• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.267-269
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• 2012

Traumatic brachial plexus injuries can be devastating, causing partial to total denervation of the muscles of the upper extremities. Surgical reconstruction can restore motor and/or sensory function following nerve injuries. Direct nerve-to-nerve transfers can provide a closer nerve source to the target muscle, thereby enhancing the quality and rate of recovery. Restoration of elbow flexion is the primary goal for patients with brachial plexus injuries. A 4-year-old right-hand-dominant male sustained a fracture of the left scapula in a car accident. He was treated conservatively. After the accident, he presented with motor weakness of the left upper extremity. Shoulder abduction was grade 3 and elbow flexor was grade 0. Hand function was intact. Nerve conduction studies and an electromyogram were performed, which revealed left lateral and posterior cord brachial plexopathy with axonotmesis. He was admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine and treated. However, marked neurological dysfunction in the left upper extremity was still observed. Six months after trauma, under general anesthesia with the patient in the supine position, the brachial plexus was explored through infraclavicular and supraclavicular incisions. Each terminal branch was confirmed by electrophysiology. Avulsion of the C5 roots and absence of usable stump proximally were confirmed intraoperatively. Under a microscope, neurotization from the musculocutaneous nerve to two medial pectoral nerves was performed with nylon 8-0. Physical treatment and electrostimulation started 2 weeks postoperatively. At a 3-month postoperative visit, evidence of reinnervation of the elbow flexors was observed. At his last follow-up, 2 years following trauma, the patient had recovered Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 4+ elbow flexors. We propose that neurotization from medial pectoral nerves to musculocutaneous nerve can be used successfully to restore elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus injuries.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

Recently, the usage of an exercising treadmill has increased in Korean homes. Along with increasing utilization of these machines, injuries relating to the inadvertent usage of the machine have gradually increased for the last several years. The purpose of this study is to identify the feature of this type of injury, thereby to help prevent and to raise an awareness of the potential injury. 25 patients who had been admitted to Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2002 through March 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Age, sex, place of injury, the area and the extent of injury, treatment and prognosis were analyzed for each case. All injuries involved in the children with an average age of 3.5 years. This new type of injury was at least a deep second-degree burn of the friction-burn type in all cases. Most of them primarily involved hands. Inattention of the guardian was the main cause of such injuries. 68% of the cases needed an operation such as a split-thickness skin graft or a full-thickness skin graft. In this study, authors reached a conclusion that such injuries may be prevented by an education of the potential risks of using a treadmill and by developing additional safety devices.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.269-273
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• 2007

Purpose: High-pressure injection(HPI) injury is an injury caused by accidental injection of substances by industrial equipment. HPI injury of the hand is a serious injury that can be potentially devastating. There have been a number of publications on the results of its treatment and its functional outcome of these hands. Unfortunately, the clinical outcomes were unsatisfactory following an initial treatment approach of digital expression of the injection material, elevation, soaks, dressing changes, and antibiotics. Methods: A 43-year-old right handed man sustained a high pressure injection injury to the tip of the left index finger. The injected material was industrial paint thinner. Tissue necrosis was noted at the pulp of the finger. Several debridements and irrigation were required. A pedicled chest flap transfer was performed on the eighteenth day after injury as the dorsal nail complex remained viable. This is a retrospective review of our experience with high-pressure finger injection injury caused by paint. A literature review, retrospective chart and radiologic review were presented. Results: Follow-up length was about 1 year. The injuried hand was left nondominant hand, the index. Patient complaints were cold intolerance, paresthesia, contact pain, and impairment of activities of daily living. Conclusion: The outcome of high-pressure injection injuries of the hand is affected by many factors. The time between injury and operative treatment has been regarded as a key determinant by a number of authors. The nature of the injected material is probably more important. It has been noted by many authors that injuries with paints have a worse outcome than those with oil or grease. This study confirms the fact that high-pressure injection injury caused by paint thinner to the hand is a significant problem. Virtually a patient suffers sequelae of this injury. The injury has significant repercussions for future function and reintegration into the work force.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.281-283
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• 2015

Extraction of an impacted third molar is one of the most frequently performed techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Surgeons can suffer numerous external injuries while extracting a tooth, with percutaneous injuries to the hand being the most commonly reported. In this article, we present a case involving a percutaneous injury of the surgeon's femoral region caused by breakage of the fissure bur connected to the handpiece during extraction of the third molar. We also propose precautions to prevent such injuries and steps to be undertaken when they occur.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.171-181
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• 1999

The half of njuries by carrying-unloading machinery was injuries due to crane. The purpose of this study was to analyze present condition of injuries by the crane, to investigate hazard management model, injury prevention technique, and to suggest safety countermeasures of crane working. The hazard management model is composed of 5 rules and 10 methods. The rules are to remove, separate, protect, make up and correspond. Prior to this crane countermeasures, general protection for head, foot and hand are needed. Hazard prevention affects on industrial management economically and psychologically. The preparation of safety countermeasures are very important for the prevention of industrial injuries, The countermeasures are setting-up of safety culture, active and rationale safety education. As the industrial safety and health system should be performed for the employees' health and life, the industrial competitive power and productivity would be improved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2006

Objectives : Although dairy farming ranks as the industry with the highest injury incidence rate, the information on the injuries is limited in Gyeonggi Province. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of farm accidents and injuries. Methods : The occurrence of accidents among dairy farmers due to work-related injuries were investigated from 2,799 dairy farms of Seoul Dairy Cooperative. Among 171 total accidents, the number of accidents for human was 108. In this study, the 108 human accidents were investigated. Results : The results of this study were as follows; First, the injury rate in dairy farming was 1.60%. Second, the highest injury in dairy farm was occurred in the spring and at 6~8 p.m. Third, a variety of injuries occurred when doing the milking. Fourth, cow, machinery and falls were among the most common causes. Fifth, the most common injuries was fracture (52.8%) and the most common body part of injuries were torso (25.9%), legs (22.2%) and hand (18.5%). Sixth, 45% of the accidents indicated the lost work time from 4 weeks to 3 months. Recommendations: With the results, it is recommended that practical control methods to prevent accidents in dairy farming, for instance, wearing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) or designing a moderate floor of works etc. be studied and developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.661-670
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of sports injury and trend of incidence pattern of national judo athletes. The research method was analyzed based on the records of all injuries experienced by national judo athletes during training and competition for 9 years from 2008 to 2016. A total of 20,345 sports injuries requiring physical therapy were 10,768 (52.93%) for women, 9,577 (47.07%) for men, lower extremities 9,688 (47.62%), upper limbs 5,807 (28.54%), and trunk 4,850 (23.84%) and knee-related injuries (27.82%) occur more frequently than other injuries. Shoulders, feet and back were more frequent in male athletes, and ankle, neck and hand injuries were more common in female athletes. Using the binomial trend line, the trend of the decrease of sports injuries in each area was shown. However, infrequent injuries such as hands and hips tend to increase gradually. The results of this study are expected to be used as a training program for judo athletes' sports injury and basic data.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical features, strength, function, and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The degree and frequency of upper extremity musculoskeletal pain were measured in persons with spinal cord injuries using manual wheelchairs with the use of questionnaires. The pain scores of the hand, wrist, and shoulder joints were calculated by multiplying the seriousness and frequency of pain. We collected data on the manual muscle test, Spinal Cord Independent Measure-III, and the Body Mass Index. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: A total of 47 patients participated in this study and the neurological level of the injuries ranged from C2 to S5. Pain in the shoulder joints was the most common in persons with tetraplegia and paraplegia. Pain was experienced as mild to moderate, and occurred one or more times a week. Of the 32 persons with paraplegia, the most common area of complaint was the shoulder. Of the 15 persons with paraplegia, the shoulder joints were the most common site of pain. The independence levels of the persons with spinal cord injuries were highly correlated to muscle strength levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study investigated upper extremity musculoskeletal pain during rehabilitation of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries and the relationship between physical features, strength, and function. In most persons with spinal cord injuries, pain and frequency of shoulder joints were high and pain levels were also related to functional levels.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

Pulse diagnosis that distinguishes internal injury from external injury by comparing the left and right of the chon pulse was formed in the process of Naegyoung's pulsation theory of ST9 and LU9 being assimilated into diagnostic method by taking chon pulse. The founder of school of internal injury, I Dong-won, expanded the horizon for this method to be widely used in clinical practice by especially explaining the specific application and theoretical background. According to him, pulse at ST9 which means chon pulse at the left hand, is bigger than the chon pulse at the right hand, it reflects external injury. Bigger "entrance pulse", a chon pulse at the right hand means internal injury. The reason is the left side of the body is a path for Yanggi so it controls the exterior part and the right side of the body is a path for Eumgi to descend so it controls the interior part. Internal injury develops as the spleen and stomach get injured. If the spleen and stomach is damaged essence derived from food cannot ascend to the stomach and will flow back to the lower part. As a result, fire of Eum type formed at the lower part will shoot up to the upper part and manifests external injury-like exterior syndromes. In this case, evidence distinguishing between internal and external injury is the fact that right hand pulse is bigger than the left hand. The important reason for distinguishing between internal and external injury is because when treating external injury caused by excess syndrome, pathogenic Gi should be dispelled. However, treating internal injury cased by deficiency syndrome, requires promoting the primordial Gi.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

Upper limb nerve damage is a common condition, and evidence suggests that functional recovery may be limited following peripheral nerve repair in cases of delayed reconstruction or reconstruction of long nerve defects. A 26-year-old man presented with traumatic injury from a wide, blunt wound of the right forearm caused by broken glass, with soft tissue loss, complete transection of the radial and ulnar arteries, and a large median nerve gap. The patient underwent debridement and subsequent surgery with a microsurgical free radial fasciocutaneous flap to provide a direct blood supply to the hand; the cephalic vein within the flap was employed as a venous vascularized chamber to wrap the sural nerve graft and to repair the wide gap (14 cm) in the median nerve. During the postoperative period, the patient followed an intensive rehabilitation program and was monitored for functional performance over 5 years of follow-up. Our assessment demonstrated skin tropism and sufficient muscle power to act against strong resistance (M5) in the muscles previously affected by paralysis, as well as a good localization of stimuli in the median nerve region and an imperfect recovery of two-point discrimination (S3+). We propose a novel and efficient procedure to repair >10-cm peripheral nerve gap injuries related to upper limb trauma.