• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

In this study, the change of critical elements of the design evaluation was investigated during two decades at the architectural competition which was held nationwide in Germany. Specifically, the periods of investigation span both from July 1989 to June 1990 and from July 2009 to June 2010. The results of the analysis show that the cost of construction, the maintenance cost, the design of facade and the energy conservation are being magnified for the new important elements. The images of buildings and the economic aspects are meant to be high. The frequency of the critical elements for interior spaces is approximately two times more important than those for the forms and outdoor spaces. Overall, many juries of the architectural competition in Germany were interested in the elements for interior spaces. The field of function accounts for roughly the half of four basic architectural fields such as function, others, aesthetic and construction fields. The critical elements are required persistently such as context, Circulation, organization of space, form, landscape and outdoor space design, arrangement of building, cost of construction, function, design of facade, location of main entrance. These items are regarded as the most important elements of the design evaluation at the competition. Knowing the change of critical elements of the design evaluation, we can understand the trend of architecture in Germany. The results of this study can be applied in Korea to develop the critical elements of design.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.486-492
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• 2006

In this research, IAQ is measured to evaluate the emission performance of VOCs in three new apartment houses finished by totally EFMs (Environmental Friendly Material), partially installed EFMs and general materials. Among various VOCs, Target pollutants for the IAQ measurement are benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and formaldehyde. The measurement is conducted one day after each interior finishing material is worked over by construction schedule. The result of this research concluded that (1) Except toluene, the concentration levels of each pollutant did not exceed the national IAQ standards in all test residences, (2) As the interior finishing work schedule, A toluene level peaked when the furniture installing was ended. (3) The toluene concentration level of the house installed general interior materials as the non-EFMs furniture was one and half higher than other houses. Consequently, installing. the furniture made by EFMs is one of effective methods to improve the IAQ for new apartment houses.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.142-153
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• 2013

Objectives : Examined the editing system and the characteristics of "Clinical Formula Science of Korean Medicine" to establish a basis for compilation system of the common formula science textbook for colleges of Korean medicine nationwide. Methods : Comprehended the "Clinical Formula Science of Korean Medicine" published by professor Hyeongok(1911-1987) in 1985 and analyzed its configuration system. Results : "Clinical Formula Science of Korean Medicine" has made it possible to understand the formula systematically by establishing and classifying 24 kinds of treatment method [the three treatment methods of cold-dampness, dryness-heat and interior deficiency and its subdivision, 19 kinds of treatment method (stomach, phlegm, eum, yang, spirit, essence, ki, blood, blood stasis, exterior, interior, half-exterior half-interior, water, wind, cold, heat, dampness) combined with reducing and vomiting] and main formula. These can be considered as professor Hyeongok's own method of classification, which is distinctive from the existing formula science system. Also, it suggests that a Korean medicine doctor should not use a biased formula science that is limited to some schools but apply the formula widely and synthetically because it is believed to pursue perfection in cure if the main formulas related to a physical disorder, pregnancy and childbirth, invigorating and purging five viscera, and Four-Constitution Medicine are added. Conclusions : "Clinical Formula Science of Korean Medicine" is seen as a formula science book which is to be consulted when compiling a common formula science textbook for colleges of Korean medicine by forming a Korean formula science system that is distinctive from that of China.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current states of interior design as a major at vocational high schools and to suggest ways in which it can be improved. Three hundred and four students and twelve teachers of two vocational high schools comprised the sample population for this study. Data was collected using two methods, questionnaires and interviews. Frequency distribution, mean, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: The student respondents were more interested in studying residential design, furniture design and making, drafting and perspective drawing than other areas of study. Most teachers had difficulties teaching the subject of residential design because they were not well educated with this area. Surprisingly most students hoped to extend their education to a university or college after graduation, not to enter the workforce. According to teachers'responses, almost ninety percentage of students entered university or college. And more than two thirds of the students desired to study an interior design related major at the university level. Among graduates having jobs, half of them were working in interior design fields. If the students had to choose their jobs, they would work in interior design fields. The variables differentiating several related careers after graduation were school, grade, and sex. The students viewed interior design, interior coordination, and CAD related work as fields likely to enter upon graduating from vocational high schools; however, teachers viewed furniture making, interior accessorizing, and home fashion as fields more appropriate to the students'level of training. The teacher respondents criticized the textbooks in four categories; suitability with the students'level was average or below average; students'interest level and students'understanding level were average or above average; and whether the book was easy or difficult to be utilized for the purposes of teaching was also average or above average. The criticism was a little diverse depending on each book or each chapter. The teachers pointed out several problems using those books, such as insufficient examples or explanation, lack of coherence between some chapters, and an incompatibility with the allotted time frame in class. The merits of the textbooks varied such as a well organized structure, ability to generate students'interest. This study revealed that the strategy for improving the interior design major at vocational high schools should invoke, 1) dividing students into two groups-one to enter a university; the other to have jobs after graduation to focus their interests. 2) improving textbooks more appropriate to the students. 3) providing present teachers the opportunities for in-service training and hiring new teachers with credentials more suitable to educate students who desire to be interior designers.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose an curriculum for architectural studio in university to implement BIM process, through the analysis of the advantages of the BIM tool. The limitation of this study was to analyze the case study of only half year a single university. University education in the design process, the design that can be used in applying BIM content should be universal, university education considering the special working conditions, excessive BIM-based application can be difficult. Therefore, a systematic and reliable design that can be applied to education applies BIM design process is necessary to establish. University education applying BIM design review and design proposal the various 3D visualization can be used effectively to determine. In addition, the planned representation for thinking about and drawing 3D model building, architectural space can be used for visualization, and other subjects in conjunction with structural analysis, environmental analysis, facility layout, etc. can be used.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.203-208
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• 2002

In order to reduce the booming noise caused by first bending mode of a drive shaft, this paper proposes a simulation program for prediction of the bending mode frequency of any tubular shaft. This program consists of a pre-processor for modeling of geometrical shape of the drive shaft with boundary conditions of various joints, a processor for constructing of global finite element matrices using beam elements and an eigen-solver based on MATLAB program. Using this simulation program, the effective and accurate FE model far a shaft attached to vehicle can be obtained by aid of database for stiffness of each joint. Thus the resonance frequencies and mode shapes of a shaft can be calculated accurately. Because the effect of the resonance on interior noise can be verified, more improved shaft will be proposed at the early stage of design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

In the latter half of the 20th century, the rapid change into the information society changes the concept of workplace. Especially the new types of office space are appearing to accept interaction and flexibility, which are the representative features of the information society. Therefore, this study is to suggest the appropriate office environment in the information society shifting from the territorial to the virtual, after analyzing the characteristics of space and design method for the Chiat/Day advertising agency in New York (1995) that was designed by Gaetano Pesce. As a result, in terms of the constitution and the arrangement of space, the non-territorial and the virtual features appear, and in terms of the analysis of design elements, in which various semantic connotations are used, horizontal, pluralistic, and fluid features appear. This kind of analysis would be helpful in finding new alternatives for the rapidly changing office environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.2
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• pp.46-53
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• 1994

The Soubise Mansin which construction ended in the latter half of 1730s has several rooms which symbolize Rococo which appeared in the 18 century. The work of the Soubis Mansion done by an architect, Boffrand , is a significant work in which he had introduced a new style of building , Rococo, based on a style of Regency, thereby showing a big leaf in that kind of art. In other words, with the elements already established in the days of Regency-white wood panel, gold molding, mirror technique, etc. -and the characteristics of unprecedent, outstanding spatial forms and Rococo decoration introduced. Rococo had enjoyed its peak of full flourish within the moderation of being never excessively magnificent, beautiful, and dignified. It is a remarkable thing that a model of such perfect ideal beauty was suggested even in the begining state of Rococo and it is deemed that such a point resulted in such influence on other places like the Versalilles Palace, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the behavior of high-strength RC wide beam-column joints with slab subjected to reversed cyclic loads under constant axial load. Six half scale interior wide beam-column assemblies representing a portion of a frame subjected to simulated seismic loading were tested, including three specimens without slab and three specimens with slab. The primary variables were compressive strength of concrete($f_ck$=285, 460kgf/$cm^2$), the ratio of the column-to-beam flexural capacity($M_r$=$\Sigma M_c / \Sigma M_b$ ; 0.77 -2.26), extended length of the column concrete($l_d$ ; 0, 12.5, 30cm), ratio of the column-to-beam width(b/H ; 1.54, 1.67). Test results are shown that (1) the behavior of specimen using high-strength concrete satisfied for required minimum ductile capacity according to increase the compressive strength, (2) the current design code and practice for interior joints(type 2) are apply to the wide beam-high strength concrete column.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

Contemporary architecture in Japan is entering an entirely new phase in the second half of the 1980s. In the late 1960s, doubts began to be expressed about Modernism, which until then had been the recognized mainstream of architecture. There was much discussion, but it was only in the early '80s that an active debate was initiated concerning Post-Modernism. Today, however, matters have gone beyond this, and the situation appears particularly significant. The Japanese architecture world was hitherto understand to be fundamentally very different from its western counterparts. There are several trends in current Japanese architecture which have still come out of the Japanese tradition of life, culture, region, climate itself. At the same time, stance of contemporary Japanese architecture start from a common basis in world's design stream which can be called Post-Modernism, Deconstructivism, Neo-Modernism. This study is aimed at analysis of 'Regional Characteristics' in Contemporary Japanese Architecture.