• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2017

As the substitute of synthetic coloring materials for hair dyeing, we selected some natural ones of three primary colors such as sappan wood, logwood(red), gardenia blue(blue) and amur cork tree(yellow). Mixed colorants and metallic mordanting technique were used to widen the color space of dyed samples. In view of similarity in morphological and chemical structure, wool was adopted as the reference material for human hair to evaluate the color properties of hair dyeing. The color properties of the dyed samples were evaluated by using CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ and Munsell color systems. The addition of an alum or ferrous mordants was effective to expand the color space of hair and to increase the colorfastness to washing and light more than the rating of 1. Displaying the dyed samples by using Munsell color system, better linearity of hue values between the dyed samples of wool and human hair was shown when alum mordant was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of safflower yellow colorant as a natural dye for hair coloring. The dyeing properties of safflower yellow colorant on hair were explored to obtain optimum conditions. Also, the effect of mordant was studied in terms of dye uptake, colorfastness, and hair damage to better understand the characteristics of the colorant. Tensile strength measurement and SEM analysis were carried out for investigating hair damage to light exposure and washing. On the basis of obtained results considering possible hair damage, optimum dyeing conditions were set 100%(o.w.h.) colorant concentration, pH 5, $40^{\circ}C$, and 20min. Dye uptake was improved more effectively by repeated dyeing rather than by increasing concentration. Pre-mordanting method improved dye uptake slightly, irrespective of mordant type. The safflower yellow colorant produced Y colors on hair. Cu and Fe mordants improved washing and light fastness slightly. Better strength retention was obtained with the mordanted-dyed hair than the unmordanted-dyed hair after light irradiation for 40 hours and 10 repeated washing. The hair was more damaged by light exposure than by washing. It was concluded that the safflower yellow colorant can be used as a natural semi-permanent hair dye producing Y color without mordanting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hair dyeing and changes of hair quality by the application of indigo dye. Methods: Indigo dye was used after water bath. After application of the dye to healthy and bleached hair samples, they were treated with heat and remained naturally by different times. Each sample was measured before and after the application and compared for the analysis. To investigate the effects of dyeing, L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values and bleaching degree were measured using by color-difference meter. To understand the changes of hair quality, absorbance and gloss were measured using by tensile strength and methylene blue. Results: Upon the results of dyeing, all the samples showed the significant dyeing effects before and after the application in terms of L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values. With respect to the bleaching effects, it showed the greatest change on Day 1 and did not show any changes from Day 3. For the measurement of tensile strength, mean values of all the samples were increased. However, the results were not significant, statistically, demonstrating no change of hair quality. No statistically significant results were found in the samples except healthy 7L(3) sample upon the absorbance results using methylene blue. Gloss of samples was changed upon the statistical analysis results. Conclusion: Indigo dye showed the hair dyeing effects, significantly, while gloss was changed and tensile strength and absorbance were not changed in terms of hair quality. Further studies are required on the processing with a variety of dyes and on the measurements for reliability and objectivity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2007

This study intends to find out possible variations in physical properties and color of hair depending on dye type(acidic and alkalic) and permanent treatment/hair dyeing procedure. To meet the goals, healthy hair samples were taken from 5 women's hair speciment in 20's without experiencing in any harmful substance via long-term medications. and beauty care using chemicals. To get possible findings depending upon hair dye type and treatment procedure, both acidic and alkalic hair dye were applied on some specimens after permanent treatment, while on other specimens before permanent treatment. In order to determine scale damage, this study used SEM(Hitachi S-2500C) both hair thickness and tensile strength were measured with optical microscope(Nikon, MM-60/L3T) and Instron (4482-standard). Wave configuration was measured transverse and longitudinal round diameter. The chromaticity of each specimen was measured using a spectrocolorimeter(Color Techno System, JP/JX-777) with visual $C/2^{\circ}$ (at $2^{\circ}$ with C light source) monitor fixed to determine Lab and CMYK values. As a result, it was found that hair specimens were more significantly damaged with alkalic hair dye treatment than with acidic hair dye treatment, while hair specimens were more effectively dyed with the former hair dye type than with the latter one. For possible results depending on treatment procedure, it was found that hair specimens were less damaged but more effectively dyed with permanent treatment followed by hair dyeing than vice versa. Therefore, it was concluded that permanent treatment followed by acidic hair dyeing would be more effective in reducing hair damages.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to recognize college students' thinking way for hair fashion. The tendency of hair style, hair dyeing and hair administration was examined with college students in Seoul, some cities and towns. Research analyzed and compared the result according to the distinction of sex, age and area. The questionnaire was asked to 257 boy students and 328 girl students. The result in this research is as following. 1. It was shown that our country college students were satisfied with their hair style on the whole. Especially, college students in Seoul appeared more satisfied tendency than other city or town. Seoul's college students preferred hair style of short haircut. Wide area city or small town's college students preferred long hair style. The degree of satisfaction about beauty salon service of Seoul city's college students is higher than that of wide area city or small town's college students. The reasons that they want to go to the beauty salon they used to are distance for boy students and excellent technology for girl students. Boy students change hair style regularly, but girl students change it when need to change their mood. 2. In our country, most college students had experienced that they had their hair dyed. More senior students had their hair dyed than junior students. Hair color that most like was nature brown. Seoul college students liked gold color. Seoul college students are more satisfied than wide area city or small town's college students after hair dyeing. Girl students thought that hair dyeing made their hair style excellent. 4. Girl students responded that their hair was much damaged. College students in Seoul had healthy hair. Girl students selected 「beauty art surgical operation」 for cause of hair damage, and boy student had the various causes of hair damage. College students in Seoul had much hair damage than students in any other area. Most were using shampoo, and girl students used much shampoo than boy students. Girl students selected shampoo according to their hair state, Seoul's college students had their hair washed with shampoo more frequently than other students. Girl students were getting more hair administration information with various form than boy students. Girl students used Hair Clinic for hair administration, but boy students never did it.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

In this work, the post-treatment using organic acids during hair dyeing process was used to maintain hair color and to decrease hair damage. The effect of post-treatment using succinic acid and tartaric acid during hair dyeing process with cherry red and blue silver color on the persistence of hair color, tensile strength of hair, hair porosity, and surface characteristics of hair was investigated. After the repeated shampooing process, the experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could more efficiently maintain the hair color than control group. The experimental group with succinic acid and tartaric acid could also increase the tensile strength of hair, decrease the hair porosity, and smoothen the hair surface, compared with control group. Particularly, tartaric acid was able to maintain the color of the dyed hair and protect the hair with higher efficiency than succinic acid.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.289-295
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• 2020

As the importance of the beauty to pursue beauty comes to the fore, the market size of hairdressing industry including hair dyeing is getting bigger. In case of continuously applying an oxidative dyeing agent commonly used in hair salons, as hair damage is inevitable, we investigated morphological changes of hair treated with a neutral oxidative dyeing agent. In the experiment results, Between the control and the 6N-7N experimental groups, there was a significant difference in Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress, Break elongation, and strain section. There were the highest values in Max. load, Max. stress, Max. elongation, Break load, Break stress and Break elongation in the control group, and there was no tendency to decrease significantly according to the treatment of the experimental group. Max. modulus and Tangential modulus according to the strain evaluation section did not show a tendency to increase or decrease constantly, although there was a difference between the control and experimental groups. This study attempts to provide basic data for the development of oxidative dyeing agent that minimizes hair damage and to establish the foundation for understanding the correlation between hair designers' oxidative dyeing agent and hair health.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2004

The various colors are used in our whole life as much as the modern society is called "the age of colors". The colors in the hair style express the individual taste, personality and the psychological condition, and play an important role as a visual language. The western people, who has thought that the blonde hair is a symbol of beautiful woman from the ancient times, has tried to get the blonde hair continuously even though they had not the technique of hair dyeing. On the other hand, the korean people whose hair color is usually dark brown or black, enjoy a various hair color due to the development of dyeing and decoloration technique. In this study, I deal with the yellow hair style, the most prevalent color which is an important means of communication in the our times.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

This study was performed to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the effect of keratin essence on hair protection against physicochemical damage. Damaged hairs were obtained from an early thirty woman who dyed her hair two times and did digital permanent treatment of her hair two times. The damaged hairs were divided into four experimental groups, which are the control hair (CH) group without additional beauty treatment, the damaged hair (DH) group by additional dyeing treatment, basic essence-treated hair (BEH) group, and keratin essence-treated hair (KEH) groups according to the research goal. The protection effect of keratin essence against the physicochemical damage was quantitatively compared by difference of chrominance measured using a color difference meter and qualitatively compared by difference of outer morphological structure images pictured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The brightness and yellowish blue color of KEH were relatively lower but the reddish blue color was relatively higher than other groups of test hairs. Cuticle structure of the previously DH was irregularly deformed and more strongly deformed or partially broken by additional dyeing treatment. On the other hand, the gaps between cuticle scales of the DH were reformed by treatment with basic essence and reformed and filled by treatment with keratin essence in comparison with the DH group. Conclusively, the keratin essence was effective to protect hair structure against the structural damage induced by the dyeing-treatment, by which the coloring efficiency is thought to be improved.