• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.480-490
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to report the level of extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) emitted by portable hand-held fans (HHF) and to discuss the methodologies for determining the health risk of ELF-MF for HHF products. Method: ELF-MF was monitored at eight locations by distances in the vicinity of HHFs. A total of 13 HHF brands on the market were randomly selected. A portable ELF-MF monitor MDEX II was used to measure the ELF-MF level in the range of 40-800 Hz with a resolution of $0.01{\mu}T$. This study also examined the frequency results of a total of 45 HHF products investigated by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (KMSICT). Results: ELF-MF higher than $0.3{\mu}T$ was found to be emitted at a distance of less than 20 cm from 12 HHF. ELF-MF emitted from four products was found to exceed the reference level ($83.3{\mu}T$ based on 60 Hz) recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). KMSIT reported that the principle frequency emitted from the HHFs ranged from 54 Hz to 284 kHz, without the level of LEF-MF. Unscientifically, the KMSICT used the reference level by ICNIRP as the chronic level and concluded that all HHFs are safe with a basis of 1.2-36.0% less than the reference level. Conclusion: The HHF emitted much higher levels of ELF-MF than $0.3-0.4{\mu}T$, which is regarded as the reference level for childhood leukemia. The risk of HHF should be examined in terms of whether they can be used by the general public, including children and pregnant woman.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.249-263
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• 2004

Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to establish the exposure monitoring method of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil application to pear and field red pepper by vehicle-mounted sprayer, hand-held sprayer and to assess the risk. Methods and Results: Chlorpyrifos met all of requirements of sampling and analysis method(U.S. EPA), but chlorothalonil met only dermal patch method. Potential dermal and inhalation exposure was evaluated in 42 farmers. Compared with the hand-held sprayer application, vehicle mounted sprayer demonstrated producing relatively lower dermal exposure levels with statistical significance. In dermal exposure during hand-held application, there is no significant difference between pear and red pepper. Conclusions: This results show that application method is the main factor of dermal exposure. There was no statistically significant difference between each group of respiratory exposure level. The margin of safety (MOS) was calculated to assess the risk of pesticide exposure. All Chlorpyrifos MOS values are lower than 0.2, which mean working conditions are unsafe. In order to protect farmers, big efforts to control exposure are needed.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus and distance of external focus on the performance of balance task of upper extremity. Subjects (N=30) held a stick (2 m) and maintained it horizontally. All of the subjects performed balance task of upper extremity under four different attentional focus conditions: focus on hand (internal focus), marker at 10 cm inside of hand (external focus 1), marker at 10 cm outside of hand (external focus 2), marker at 20 cm outside of hand (external focus 3). The mean velocity of the bar (mm/s) and the muscle activity of biceps brachii (%RVC) were measured. They were decreased when the subjects focused on external focuses compared to internal focus and decreased as distance of attentional focus from body increased (p<.05). There were significant differences between groups (p<.05); internal focus-external focus 1, internal focus-external focus 2, internal focus-external focus 3, external focus 2-external focus 3. These results showed that external focus is more effective than internal focus in enhancing motor performance and focusing on more distant attentional focus results in enhanced motor performance promoting the utilization of more automatic control mechanisms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2014

TV홈쇼핑은 CATV, 위성TV, IPTV, DMB, 스마트폰 모바일로 생방송이 송출되고 있다. 여러 송출 매체 중 스마트폰 모바일 송출부분에서 방송 중 쇼호스트가 제품에 대해 설명하는 부분인 디테일부분에서 카메라의 워킹(Standard, Jimmy jib, Hand held, Dolly)에 따라 화질이 깨지는 현상(블록 현상)이 발생하고 소비자가 제품을 제대로 인식하지 못하는 불편이 있다. 본 논문에서는 카메라의 워킹에 따라 제품의 설명 중 화질의 변화하는 현상을 파악해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.4-7
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• 2002

A recently developed phase separated composite film method has been employed to fabricate a liquid crystal (LC) based electro-optical device using a single glass substrate. The resulting device is made of adjacent parallel layers of LC and polymer maded by phase separation. The LC layer is confined between the solidified polymer layer on one side and the glass substrate on the other. The electro-optical properties of these devices demonstrate their technological potential in light weight and hand-held electronic products.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.6-12
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• 2005

DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) Service was started, DMB enables people on the move to enjoy seamless video streaming, theater-quality audio and data through a hand-held digital device much like a handset or an in-car terminal. Realization of any-time, any-where, any-device, any-one DMB Service is needed for the government effective policy, Technical R&D and Standization, Corporate investment.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2002

A new type of LCD has been developed using recently developed phase separated composite film method with a single glass substrate. The resultant structures are made of adjacent parallel layers of liquid crystal and polymer. The LC layer is confined between the solidified polymer layer and glass substrate. The electra-optical properties of the display have been investigated. This technique has the potential to realize a lightweight display for hand-held portable electronic products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.378-380
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• 1998

최근의 HPC같은 초소형 컴퓨터의 발달은 더 자연스럽고 더 사용하기 편한 입출력 시스템을 요구하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 HPC상에서의 흘림한글을 인식할 수 있는 인식 시스템을 구현한 것을 주제로 하였다. 본 시스템은 획을 인식의 기본 단위로 취급하며, 획 인식을 위하여 ART-1신경망을 사용하였으며, 글자인식을 위해 HMM의 각 스테이트를 탐색하는 방법을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 시스템을 HPC상에서 구현하였고 좋은 실험결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.127-134
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• 2001

With the increasing demands for hand-held devices with lightweight and low-power-consumption displays, the role of reflective liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is becoming more and more important. Especially, the single polarizer mode is considered as a suitable structure for reflective LCDs because it can provide high brightness. However, the single-polarizer LCDs have demerit in that the contrast is lower than double-polarizer LCDs because of the light leakage in thedark state. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.442-444
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• 2004

본 연구는 핸드헬드 디바이스와 레고 블럭을 이용하여 공장의 무인화와 실시간문제 탐지, 실시간 원격제어를 위한 무선기반의 자동화 공장을 위한 시뮬레이터 구현을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해, PDA와 무선랜 기술을 이용하여 무선 공장 자동화모델을 시뮬레이션 하였으며, 원거리에서도 탐지 및 제어를 할 수 있으며 또한 발생되는 문제점을 미리 파악하고, 보다 정확한 공정관리 및 제어를 위해 시뮬레이션 모델을 설계 및 구현하였다. 향후, 이는 임베디드 리눅스뿐 아니라 WinCE 를 탑재한 휴대폰에서도 공정제어, 모니터링 등의 제어가 가능할 것으로 예측된다.