The results of this study are as follows. Five categories were identified : mothers' emotional responses to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and menstration were of severe despair accompanied by anxiety, guilt, fear, anguish, shame and pity because the mothers were afraid their daughters would not be able to use appropriate hygienic measures during menstration and the mothers felt heavily burdened in having to look them. The mothers also had negative feelings about their daughters' physical development. The experience of mothers related to their daughters' possibilities for marriage and pregnancy were of powerlessness, distress, withdrawal, fear. pity and desperation and they were afraid that their daughters might be violated sexually. The mothers rejected the possibility of marriage and pregnancy for their daughters and instead planned very restricting futures for them. The mothers used various coping methods to bring meaning to their lives. Because the negative emotional responses of the mothers. nurses need to work to empower mothers to overcome these negative responses. Sex education can also play an important role especially for the daughters especially through the use of visual aids. Further, nurses should understand the tearing difficulties of mentally handicapped daughters, what mothers need and also what they experience with their mentally handicapped daughters. In conclusion, nurses should understand the negative experiences of the mothers in relation to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche, help the mothers cope with the negative. emotions through real life education and counselling. In addition, there is a need for nursing interventions and an administrative system which will minimize the prejudices of society towards handicapped people.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.247-265
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher support program for integration of handicapped children on teaching efficacy of daycare center teachers. Methods: In the study, 12 day care teachers in 4 day care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi area were selected as experimental groups and 12 teachers in 5 day care centers were selected as control group. Teacher education is carried out through group education, such as understanding of developmental area, curriculum modification, activity-based embedded intervention, cooperative learning, direct teaching, disability understanding education, behavior support, family support. Individual teacher education provided counseling on the reality of child care for children with disabilities that reflects the needs of teachers for integrated child care for handicapped children. Teacher's Efficacy in Inclusive Practices (TEIP) was used as a pre post test to measure teacher's efficacy change. In order to analyze the results of the study, two independent sample t tests were conducted on the difference between pre-post test of teacher efficacy between the two groups. Results: As a result, There was a significant difference in the pre-post change of teacher efficacy between the two groups. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are as follows, teacher support program provided immediate feedback in integrated child daycare center for the handicapped children, child care teachers improved their integrated handicapped children care expertise, provided responsive teacher support program to the actual needs of the site, teacher support program reflected various variables related to integration, and emphasized the cooperative relationship between researcher and child daycare center teacher. The results of this study can be used as actual data of field where lack of support for the integration of handicapped children is lacking.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.231-236
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• 2005

As number of old and handicapped passengers is increasing in an aging society, it is becoming more and more important to provide safe and convenient subway interior design and direction. In this research, we study basic indispensable conditions for subway chair and propose a chair design direction for old and handicapped people considering their use. In this study, we elicit the rational result based on analysis of Seoul subway design direction. This study should be expanded into universal design for not only old people but also pregnant people and children. The chair for old people is needed to have side partitions and a safety bar for safe walking and to be made of soft materials which has some cushion.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

General anesthesia is an effective behavior management method for disabled patients or uncooperative children who have difficulty in cooperation. The objective of this study was to assess and analyze dental treatment under general anesthesia in department of pediatric dentistry at Pusan National University Dental Hospital for 5 years. One hundred and nine cases of general anesthesia from June 2013 to May 2018 were surveyed for this study. Patients' distribution, reasons for general anesthesia, treatment pattern, agents for general anesthesia, duration of treatment, and visiting route were assessed. The proportion of male was higher than female and age group of 5 to 9 was highest. Reasons for general anesthesia were handicapped situations with or without systemic disease(52%), operative treatment needs(13.2%), uncooperative(15%) and others(29.8%). Most used agents for general anesthesia were thiopental sodium and sevoflurane. Dental treatment under general anesthesia for handicapped and uncooperative children has been increasing. Therefore, it is important to improve the system and efficiency of general anesthesia to provide satisfactory treatment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.180-205
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• 1999

The first purpose of this study was to examine a relationship between coping strategies and adaptation in mothers of handicapped children. The second purpose was to assess the relative contribution of coping strategies to maternal adaptation, controlling other variables that previously have been found to be important in determining maternal adaptation. Finally, the unique effect of coping strategies as predictors of maternal adaptation was examined. The subjects consisted of 92 mothers of handicapped children. They were asked to complete several self-report measures that were used to assess the variables of interest. The results indicated that coping was significantly related to maternal adaptation. Specifically, the use of confrontive coping, accepting responsibility, and escape-avoidance coping strategy were related to poorer maternal adaptation. On the other hand, painful problem solving and positive reappraisal strategy were related to better maternal adaptation. The step-wise regression results further indicated that coping strategies were significantly predict maternal adaptation. Specifical1y confrontive coping, accepting responsibility, and positive reappraisal coping strategy contributed significantly to the prediction of maternal adaptation compared to the other variables. Finally, the confrontive coping, accepting responsibility, positive reappraisal strategies turned out to contribute substantially to maternal adaptation even after several other variables were statistically controlled in conservative way. Implications of the findings for social work interventions was discussed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1983

The following results were abtained based on the research of the occlusal patterns among 1074 handicapped persons (cerebral palsy: 46, mental subnormality: 619, deafmute: 285, blind: 111, childish autism:8, cleft lip and cleft palate:3, polimyelitis:2) of the age between 6 and 23 in Chollanamdo, Korea, in comparison with a normal group of 1048 children of the age between 6 and 15 selected at random in J primary school in Gwang-ju City. 1. According to Angle's malocclusion classification, all the handicapped groups, except the cerebral palsy and the blind, showed a higher prevalence of malocclusion than that of the normal. Especially the prevalence of Class II, devision 1 malocclusion in the cerebral palsy was the highest, and the prevalence of Class III malocclusion in all the handicapped groups was higher than that of the normal group. Among these groups the highest prevalence of Class III malocclusion was in the Down's syndrome group. 2. On the the abnormal pattern of the anterior region, there was no significant difference $(P\leqq0.05)$ between the normal and the cerebral palsy, the deafmute, and e blind. The open bite $(7.27{\pm}1.04\%)$ and the cross-bite $(32.7{\pm}6.33\%)$ of the Down's syndrome wire higher than that of the normal, and the forward position of the mandible could be recognized in the Down's syndrome group. 3. On the midline position of the dentition, all the handicapped showed the same percentage of deviation, but the degree of mandibular shift to the right $(20.00{\pm}5.39\%)$ or left $(10.91{\pm}4.20\%)$ was higher than that of the normal only in the Down's syndrome group. 4. On the abnormal pattern of the posterior region, the cross-bite of the Down's syndrome was higher than that of the normal by $20.00{\pm}5.39\%$, the cross-bite of the cerebral palsy and the cross-bite and the open bite of the mental subnormality were slightly higher than that of the normal. The other handicapped groups showed no significant difference $(P\leq0.05)$ to the normal.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.628-638
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• 2002

The handicapped frequently suffer from inappropriate food intake often resulting in overweightness, malnutrition, and poor growth and development. Our study was done on 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul. We administered questionnaire surveys and 3-day dietary recalls of the subjects, with help when needed from their stay-at home or their care-giving teachers. The questionnaires covered the general characteristics and dietary behaviors of the subjects. The degrees of handicap of the 142 children ranged from the trainable (54.9%), the educable (31.0%), and the non-trainable (14.1%). Of the children studied, 70.4% had ‘breakfast always’, which was higher than normal. Appetites were highest in the Down's Syndrome group. We found that the more serious the handicap, the higher the breakfast eating ratio and appetite level. The main reason for their missing breakfast differed according to the handicap level: ‘late rising’in the educable and non-trainable groups but ‘no appetite’in the trainable group. Most of the children (52.2%) spent less than 20 minutes eating their meals, the parents described their children's dietary habit problems as a pica (22:3%) or overeating (17.3%) , and they indicated that teaching the children how to use spoons and chopsticks (33.1%) was the most stressful. Actually more than 85% of the subjects could not use chopsticks, and skill of using cutlery was significantly different according to the degree of handicap. The food preference for milk products was the highest. It was interesting that the handicapped who had serious food pica didn't like food groups such as grains/starches, meats/fishes/eggs/beans or vegetables/fruits.