• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.281-294
• /
• 2012

Filtration using granular media such as quarried sand, anthracite and granular activated carbon is a well-known technique used in both water and wastewater treatment. A relatively new pre-filtration method called pebble matrix filtration (PMF) technology has been proved effective in treating high turbidity water during heavy rain periods that occur in many parts of the world. Sand and pebbles are the principal filter media used in PMF laboratory and pilot field trials conducted in the UK, Papua New Guinea and Serbia. However during first full-scale trials at a water treatment plant in Sri Lanka in 2008, problems were encountered in sourcing the required uniform size and shape of pebbles due to cost, scarcity and Government regulations on pebble dredging. As an alternative to pebbles, hand-made clay pebbles (balls) were fired in a kiln and their performance evaluated for the sustainability of the PMF system. These clay balls within a filter bed are subjected to stresses due to self-weight and overburden, therefore, it is important that clay balls should be able to withstand these stresses in water saturated conditions. In this paper, experimentally determined physical properties including compression failure load (Uniaxial Compressive Strength) and tensile strength at failure (theoretical) of hand-made clay balls are described. Hand-made clay balls fired between the kiln temperatures of $875^{\circ}C$ to $960^{\circ}C$ gave failure loads of between 3.0 kN and 7.1 kN. In another test when clay balls were fired to $1250^{\circ}C$ the failure load was 35.0 kN compared to natural Scottish cobbles with an average failure load of 29.5 kN. The uniaxial compressive strength of clay balls obtained by experiment has been presented in terms of the tensile yield stress of clay balls. Based on the effective stress principle in soil mechanics, a method for the estimation of maximum theoretical load on clay balls used as filter media is proposed and compared with experimental failure loads.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.876-887
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the fundamental foot measurement data that is essential for a shoes size system of women in their 20~30s according to a survey of Korean hand-made shoes companies. This research on the current situation of shoes companies was done by interviewing and surveying employees of these companies. The subjects for this study were 407 women in their 20s~30s who lived in a metropolitan area, and who wanted to enhance their foot health and prevent injury with a proper shoes size system. They were measured with the 3D scan method in use of 6th Size Korea. The result of this study showed that there is considerable dissatisfaction related to women's shoes and the current foot size system using foot length. The Korean hand-made shoes companies assessed here did not use the KS system, but they recognized the necessity of measuring the foot width and circumference, understanding that doing so properly can decrease the return and repair rate. And current target age for shoes bye the hand-made shoes companies was reported to be approximately 5 years. There were significant results according to ANOVA, factor and cluster analyses according to the age range pertaining to the foot length, circumference and height. Each element was significantly correlated with user's satisfaction. There were 5 factors and 3 clusters represented, and foot circumstance and width were as important as foot length with a range of 5 years.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the subjective fabric hand of sleepwear fabrics, and to assist in developing sleepwear fabrics that offer maximum comfort in wearing sensation. In general, the respondents noted that sleepwear fabrics made with polyester had better tactile sensation than those made with cotton, while satin weave fabrics felt better than plain weave fabrics. As regards the difference in fabric hand according to gender, female students responded with more receptiveness and sensitivity than male students in the category of woven fabric evaluation. As regards the same textile materials, the evaluations of female students and male students differed in fabric hand descriptors, particularly for the evaluation on cotton fabrics. Male students responded that both plain weave fabrics and satin weave fabrics were stiff while female students replied that satin weave fabrics had better tactile sensation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2007

The present study analyzed the two hand backhand stroke motion of six female high school tennis players who won the championship at the National Athletic Meeting in 2006, and drew conclusions as follows. The open angle of the racket at the moment of impact was 90 degree without significant difference among the players, making a wide contact between the ball and the racket. The racket angle was 43 degree at take back and 91 at impact, showing a style of holding the racket rather upright in general. In back swing from the top to the impact, the shoulders and the hips turned by 97 degree and 40 degree, respectively. At the moment of impact, the height of the impact was 54%H, and the position of the impact was 10%H ahead of and 37%H left from the central axis of the body. The right hand made a continental grip and the left hand made a Western or semi Western grip. Through the entire swing motion, the grip angle of the left hand was smaller than that of the right hand, and those who maintained a large grip angle of the right hand at the moment of take back put the racket head slightly farther from the body. In the swing of the racket head from the lowest point to the impact, the vertical length of movement was 11%H and the horizontal length of movement was 60%H, quite long.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2002

The handle of fabrics including tactility and sense of visuality are closely related to the factors governing the preferences of end-users. This study shows the change of mechanical properties, thermal properties and optical properties by comparing two fabrics which are woven with circular shaped filaments and with triangular ones. The fabric mechanical characteristics required for primary hand values were evaluated with the KES-FB system. The mechanical properties measured by KES-FB system shows that fabrics made of circular filaments are greater than those made of triangular ones. The thermal properties measured by KES-F7(Thermo Labo II) system shows that the values of the initial maximum value(qmax) and the thermal conductivity(λ) are higher in the fabric made of triangular shaped ones. When the light rays tall on a surface, the fabric made of triangular filaments shows more lustrous than circular ones.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2011

Background: The purpose of this study is to make a grip strength checker to make people measure their grip strength easily, based on standardized grip strength checker chart. Method: In this study, we measured right hand grip strength of 80 women residents of Deajeon (women in their 30s to 60s, 20 in each) 2 times per day for 5days in same conditions from 20th of November 2010 to 24th of November. it was measured by Jamar Hydraculic Hand Dynamometer made lately to compare with the current measuring equipment. No matter how big their hands are, their hands were fixed at second level. Measured as they sit on a chair and let their shoulders gathered and not be rotated, let their arms be 90 degree, wrist and forearm be at the middle for the first time, and took another after they took a rest, and measured the average of the two. Result: There was not a meaningful difference between the current measuring equipment and the equipment made lately (p>.05). Conclusion: It is thought that the equipment made lately can be believed. In addition, we want people to realize their own grip strength easily by this study.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chemical finishes on performance characteristics of microfiber blend fabrics. A 60% polyester microfiber /40% cotton blend woven fabric was finished by ten chemicals: three silicone softeners, one fluorochemical, and their mixtures. Performance characteristics examined were fabric hand attributes. Fabric hand was evaluated by instrumental measures using Kawabata KES-F system instruments. Silicone-only finishes did not change the bending properties significantly from those of the control fabric. The fluorochemical-only finish made the fabric stiffer and crisper. When the two chemicals were mixed they tended to offset this adversary effect. Most of the chemical finishes made the surface finer and smoother. Fluorochemical-only finish improved fabric strength. Likewise, dimethylpolysiloxane silicone improved fabric strength. Amino-functional hydrophilic and diamino-functional silicone softeners, on the other hand, reduced fabric strength. However, when mixed with the fluorochemical, the adversary effect was diminished.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.899-902
• /
• 2003

This study was tested for the bending stress analysis of hand spl int for Hemiplegic Patients. Hemiplegia was represented the stroke and the cerebral palsy. Hand splints of four materials was an Orthoplast hand splint, a Polypropylene hand splint, a Yogips hand splint and an Aluminum hand splint. The Stress Analysis system was made by the electronic oscilloscope, strain gage sensors, amplifier, A/D converter, PC with C program. It will be able to using the important data in spl int design. The results of analysis were obtained various different graphes and maximum data in an Orthoplast hand splint, a Polypropylene hand splint, a Yogips hand splint and an Aluminum hand spl int.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.52 no.9
• /
• pp.521-527
• /
• 2003

This study presents the AC railway system modeled by EMTDC in detail. The ,model made by EMTDC have a lot of advantages. It could be available for the system change, simulated repeatedly and also applied regarding very complicated systems. EMTDC simulations to verify this model are compared with the hand calculations. It is confirmed that the model made by EMTDC is correctly designed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.149-162
• /
• 2004

Quality assurance with high safety profile is one of the most critical issues to medical device manufacturing. In general, this issue was not paid proper attention with respect to acupuncture needle and its related devices. Acupuncture needles are manufactured through various standards ranging from purely hand-made, partially hand-made and partially machine-made, to fully machine-made mainly in China, Korea, and Japan. There is a large difference in quality between needles from different manufacturers. In order to provide a standard manufacturing guideline, it seems necessary to make a Korean Industrial standard (KS). The authors review this topic from an historical view point, investigate the current situation of the standardization of acupuncture needles in other developed countries, and inspect the general procedure to establish a KS in Korea in order to suggest a KS for acupuncture needles.