• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2007

This research is the hair damage as treating a perm before and after that is compared the change of surface characteristics of human hair. On the basis of this, we would to show a basic data for hair damage prevention and hair improvement to keep the beautiful and healthy hair. Results are as follows; For the change of formational characteristics of hair surface, untreated hair before the perm treatment had smooth appearance overall and undamaged scale that is in pattern and finely folded was observed but damaged hair and extremely hair had uneven edge and damages throughout along with the dissolution of scale which the border of epidermal gap is unclear. Hair after a perm treatment caused cortical exposures due to extensive loss of scale during the treatment and even bubble effect. Protein perm, regular perm, soft perm, and direct heating perm, in that order, had the most damages to the hair.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2020

본 연구는 신생아 두피 모발의 기저부에서부터 말단부위까지의 외부형태와 모발 가로 직경 대비 모발 표면에 노출된 비늘의 장축 직경 비율을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 신생아 모발은 두피에 인접한 부위에서 부터 모발의 끝부분으로 갈수록 완만하게 가늘어지는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 모발의 두께가 커질수록 노출된 비늘의 장축 직경 비율은 상대적으로 작아지는 것으로 확인되었지만 모발 표면의 노출된 비늘 장축 직경은 모발의 굵기에 관계없이 비슷한 길이로 나타났다. 결론적으로 가는 모발이나 굵은 모발 표면에 노출된 비늘의 장축 직경은 크게 변화하지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2007

The results of study for colorless hair manicure, which is well known for its useful point and supplement damaged hair glossy, luster, elastic and soft one are as follows. Hair protection effect by the management time of colorless hair manicure products, as below. When it comes to dyed hair group's hair surface condition. both level 3 and level 6 hairs cuticle changed to be irregular. And lose of cuticle has been observed with a fact that the space between cuticles are not clear. In case of manicuring, manicuring 2 weeks after dyeing is better complemented surface damage than manicuring right after dyeing. So, in case of making cuticle morphologic of good hair quality in manicuring dyed hair, it's more effective to manicure right after dyeing to both level 3 and level 6 hair.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

정상성인 여성의 머리카락에 미용실에서 일반적으로 시술하는 탈색제를 사용한 다음 탈색직후, 탈색 후 10일, 20일이 경과한 머리카락을 채취하여 머리카락의 손상정도를 고배율의 투과 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 탈색직후 머리카락의 표면은 정상 머리카락과 비슷한 상태로 관찰되었으며 비늘이 분리되거나 손상됨 없이 나타났다. 탈색 후 10일 경과된 머리카락은 비늘이 분리되어 있고 일부 큐티클세포의 세포질은 조각이 나 있거나 떨어져 나갔다. 이 시기에 머리카락은 비늘이 떨어져 나가면서 표면에 세포부스러기들이 그대로 부착되어 있고, 비늘의 모양은 끝 쪽이 날카로운 모양을 하고 있었다. 탈색 후 20일이 경과된 머리카락은 표면 전체가 비늘의 분리에 의해서 거칠게 나타났다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

The physico-chemical characteristics by bleaching treatments were assessed by several instrumental analyses such as surface morphology, chemical structural change, color change as well as tensile strength. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through scanning electron microscope(SEM). The observation of the fine structure on hair surface by SEM showed the bleached hair had much damaged to hair cuticle, and some of cuticle surface were worn away. To investigate the chemical structural changes in hair keratin, the cross-sections of hair samples were directly analysed using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy(FT-IRM). The results showed the cysteic acid S=O band intensity was distinctively increased by performing the bleaching treatment. The cleavage of cystine was appeared to proceed primarily through the sulfur-sulfur (-S-S-) fission whereby cysteic acid was formed as a principal oxidation products. The distribution of amide I band in hair keratin was determined by attenuated total reflectance(ATR) FT-IR mapping image. The results showed that the outer side of hair cortex was more damaged than the inner side of the hair cortex. Also, during chemical bleaching of the hair with alkaline peroxide, the hair was turned to reddish yellow due to the oxidative degradation of eumelanin. This means the eumelanin is more unstable than pheomelanin in chemical oxidation. With bleaching, the tensile strength was also reduced as a results of the chemical oxidation.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.94-105
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• 2006

Hair bleaching is a treatment process in which the melanic pigment is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. With the increase of the number of treatments, $1{\sim}10$ levels of various colors develop, the hair luster diminishes, and the appearance becomes very rough. In this study, by changing the number of hair bleaching and bleaching conditions, the changes in the degree of hair damage and its process were observed through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The color changes were also compared through the use of spectrophotometer. In order to study the physical changes of the bleached hairs and to search for the optimum conditions to keep the hair damages minimum during bleaching, tensile properties were measured and reviewed. By increasing the number of hair bleaching and by the severe conditions, the scales became eroded and the protection layers were decreased, and the oxidation reached the inner sectors resulting in rough surface and fibrillation. The surface of the hairs became bright yellowish and transparent by the bleaching of melanic pigments or by the destruction of pigments. With the increase of bleaching degree, in terms of physical changes, the breaking strength decreased while the elongation increased a little.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

Hair manicure is usually and widely operated in the area of hair-dyeing by the reason that acidic hair color is less damaged and more stable than other chemical color treatment. However, there is no an in-depth study to prove them. This study purposes to provide basic resources for effectively using products of hair manicure by experiments on Physical Properties of Hair. Hair of one healthy woman in mid-20's, Level 4, was sampled for experiments. For the tests, hair samples were classified by the frequency of hair manicure treatment The control group(a), once treatment(b), twice(c), three times(d), four times(e) and five times(f). The results were measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Tensile Strength and Elongation test. The lower Values of Tensile Strength according to repeated hair manicure treatment. Elongation is not affected by the frequency of hair manicure treatment. There was no remarkable change of hair surface in once(b) and twice(c) treatment. The change of hair surface which was able to judge by cuticle layers looseness, tunics and the transformation of cuticle cell were observed in the hair samples operating more than three times(d) of hair manicure treatment.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

People are always pursuing the aesthetic feeling relentlessly. But some people have such problems with their hairs like alopecia, cancer chemotherapy, burns, and scalp injury. So the synthetic hair has played a very important role to make up for these deficiencies. But long term use can lead to adverse reactions or uncomfortable feeling. This is primarily caused by its properties differ with human hair. In particular, nanotribological characterizations (roughness, friction force and adhesive force) of synthetic hair surface are dissatisfy with the needs of normal hairs. This paper presents the experiments on nanotribological characterizations measurements of human hairs (coloring hair, permed hair and common hair) in shampooing condition or without shampooing condition. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to find out a range of synthetic hair nanotribological characterizations which can correspond with natural hair. The measurements of nanotribological characterizations focus on surface roughness, friction force and adhesive force, and a new design of AFM probe was used for measuring the nanotribological characterizations.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

모발표면에는 독특한 형태의 지방산이 있다. 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA)는 모발 큐티클의 최외각 층에 공유결합된 특이한 ante-iso 형태의 지방산이다. 18-MEA 층은 CMC의 ${\beta}$-층 위에 위치하면서 모발의 외부 표면에 표면에너지와 마찰저항 을 낮춰준다. 18-MEA 분자의 높은 유동성은 계면 전단력을 감소시켜 외부로부터 전달되는 지질들이 쉽게 퍼지도록 한다. 본 연구에서는 C10 - 40 isoalkyl acid의 말단에 관능기로 N-hydroxyl succinimidyl ester를 도입하여 모발 표면의 공유결합 지방산 층을 회복시켜보고 자 하였다. 모발 표면의 재 소수화를 확인하기 위하여 접촉각을 측정하였다. 서로 다른 습도 조건(40, 55, 70 %RH)에서 모발의 내부 수 분 함유량은 전자 수분 분석기를 이용하여 실시하였다. Hydroxysuccinimidyl C10 - 40 Isoalkyl Acidate (HCIA)로 처리한 모발의 표면은 큐티클을 접착하는 것과 같이 지방산 단분자층이 공유결합을 형성하여 큐티클의 균열을 채워줌으로써 매끄럽고 균일할 것으로 생각되었다. 이러한 접착 효과는 atomic force microscope (AFM) 영상의 라인 프로필(line profile)을 통해서 확인되었다. 따라서 모발 내부 구 성 물질과 수분이 쉽게 용출되지 않고, 외기의 습도가 변하는 경우에도 최적의 모발 습도가 항상 유지된다. AFM을 사용한 lateral force microscopy (LFM) 결과에 따르면 HCIA를 처리한 모발 표면의 마찰력이 감소되었고, 이에 대해 15회 샴푸 과정을 수행한 이후에도 동일한 마찰력 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.494-512
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• 2022

Hair toners containing polyphenol or Vitamin B5 were investigated according to their recovering effects on hair damaged by bleaching. Surface morphology, CIE L*a*b* values, and tensile properties of hair were measured. The amount of protein leaking from hair was investigated using the Bradford protein assay. The amino acid composition of hair was examined using the HPLC instrument. Hair became severely damaged after bleaching, showing cuticle structure with surface melt down and rolled up tip, a decrease in tensile strength, an increase in protein leak, and an increase in the proportion of cysteic acid. When bleached hair was treated with the two types of hair toner, positive effects were seen in the recovery of cuticle structure and retention of bleached color, an increase in tensile strength, a decrease in protein leak up to certain days, and an increase in the retention of protein examined by the HPLC analysis of amino acids. Hair treated with B5 toner showed better effects on the increase of tensile strength compared to the hair treated with PP toner. Hair treated with PP toner showed better retention of color, less protein leak, and a lower proportion of cysteic acid compared to the hair treated with B5 toner.