• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of winter forage rye and green manure hairy vetch on soil mineral nitrogen and corn nitrogen uptake. Soil nitrate at corn seeding decreased slightly with cultivation of winter rye, but soil nitrate did not decreased by cultivation of winter hairy vetch. Soil nitrate nitrogen increased 60~70 kgN/ha higher by hairy vetch green manure than winter rye and fallow at 6-leaf and harvest stage of corn, respectively, and much soil nitrate nitrogen such as 85, 125 kgN/ha was remained at N fertilizer 100, 200 kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure at harvesting time, respectively. Corn yield was not different among treatments of winter crop and N rate, but nitrogen concentration of corn stover increased by hairy vetch green manure. Increase of total corn nitrogen uptake by hairy vetch green manure was 50~60 kgN/ha compared with winter rye and fallow. It is thought that basal fertilizer nitrogen 100 kgN/ha could be reduced by hairy vetch green manure in considering soil nitrate and nitrogen uptake at harvesting time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.531-540
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• 2016

The adoption of legume cover crops in no-tillage system can contribute to improve soil fertility by providing several benefits, including reduction in soil erosion, suppression of weed growth and N supply to subsequent crops. We conducted a field study to investigate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization rates on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of waxy corn (Zea mays L.) in no-tillage upland field. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnuturn L.) were mechanically terminated with roller in early June. For each cover crop treatment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at three different rates (145, 72.5 and $0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$). The growth and yield characteristics of corn were significantly affected by the N fertilization rates in crimson clover plots, which suggest N mineralization from the cover crop residue was not sufficient. In contrast, N fertilization rates had no significant effect on growth and yield of corn in hairy vetch plots, indicating that the amount of N released from the cover crop is large enough to meet most of the N requirement of corn. However, the application of N fertilizer in hairy vetch cover plots resulted in slight increase of crop yield, though not statically significant, and high levels of N concentration in corn plant tissue possibly due to luxury consumption of N. Organic residues on the soil surface in hairy vetch cover plots had substantial amounts of N after harvest, ranging from 100 to $116kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, which is presumably retained during winter season and released by microbial mineralization in subsequent year. The highest nitrogen yield efficiency was achieved in the plot with hairy vetch cover and no N fertilizer application, followed by the plot with hairy vetch cover and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization rate. In conclusion, hairy vetch showed better performance in corn productivity as compared with crimson clover. In addition, it was concluded that the application of N fertilizer between 0 and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with hairy vetch cover crop might be most efficient for corn yield under no-tillage system with climatic and soil characteristics similar to those of the experimental site.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

The effect of hairy vetch sod culture on reduction of soil loss and providing of nitrogen was investigated for the fields of Chinese cabbage in Hoenggye-Ri, Pyeongchang-Gun Gangwon-Do (780 m above sea level) from 2002 to 2003. Hairy vetch was sowed at just before planting, 15, 30 and 40 days after planting and right after harvest of Chinese cabbage. Hairy vetch was sod-cultivated with Chinese cabbage. The amount of sowing was $40kg\;10a^{-1}$. In this experiment, proper sowing times that had no influence on the yield of Chinese cabbage were 30 and 40 days after planting while other sowing times led to decrease the yield. In case of the former, there was 74% reduction effect of soil loss compared with no-hairy vetch because of covering the fields with hairy vetch right after harvest. Moreover, when the hairy vetch was put into the soil before planting of Chinese cabbage in the next year, it showed 61-79% substitution effect of standard application rate ($320kg\;ha^{-1}$, chemical fertilizer) for nitrogen fertilizer. It is suggested that using hairy vetch as cover crop would be useful in conservation of soil loss and reduction input of agricultural materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.562-573
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• 2017

Some symbiotic characteristics of native Korean Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were analysed to get some informations desirable for cultivation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) using its symbiont in Korea. The size of indigenous populations of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae was higher in seven upland soils showing $1.7{\times}10^2{\sim}5.8{\times}10^4cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$, which appeared to be 10% and 37% higher for cultivated and uncultivated soils of hairy vetch, respectively, than seven paddy soils with $1.7{\times}10^2{\sim}1.7{\times}10^4cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$. In symbiotic potentials, however, the yields of hairy vetch treated with 10-fold-diluted ($10^{-1}$) inoculum and 1000-fold-diluted ($10^{-3}$) one was 11.2% and 8.8% more, respectively, in paddy than upland. Hairy vetch inoculated with either strain KHR 106 from Sacheon or strain KHR 120 from Yesan among native Korean R. leguminosarum biovar viciae isolates was of similar yield increment of 16% (p < 0.05) in upland soils with native R. leguminosarum biovar viciae of $5.8{\times}10cells\;g{\cdot}soil^{-1}$. In case of coinoculation of the two strains, however, the yields was not significantly increased. In especial, isolate KHR 106, KHR 120, and KHR 122 from Suwon, which has also good symbiotic effectiveness, showed different protein profile patterns each other. As a result, hairy vetch is possibly able to use atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationship with diverse native R. leguminosarum biovar viciae in Korean arable lands. For safe and good production of hairy, however, the use of superior strains with high symbiotic effectiveness and competitiveness will be desirable.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2006

This research carried out to investigate the effects of application of hairy vetch instead of duck-releasing in a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation. The results are as followed; Cultivation of hairy vetch, a green manure crop, for the winter season seemed to be a possible natural fertilizer to supply crop mineral nutrients. Application of hairy vetch residues improved physical properties of soil and was possible to assure better productivity of agricultural products. Introduction of hairy vetch into a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation reduced the pollution of agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.357-371
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• 2017

In this study we evaluated the availability of hairy vetch in citrus (Citrus unshiu Marc.) orchards of volcanic ash soils. The responses to increasing seeding rates and various growing conditions such as altitude, accumulated temperature, and soil chemical properties etc, were analyzed by means of the seedling establishment rate, weed occurrence ratio, and shoot biomass yield of hairy vetch. Field experiments were conducted at five citrus orchards by altitude from Sep. 2015 to Apr. 2016 in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Hairy vetch used in the study was 'Cheongpyungbora', developed by National Institute of Crop Science. Seeding rates of hairy vetch consisted of 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Results showed that the seedling establishment rates of hairy vetch were quite similar regardless of seeding rates in all fields and weed occurrence ratio at 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates were 11.8, 3.8, and 5.1% (dry wt.), respectively. Both 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates, the weed occurrences were decreased by 96.2% and 94.9%. The nitrogen production of hairy vetch at 30, 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates were 254, 316, and $315kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively. Both 60 and $90kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rates, The nitrogen production were increased by 24%, compared to $30kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ of seeding rate. In these results we were considered that the cost-efficient seeding rate of vetch was $60kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in citrus orchards. Also, this study showed that the shoot biomass of hairy vetch and various cultivative factors were related and The nitrogen production of hairy vetch had a little bit of positive correlation (R=0.2714) with accumulated temperature and considerable correlations with some items (EC ($R=0.4520^{**}$) and exchangeable K ($R=0.4078^{**}$)) of soil chemical properties. Therefore, we were considered that hairy vetch can be used as a leguminous cover crop in citrus orchards, the calculation formula (Y=4.4097X + 33.594 (R=0.9547)) can be suggested for nitrogen yield of hairy vetch by using the shoot fresh weight (X).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth promoting activity of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) on reclaimed land. At the previous research, Rhizobium sp. RH84 was isolated and selected for further study from hairy vetch. For the investigation of plant growth promoting effects by the Rhizobium sp. RH84, production of indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation were tested and other characters were examined. As results, RH84 produced $9.03{\mu}g$ IAA per mL and showed nitrogen fixation activity. With the treatment of Rhizobium sp. RH84 to hairy vetch showed good growth at 0.3% salty reclaimed soil, and the production yield was increased up to 56% at field test. From these results, it was confirmed that the Rhizobium sp. RH84 would be used as a green manure for hairy vetch under the salty condition of reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.703-709
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• 2011

This study was conducted at Korea's typical soil, loamy soil, to figure out the effect of how barley green manure (B), hairy vetch (HV) and the mixed-planting hairy vetch with barley green manure (HV/B) affecting on the yield of rice, usage of nutrient and soil characteristics. Supplying amount of nitrogen from HV, HV/B and B were 172.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 64.3 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 38.6 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Hairy vetch had the highest plant height and SPAD of rice and next was hairy vetch/barley, chemical fertilizer (CF), none fertilizer (NF), and green manure barley. The amount of rice yield was 5.51 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV, and 4.24 ton $ha^{-1}$ with HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil showed lower pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B plot rather than that of chemical fertilizer (CF) plot. However, the physical characteristics of soil and the porosity rate showed better tendency at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF, otherwise field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate nutrition management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be devastated or accumulated.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.397-404
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• 2011

This experiment was performed to study growth and yield of rice (cv. Dongjinbyeo) and soil properties affected by the application of rice straw, compost, and hairy vetch. An application of rice straw and compost led to the decrease in plant heights and tillers compared with chemical fertilizer whereas hairy vetch application resulted in slight increase. Panicle no per plant was the highest in chemical fertilizer and there was no difference among organic matters. Grain per panicle was no difference among chemical fertilizer, rice straw, and compost whereas was the lowest in hairy vetch application. The 1,000 grain weights did not show any statistic difference and the ripened rate was enhanced in all treatments of organic sources compared with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, an index of rice yield of compost, rice straw, and hairy vetch to chemical fertilizer (100%) was 77, 72, and 103%, respectively. In addition, an application of organic sources led to the increase of soil pore space and this contributed to the improvement of soil physical property.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth inhibition of weeds and selectivity of crop species by hairy vetch residues. The growth of all the weed species was suppressed greater than 90% at the ratio 60 : 40 of hairy vetch residues and no weeds were emerged at 90 : 10 mixture in the greenhouse. It was noticed that broadleaf weed species were more suppressed compared to grass weed species. Growth of weeds was significantly reduced and the inhibition percent was increased with increasing application depths of hairy vetch mixture both in vinylhouse and in field conditions. Among the different application depths of hairy vetch mixture, 0.75 cm depth of application tended to inhibit more, but statistically no significant difference was observed between 0.5 cm and 0.75 cm application depth. The growth of weed species such as Galium spurium, Chenopodium album, Plantago asiatica, and Rumex japonicus was greatly suppressed in the vinylhouse and the growth of G. spurium, R. japonicus and Amaranthus retroflexus was suppressed significantly in the field condition. The growth inhibition of all the above mentioned sensitive weed species was approximately 80% at the application depth of 0.5 cm. Crop growth was not hampered by using the residues of hairy vetch. This study demonstrated that rotation crop residues of hairy vetch contained high allelopathic potential to different weed species without hampering the growth of crop species.