• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

The study is to find relative EEG power spectrum and pattern of coherence discriminating attentive and inattentive hand movements. Eight undergraduate students aged from 20 to 27 who had not hand disability participated in this study. Participants were asked to perform visuo-motor task. EEG was measured at C3 in 10~20 international system and four areas orthogonally directed 2.5cm away from C3. Significant result discriminating movement and rest was found through coherence analysis between movement areas or movement area and non-movement area, but was individually different. Because it was anticipated that major factors caused by the differences among individuals were attributed to the attention of the subjects, relative power of alpha and beta bands was identified. As a result, significant relative powers of alpha and beta bands were found in a group of high coherence level, but were not found in a group of low level. Next, participants were divided into two groups according to relative powers of alpha and beta bands. The comparison between two groups was performed. As a result, the coherence of the alpha band in the attentive group was greater than that of the inattentive group. It was found that the coherence of the beta band in the inattentive group was happening. Therefore, individual differences of coherence were influenced by attention. The significant coherence patterns that could discriminate attentive movement and inattentive movement were found.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to investigate the cleavage pattern, its developmental ability and apoptosis of porcine embryo in vitro. Morphology data on a total of 919 embryos were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-eight hours after insemination, embryos were classified into five groups based on the cleavage state as follows; 1 cell, 2 cell, 4 cell, 5 to 8 cell and fragmentation. These groups were cultured another 120 hours and then evaluated for blastocyst formation. Blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher in 4 cell (42.5%) and 5 to 8 cell (48.6%) cleaving groups than in other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, 2 cell and fragmentation groups produced 4.9% and 3,9% blastocysts, respectively. And we could verify that in the event of 2 cell block and fragmentation of embryo. To analyze the apoptotic frequency in preimplantation development of porcine IVF embryos, all cells of each blastocyst were performed by TUNEL assay. There were no significantly differences in the total cell numbers of embryos and apoptotic cell rate in blastocysts among the each classified groups. Data suggest that 4 cell and 5 to 8 cell cleaving embryos at 48 hour after insemination have high developmental competence, and may be an useful parameter to predict the development of preimplantation embryos and to study using preimplanation embryonic research.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.155-164
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• 1995

For efficient operation, vital hand controls must be easily controlled by the operator from his normal working position. The primary working area based on operator's working comfort was developed to serve as a design guideline tothe control panel layout. Ten male subjects participated in the experiment in which working comfort was measured for two controls of a lever type control and a knob type control with respect to the frontal and sagittal distances from the body center and the slope of a workplace. The response surface methodolgy using a central composite design was employed to develop a prediction model for perceived working comfort of each control. Both controls have a similar pattern of comfortable working area, but the lever type control has slightly broader working area. The concept of the proposed working area is a significant extension to the conventional working area such as Farley's or Squires' curves. It is shown that the distance toa control device and the slope have a quadratic effect to working comfort. It is noticeable that comfortable working area exists outside the conventional working area. The result of the response surface analysis also indicated that a little slope of about 15 .deg. for a control panel improves working comfort.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3635-3654
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• 2015

With the rapid development of smart devices and mobile Internet, the video application plays an increasingly important role on mobile devices. Understanding user behavior patterns is critical for optimized operation of mobile live streaming systems. On the other hand, volume based billing models on cloud services make it easier for video service providers to scale their services as well as to reduce the waste from oversized service capacities. In this paper, the watching behaviors of a commercial mobile live streaming system are studied in a content-centric manner. Our analysis captures the intrinsic correlation existing between popularity and watching intensity of programs due to the synchronized watching behaviors with program schedule. The watching pattern is further used to estimate traffic volume generated by the program, which is useful on data volume capacity reservation and billing strategy selection in cloud services. The traffic range of programs is estimated based on a naive popularity prediction. In cross validation, the traffic ranges of around 94% of programs are successfully estimated. In high popularity programs (>20000 viewers), the overestimated traffic is less than 15% of real happened traffic when using upper bound to estimate program traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2004

Rational sense is affected by emotion. If we add the factor of estimated emotion by environment information into robots, we may get more intelligent and human-friendly robots. However, various sensory information and pattern classification are prescribed for robots to learn emotion so that the networks are suitable for the necessity of robots. Neural network has superior ability to extract character of system but neural network has defect of temporal cross talk and local minimum convergence. To solve the defects, many kinds of modular neural networks have been proposed because they divide a complex problem into simple several subproblems. The modular neural network, introduced by Jacobs and Jordan, shows an excellent ability of recomposition and recombination of complex work. On the other hand, the recurrent network acquires state representations and representations of state make the recurrent neural network suitable for diverse applications such as nonlinear prediction and modeling. In this paper, we applied recurrent network for the expert network in the modular neural network structure to learn data pattern based on emotional assessment. To show the performance of the proposed network, simulation of learning the environment and behavior pattern is proceeded with the real time implementation. The given problem is very complex and has too many cases to learn. The result will show the performance and good ability of the proposed network and will be compared with the result of other method, general modular neural network.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

Diagnosis and Prediction of urban industrial structure is a key subject for establishment of sustainable urban development plan. By this time, studies of industry-related urban spatial structure have been concentrated on measurement of space distribution by industry type mainly using data about urban industries or total worker numbers. Now, status of workers become an important issue so this study analyzed qualitative change of urban industrial structure in the view of space using work status classification system. For that, data for work status in 1994 and 2004 were collected in towns and villages, and space analysis units were coincided based on change data between 1994 and 2004. Then, it analyzed spatial distribution pattern of employment through qualitative standard called work status using GIS. The analysis results by work status type of Busan industrial structure in GIS circumstance were as below. First, traditional labor intensive industries met a limit and service and wholesale/retail sale industries went to be poor livelihood. Therefore, Busan's employment rate should be decreased and worker numbers were statistically increased, however, irregular and non-wage workers were suddenly increased. So, it was determined that the quality of employment in Busan area came down. Second, a traditional downtown area has dwindled; on the other hand, employment has been increased in new town or new industrial complex and in the area developed services rather than the manufacturing industry. It is expected that the result of this study may be meaningful as data to prepare for longterm industrial development plan through qualitative evaluation called work status as well as to make behavior pattern of industrial structure which is basis of urban development.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.595-612
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• 2002

One of the most important issues in guaranteeing the high degree of QoS on mobile computing is how to reduce hand-off drops caused by lack of available bandwidth in a new cell. Each cell can request bandwidth reservation to its adjacent cells for hand-off calls. This reserved bandwidth can be used only for hand-offs, not for new calls. It is also important to determine how much of bandwidth should be reserved for hand-off calls because reserving too much would increase the probability of a new call being blocked. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new mechanism to provide QoS guarantee on a mobile computing environment by reserving an appropriate amount of bandwidth and call admission control. In this paper. bandwidth reservation and call admission control mechanisms are proposed to guarantee a consistent QoS for multimedia traffics on a mobile computing environment. For an appropriate bandwidth reservation, we propose an adaptive bandwidth reservation mechanism based on an MPP and a 2-tier cell structure. The former is used to predict a next move of the client while the latter to apply our mechanism only to the client with a high hand-off probability. We also propose a call admission control that performs call admission test only on PNC(Predicted Next Cell) of a client and its current cell. In order to minimize a waste of bandwidth caused by an erroneous prediction of client's location, we utilize a common pool and QoS adaptation scheme. In order evaluate the performance of our call admission control mechanism, we measure the metrics such as the blocking probability of new calls, dropping probability of hand-off calls, and bandwidth utilization. The simulation results show that the performance of our mechanism is superior to that of the existing mechanisms such as NR-CAT2, FR-CAT2, and AR-CAT2.

• Atmosphere
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2006

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of physical parameterization on the simulation of a snowfall event over Korea caused by air-mass transformation by using the PSU/NCAR MM5. A heavy snowfall event over Korea during 3-5 January 2003 is selected. In addition to the control experiments employing simple-ice microphysics scheme, MRF PBL scheme, and original surface layer process, three consequent physics sensitivity experiments are performed. Each experiment exchanges microphysics (Reisner Graupel), boundary layer (YSU PBL) schemes, and revised surface layer process with a reduced thermal roughness length for the control run. The control run reproduces an overall pattern of snowfall over Korea, but with a high bias by a factor of about 2. As revealed in the previous studies, the cloud microphysics and PBL parameterizations do not show a significant sensitivity for the case of snowfall. A more sophisticated cloud processes does not reveal a discernible effect on the simulated snowfall. Further, high bias in snowfall is exaggerated when a more realistic PBL scheme is employed. On the other hand, it is found that the revised surface layer process plays a role in improving the prediction of snowfall by reducing it. Thus, it is found that a realistic design of surface layer physics in mesoscale models is an important factor to the reduction of systematic bias of the snowfall over Korea that is caused by air-mass transformation over the Yellow sea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.540-547
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• 2009

There needs disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Then traditional Chinese medicine applies various medical diagnostic equipments used in western medicine to diagnosing sub-healthy state. But such data are not originated from inherent oriental medicine, and not obtained easily in ordinary clinical practice. This paper is to provide synopsis of the ante-disease diagno-therapeutics partly and to show predictable data based on the facial shapes and signs, especially of gall bladder's versus bladder's body and masculine versus feminine shape. Ante-disease means not only the complete healthy state, but also the state unseen any symptoms in macrographically in the course of outbreak of disease. It contains two stages, first one is the former state of disease and second one is untransmitted state of disease. The patterns of ante-disease consist of latent disease, pre-disease, transmission type like senescent syndrome, abnormal reactive syndrome(變證), syndrome of transmission and transmutation. The classification with gall bladder and bladder type manifests the differences of shape, color and size of each organ in comparison of the universal and standard figures of the human being. On the other hand, the classification with masculine and feminine shape contrasts the innate sexual difference and the shape, characteristics originated from in itself. These two classification theories have their own pathologic types and syndrome types with each disease so that disease-predictable data can be constructed based on such a relationship. In addition, this diagnostic method by facial shapes and signs is able to be applied to whole stages from prenatal to present state of disease even if the cause and inducement are not clear. Ante-disease diagno-theraputic system by Gall Bladder's versus Bladder's Body and Masculine versus Feminine Shape is getting more important in the chronic and internal disease in comparison of the acute and traumatic disease. So this study is able to make up for the limit of diagnosis on ante-disease in the field of oriental medicine clinic.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on the early growth of Korean white pine progeny test stands. For this, stand variables such as mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age and locality were first measured and summarized for each stand. Based on these statistics, annual increments for 10 years from stand age 10 to 20 were calculated for each of stand variables. The effects of local climatic conditions as one of environmental factors on the growth were then analyzed by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. From yearly climatic estimates,30 climatic indices which affect the tree growth were computed for each of the progeny test stand. The annual increments were then correlated with and regressed on the climatic indices to examine effects of local climatic conditions on the growth. Gapyung area provided the best conditions for the early growth of Korean white pine and Kwangju area ranked second. On the other hand, the growth pattern in Youngdong ranked last overall as expected. It is also found that the local growth patterns of Korean white pine in juvenile stage were affected by typical weather conditions. The conditions such as low temperature and high relative humidity provide favor environment for the early growth of Korean white pine. Especially, it was concluded that the low temperature is a main factor influencing the early growth of Korean white pine based on the results of correlation analysis and regression equations developed far the prediction of annual increments of stand variables.