• 영어어문교육
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

This paper compares different uses of downgraders by Korean English speakers (KES) with those by American English native speakers (AENS) in their requestive e-mail. Three different situations in which social power and distance were controlled were set up to examine and compare the participants' politeness strategies in requestive e-mail. It was found that the KESs' use of downgraders appeared differently from the AENSs' use qualitatively and quantitatively across three situations. The AENSs used downgraders almost three times as more, resulting in a much more mitigated and polite effect in requests. The AENSs' requests were mostly modified by syntactic modifiers, such as aspect, tense, conditional, and consultative devices. On the other hand, the KESs' requests were modified mostly by politeness markers and conditionals in a limited number of requests.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for designing tasks appropriate to the elementary classroom based on the correspondence with the national curriculum, integration among four skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), authenticity, and interactivity. For this study, two primary English teachers volunteered to participate in the case study conducted in the spring semester of the 2012 school year. Each class observed was composed of 29 and 30 sixth graders (12-year-old learners). Data were collected through classroom observation and lesson plans. Optimality theory was used to analyze data from the lessons. From the findings, the overall ranking of constraints is Curriculum ${\gg}$ Integration ${\gg}$ Authenticity ${\gg}$ Interactivity. It is also shown that for teacher 'L', the tasks such as 'guessing game', 'photo of me', and 'role play' were appropriate to help students ask questions and give reasons for their choices. As for teacher 'C', the tasks such as 'hand spans', 'transport survey', and 'picture telling' needed to be considered in order to help students understand and write comparative sentences.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.179-200
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the adequacy of derivational approach and representational approach to syntactic theories in generative grammar. As the generative grammar is based on the derivational process of syntactic theories, it is suggested that derivational approach is more valid than representational approach. Move, Economy Principle, Local Economy and Label-free Phrase Structure in Minimalist framework support the preference of derivational approach to representational approach with the elimination of computational complexity, minimality, and label-free phrase structure. Syntactic structure is considered as the result of the interaction of the properties of lexical items containing probe and economy conditions constrained by bare output conditions. On the other hand, Pseudogapping in Lasnik(1999) is analyzed in terms of Object Shift, that is, overt raising to Spec of $Agr_o$ and the PF deletion of VP in representational approach. Hence, it is suggested that the combination of derivational and representational approaches to syntactic theories can be admitted in generative grammar.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2004

In this study, analysis and design programs of bending of RC beams strengthened with fiber sheets are developed by using Visual Basic Language. The program consists two groups, ultimate strength method and nonlinear flexural analysis method. Ultimate strength method regards concrete compressive stress as a rectangular stress block and do not consider tensile stress of concrete and load-deflection curves. On the other hand, nonlinear flexural analysis considers tensile stress of concrete, load-deflection curves, state of stress distribution and failure strain of strengthening material. Also, the analysis method used in this study regards nonlinear flexural stress as compressive stress of concrete. This program can be a good tool for determining the bending strength of strengthened RC beams and estimating the amount of fiber sheets for practical use.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.319-324
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• 1996

Using random pulse stream, a number can be transformed to the pulse stream with the probability value. So the digital value are computed by simple digital gates. Thus it will be possible to build a small and strong noise immunity processing element. We propose a faster convergence algorithm using a new methods for better performance of Random Number Generator(RNG) an the nonlinear transfer function(Sigmoid function)in this paper. And a feedback circuit were fitted for pulse stream in this paper. We proposed method is simulated with C program language and conformed by circuit implementation. Finally a system for hand written number recognition is constructed by FPGA and its performance verified.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.79-85
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• 2005

In this Paper, we are trying to compare the normal speech with emotional speech -happy, sad, and angry states- through the changes of fundamental frequency. Based on the distribution charts of the normal and emotional speech, there are distinctive cues such as range of distribution, average, maximum, minimum, and so on. On the whole, the range of the fundamental frequency is extended in happy and angry states. On the other hand, sad states make the range relatively lessened. Nevertheless, the ranges of the 10 frequency in sad states are wider than the normal speech. In addition, we can verify that ending boundary tones reflect the information of whole speech.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2021

One of the most important aspects of any firm is to motivate its employees to go the extra mile. In order to do work properly, people must be motivated. The total effectiveness and efficiency of workers, as well as a company's performance, is directly related to the degree of motivation of those who work there. On the other hand, demotivated personnel do not put much effort and, when they get a better opportunity, leave their places of employment. For Survey, this study used online Google forms to collect data from September 2021 to October 2021. The target demographic for the research was those who worked for Lebanon's private businesses. The poll was conducted in English, the second language of Lebanon. Furthermore, 179 workers (N = 179) were utilized for this research. The research suggests that fun events and support for fun managers enable workers to connect informally and help people know each other better, creating an environment that promotes friendship building. Based on these connected reasons, fun activities and the support of managers for fun are considerably linked to turnover.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2019

Creative thinking appears even before it is expressed in language, and its existence is revealed through emotion, intuition, image and body feeling before logic or linguistics rules work. In this study, Lego is intended to present experimental child interactive content that is applied with a computer vision based on image processing techniques. In the case of infants, the main purpose of this content is the development of hand muscles and the ability to implement imagination. The purpose of the analysis algorithm of the OpenCV library and the image processing using the 'VVVV' that is implemented as a 'Node' in the midst of perceptual changes in image processing technology that are representative of object recognition, and the objective is to use a webcam to film, recognize, derive results that match the analysis and produce interactive content that is completed by the user participating. Research shows what Lego children have made, and children can create things themselves and develop creativity. Furthermore, we expect to be able to infer a diverse and individualistic person's thinking based on more data.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2019

Morphological analysis is used for searching sentences and understanding context. As most morpheme analysis methods are based on predefined dictionaries, the problem of a target word not being registered in the given morpheme dictionary, the so-called unregistered word problem, can be a major cause of reduced performance. The current practical solution of such unregistered word problem is to add them by hand-write into the given dictionary. This method is a limitation that restricts the scalability and expandability of dictionaries. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a novel method to automatically expand a dictionary by means of use-case analysis, which checks the validity of the unregistered word by exploring the use-cases through web crawling. The results show that the proposed method is a feasible one in terms of the accuracy of the validation process, the expandability of the dictionary and, after registration, the fast extraction time of morphemes.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

This paper presents a method for detection of an emergency signal expressed by arm gestures based on motion segmentation and face area detection in the surveillance system. The important indicators of emergency can be arm gestures and voice. We define an emergency signal as the 'Help Me' arm gestures in a rectangle around the face. The 'Help Me' arm gestures are detected by tracking changes in the direction of the horizontal motion vectors of left and right arms. The experimental results show that the proposed method successfully detects 'Help Me' emergency signal for a single person and distinguishes it from other similar arm gestures such as hand waving for 'Bye' and stretching. The proposed method can be used effectively in situations where people can't speak, and there is a language or voice disability.