• 영어영문학
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1067-1088
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• 2011

While there is a high degree of convergence in linguistics in the treatment of the progressive as an aspect, the English progressive is unusually wide in its range of uses. This paper highlights the distinction between aspectual and non-aspectual progressives. The primary function of the progressive is to present a situation as ongoing, and this strictly aspectual use of the progressive is referred to as 'aspectual progressive'. On the other hand, the uses of the English progressive that are not, in a strict sense, aspectual is called 'non-aspectual progressive'. There are at least three basic uses of non-aspectual progressives. The first is the so-called progressive futurate (e.g., John is leaving tomorrow). In English, the present progressive can be used to express future time reference. This use of the progressive is regarded as a non-aspectual one, on the grounds that its meaning cannot be accounted for in terms of ongoingness. The second use is the habitual progressive (e.g., She's smoking a lot these days). Given that the habitual is an aspect, it is natural that the habitual progressive is not an aspectual progressive because one cannot view a situation in two different ways. In addition, ongoingness is not a defining property of the habitual progressive but is only a contingent or subsidiary property. The real essence of the habitual progressive is habituality. The third use of non-aspectual progressives is the experiential or interpretative progressive (e.g., You're imagining things), whose main characteristic is the subjectivity of the speaker's interpretation. The experiential or interpretative progressive does not serve a primarily aspectual function because the meaning of ongoingness has nothing to do with the content of the utterance.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2001

The simple forms in English have mostly been investigated in terms of tense, especially by those who do not distinguish between tense and aspect in English. However, we often find some usages of the simple forms that do not seem to fit in any of the meanings of tense. The purpose of this paper is to find aspectual meanings out of the simple present and past forms by re-analyzing their meanings in terms of aspect. It turns out that they represent the perfective aspect seeing a situation as a whole with no beginning. middle and end. As for the controversial stative situations in the simple forms, they have been proven to show the perfective aspect, too, if we agree to see both the part and whole in state as having the same features. And syntactic evidences from the simple forms and their corresponding progressive forms compared also show that the habitual dynamic situations represent the same aspect in the simple forms.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This article illuminates the relationship between the human being and the surrounding things by referring to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Criticizing our habitual approaches to apprehending 'what a thing is,' the two thinkers elucidate how 'what a thing is' can be understood only in conjunction with situations in the everyday and how humanity is joined with the qualities of the thing. In addition to the situated-ness of a thing, this article demonstrates the situated-ness of the human being, too, by referring to the notion of the horizon in the tradition of phenomenology. The last part of the paper discusses the basic premises of sustainability in reference to the situated-ness of both things and human beings. Framing natural things such as light as the alternative sources of energy propagandized in sustainability seems progressive. However, this attitude maintains fundamentally the same instrumental attitude we had towards nature, an attitude that has caused the current ecological crisis. By pointing this out, this article seeks to shape a ground for a broad spectrum of sustainability that embraces non-instrumental dimensions such as the practical, the ethical and the spiritual. This article also points out the limits of some of the currently available versions of ecology such as Shallow Ecology and Deep Ecology. In so doing, it seeks to lay out the parameters that any future version of sustainability and ecology needs to address.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.9-23
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• 1979

The known risk factors for atherosclerosis include plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL)or Cholesterol, low PUFA in the diet, hypertension, and high Na intake, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, sugar, low fiber and nicotinic acid in the diet, sources of Protein foods, and Psychological factors. Among various dietary factors, fat is known as the most serious causative agent for atherosclerosis. The genetic factor is a18o known as an important one but is out of scope in this paper. Since atherosclerosis is a progressive disease which may develop for many years before showing any definitive symptoms, it is very important to develop preventive programs especially in the country like Korea that is not quite overdevelopted as some western countries. In this paper all the factors mentioned above were reviewed and the dietary suggestion were made on the basis of the content of polyunsaturated and saturated fat in the diet to prevent or/and to cure this disease. Most of the available data on diet therapy with emphasis. on P/S ratio were tabulated together. after tile patient's habitual dietary intake is analized the guidelines of personalized fat-controlled diet can be recommended. It is of utmost importance to develop Korean diets for beth prevention and cure of atherosclerosis emphasizing individual eating habit in the near future which can be more Practicaly used both at home and in the hospital.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.307-344
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• 2009

2009년은 기축옥사(己丑獄事)가 일어난지 칠주갑(七周甲: 420년)이 되는 해이다. 그동안 정여립에 대한 논의는 어지러웠다. 시각에 따라 완전히 상반된 평가가 내려지기도 하였다. 문제는 정여립 사상의 진보성이라는 미명 아래 각종 수식어를 동원하여 과대 포장한 것이다. 이것을 원점에서부터 재검토해야 정여립과 정여립 사상의 본래 모습이 보인다고 생각한다. 이 글은 저간에 나온 추상적이고 관념적인 평가를 의식하여 철저하게 문헌 중심의 고증적 방법에 입각하여 고찰하였다. 지금까지 학계 일부에서는 정여립이라든지 기축옥사와 관련하여 다른 것은 다 부인하고 조작이라 하면서도 정여립이 평소에 늘 입버릇처럼 했다는 말은 조금의 의심도 없이 받아들였다. 그리고 정여립을 '미완의 혁명가' 또는 '혁명적 사고를 가진 인물'로 과대 포장하였다. 그러나 '혁명적' 운운하는 것은 온당하지 않다. 원시유학의 이념을 천명한 것이라든지, 유학의 이념을 새롭게 해석한 것에 지나지 않는다. 정여립은 관학(官學)인 주자학의 체계를 부정하고 원시유학의 이념으로 돌아가고자 하였다. 그의 대동사상(大同思想)도 원시유학의 정신을 되살리려는 차원에서 나온 것이다. 정여립의 반주자학적 학문 성향 내지 정치사상은 성리학적 명분주의를 초월하여 합리적이고 현실적인 것이었다. 이러한 합리적이고 진보적인 사상이 조선사회에서 쉽게 수용될 수 없었으므로 불온한 인물로 비쳐졌고, 마침내 사지(死地)로 몰릴 수밖에 없었던 것이다.