• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2002

Differences in dietary habits between Korean smokers and non-smokers were investigated using information obtained from 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older who participated in the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Sulvey. Dietary habit data including: skipping of meals, meal regularity, meal volume, snacking habits, removing fatty portions before eating foods, and dietary supplement intake were collected using a structured questionnaire by interview. Individual smoking data was also collected by interview as part of the health behavior survey. A Chi-square test was used to test the association between the dietary habits and smoking. 66.9% of the men were smokers (daily current or occasional current), while only 6.7% of women smoked. On average, 34.7% of the subjects were smokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to engage in the following dietary habits considered unhealthy: skipping breakfast, meal irregularity, large dinners, small breakfasts, frequently eating out, and eating food without removing the fatty portion. Therefore, Korean smokers should be provided education to assist them in making healthy dietary choices such as: eating regular meals, small dinners, and removing fatty Portion of foods. The survey also revealed that a substantial percentage (about 20%) of the subjects were taking some kind of dietary supplement, regardless of smoking status. It is, therefore, alto necessary to inform the general public that a balanced diet is the ideal way to obtain nutrients for optimal health.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2007

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to identify the level of knowledge of good posture and postural habits among elementary school children and to identify the relationship between knowledge of good posture and postural habits. Method: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 507 elementary school children in Jangheung County. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The percentage of correct answer for the knowledge test was 65.83%. Postural habits were not good. Although the strength of correlation was low, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and postural habits. Not only school health nurses but also class teachers and parents played important roles in spinal health education. Educational needs for spinal health are high. Conclusion: Although more research in this area is warranted, there is a pressing need for interventions aimed at developing healthy habits that promote postural hygiene among elementary school children. Development and evaluation of back education programs in elementary school is necessary.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an after-school cooking program on the eating habits and sociality of children. Thirty five children from the 3rd to the 6th grade of G Elementary School participated in this program comprising 12 periods of cooking activities, from May to August 2013. The content of the after-school cooking program included japchae, topokki, jajangmyeon, oi sobagi, cake, snack wrap, vegetable fried rice, sticky noodle, sushi, pizza, rice muffin, and sandwiches. Before and after learning, the participants' eating habits and sociality were investigated. The study analyzed the mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test results for a comparison between the pre- and post-test results. On the basis of the research findings and discussions, the study reached the following conclusions. First, the after-school cooking program was analyzed as being helpful and useful in categorizing the eating habits of children as sanitary dietary life, well-mannered dietary life, and healthy dietary life. Further, more girls than boys fostered effective eating habits. Second, the after-school cooking program was analyzed as being helpful and useful in determining sociality and more girls than boys fostered effective sociality. Third, cooking is an appropriate topic for the after-school program of Korean elementary schools, and the cooking program has expanded in G Elementary School after the abovementioned experiment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare body shape satisfaction, body image perception, weight control status, and dietary habits of Korean and Chinese female high school students in order to provide information for proper body image perception of adolescents. 221 students in Yongin, a city in Korea, and 227 students in Weihai, a city in China, were surveyed using questionnaires. Body shape satisfaction was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students. 76.2% of Korean students and 72.7% of Chinese students wanted a thinner body shape than their present body shapes. Experiences of weight control, laxative or diuretics uses, eating during weight control, and vomiting after eating were significantly higher in Korean students (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) compared to Chinese students. The score for dietary habits was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students, suggesting a more desirable dietary habit among Chinese students. Students of both countries showed a significantly positive correlation between body shape satisfaction and dietary habits, suggesting that as body shape satisfaction increases, dietary habits become more desirable. In conclusion, Korean female students showed a more distorted body image perception and had more poor dietary habits than Chinese students. Nutritional education for the establishment of normal body weight, proper body image perception, and healthy dietary habits are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2016

This study investigated the correlation between consumer's buying habits and food styling visual elements. Differentiated and original techniques were used to determine whether or not visual elements in tteok menus reflect the aesthetic needs of consumers without altering the nutrition of tteok. The targeted tteok cafes were in Jeonju Hanok Village, which is a tourist attraction in Korea. First, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus such as shape, size/volume, color, and texture all had significantly positive effects on customer satisfaction, proving that food styling visual effects applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus have significant effects on customer satisfaction. Second, sub-factors of food styling visual elements applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus all had significantly positive effects on buying habits. Third, customer satisfaction of menus had a significant effect on buying habits, as proven by previous studies. Fourth, the effects of customer satisfaction on the relationship between food styling visual factors applied to tteok $caf{\acute{e}}$ menus and buying habits were investigated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.735-742
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• 2003

In order to develop a logical method for using selective fishing gear, the behaviour and habits of the aquatic animals must be investigated. However, until now, little national research has been carried out to investigate the behaviour and habits of the common octopus (Octopus minor). The purpose of this study henceforth, is to compile necessary behavioral data to develop fishing gear to catch the common octopus. Behaviour and habits of the common octopus were observed while breeding in a water tank from February to May, 2003. The feeding habits of common octopus are more vigorous at night than in the daytime. The common octopus feeds on 1-4 bait crabs per day and consume each crab in 40-50 min. The sensory organs of the common octopus are more influenced by the sense of touch and smell, than by vision. Using live bait is more effective and advantageous than using dead bait, as the common octopus responded more to live bait. The hiding habits of the common octopus were very intensive, as they hid around all the shelters that were provided in this study. They demonstrated territorial behavior and struggled to maintain their sphere of influence. In addition, out of the various colors for shelters and bait supplied, the common octopus preferred light colors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to test an obesity management program for elementary school children. The program was assessed by examining its effects on the obesity, dietary attitudes, dietary habits, and exercise habits. Methods: The participants were 65 elementary school children, of which 32 were assigned for the experimental group and 33 for the control group. The experimental group received an 8 weeks obesity management program. The outcome variables were measured before and after the program. $X^2$-test and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: After the obesity management program, the BMI and fat mass percentage in the experimental group were significantly reduced. The score for dietary attitudes and dietary habits changed in a positive direction. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that the obesity management program was effective in decreasing the rate of obesity and increasing the score for dietary attitudes and dietary habits. The program should be effective in the management of obesity in elementary school children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare food habits and nutrient intakes among high school students with different obesity indexes who are residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. a total of 533 subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on BMI : underweight, normal-weight and overweight. Food habits and nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires and 24hr-dietary record. The results were as follows. There was no significant differences in the general environmental characteristics of subjects with different BMI. However, the father\`s BMI was significantly higher in overweight female students compared to underweight or normal weight subjects. The menarch age was significantly decreased as the obesity increased. The self-satisfaction score for physical type was decreased as the BMI increased. The overweight group skipped dinner more frequently the other groups among male students. There was no significant difference in the scores of nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, and self -satisfaction of subjects with different BMI. The nutrient intakes of overweight group were the lowest among the three groups. In conclusion, obesity among female students may be related to family member\`s obesity. Also overweight students tend to have lower self satisfaction for their body image and undesirable food habits. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required to maintain desirable food habits for overweight students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curfew due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could influence health behaviors in people, especially in children, who can easily acquire unhealthy eating habits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on weight, health behaviors including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children aged 6-15 years in Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey that included 280 children aged 6-15 years in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 curfew. The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and health behaviors including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. RESULTS: We observed a significant difference in the body mass index before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.001). Children significantly tended to skip breakfast, along with a decreased intake of dairy products and fast food (P < 0.001). Moreover, children were less physically active and significantly tended to be involved in leisure screen-based activities, including watching TV and use of computer/games (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the negative influences of the COVID-19 curfew on health behaviors, including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children in Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

Purpose: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing number of online food delivery applications (OFDA), this study aims to assess the distribution of the presence of Indonesian OFDA and to measure the factors that influence the spending habits of OFDA users. Research design, data and methodology: Two hundred and nine OFDA users from Jakarta's Generation Z were surveyed via a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and SMART PLS 3.0. Results: OFDAs were introduced into Indonesia in the recent past with varying degrees of popularity determined by the number of downloads. Users' intention to use was not determined by the speed of the introduction of an OFDA. This study also reveals that previous experience of the service, the orientation of time and price savings had a significant effect on spending habits. A moderating role of the saving variable on time and price was not demonstrated. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that, in COVID-19 pandemic conditions, the spending habits of Generation Z are not based on impulse, thrift, or extravagance. The pandemic shaped specific motivations in spending habits, namely prioritizing need. This study has limitations, including the small sample size and the use of internal variables.