• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.356-362
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• 2023

Identifying the distribution of species and specific factors related to it is very important because it is habitat conservation that is greatly linked not only to ecological research but also to human health. After all, protecting each one's habitat will protect wildlife and further maintain a healthy ecosystem. Therefore, in this study, data were collected, compared, and analyzed through existing studies and field-oriented surveys. The results of the survey confirmed high species diversity in agricultural areas and forest areas that can reduce moisture supply and moisture loss, and the non-segmental environment, that is, ecological connectivity, was largely influenced by amphibian species diversity. It was confirmed that the non-fragmented environment, that is, ecological connectivity, was greatly affected by amphibian species diversity. In addition, the three factors that affect amphibian survival are: It was identified as the effect of not establishing a buffer space, the effect on the ecological transformation around the habitat during the summer rainy season, and the effect on the disconnected ecological environment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

This study was to introduce a methodology of ecological health assessment for efficient management and to provide some diagnostic results of the survey. We evaluated ecological health assessment at five sampling locations of Sikjang Mountainous Stream using the index of biological integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during May - October 2006. The health condition, based on the IBI model, averaged 32 and varied from 27 to 37 depending on the sampling sites. Thus, the stream health was judged as "good" to "fair" conditions. IBI values showed slight differences between upstream and downstream sites. Whereas, QHEI values varied from 75 (fair condition) to 196 (excellent condition) and QHEI at St. 4~5, indicating the downstream reach had significantly lower than the headwater site (St.1). Regression analyses also showed that QHEI values had a linear decrease from the headwater to downstream. This result indicated that habitat quality was rapidly degradated by human influence. Overall, data of IBI and QHEI suggested that the stream health was maintained well in the present but the habitat and biological quality were partially degradated in the downstream. So, the human interference should be minimized to protect the downstream environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.544-550
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• 2008

This study conducted a survey on the ecosystem of Wonju stream from May until November in 2004 and made an health assessment of Wonju stream using family biotic indices(FBI) and physical habitat assessment(PHA) of the aquatic insects. Through this survey, aquatic insects covering 8 orders, 37 families, 62 genuses, and 92 species were observed at 9 stations along Wonju stream. In terms of family biotic indices, it was confirmed that station 1,2 and 3 were maintaining the healthiest stream ecosystem with the value ranging from 4.55 to 4.82. In addition, station 2 was found to have the best habitat environment in the correlation between physical habitat assessment and family biotic indices with its value of 100 and 4.82, respectively. However, station 7 and 9 showed the lowest habitat environment with the value of 45, 6.17 and 45, 6.97, respectively. posing the need for improvement in PHA; further, station 7 and 9 showed inverted correlationship between PHA and FBI.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 2018

This study was conducted to estimate the habitat suitability of 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa in the Hwayang stream. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) of benthic macroinvertebrates from the Hwayang stream was developed based on three physical habitat factors which include current velocity, water depth, and the substrate. The Weibull model was used as a probability density function to analyze the distribution of individual abundance by physical factors. The number of species and the total individual abundance increased along with the increase in current velocity. By means of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the relative importance of each factor was determined in the following order: current velocity, water depth, and the mean diameter. The results depicted that, the most influential factor in the growth of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Hwavang system was current velocity. After comparing the analyzed results from the Hwayang stream with the resukts from the Gapyeong stream, the integrated HSI was drawn. The results indicated that current velocity and substrate had similar distributions of HSI in the two streams. This was due to the addition of unmeasured data from previous surveys, or the fact that benthic macroinvertebrates adapted to deeper waters in the Hwayang Stream. Most taxa showed a clear preference for a fast current velocity, deep water depth and coarse substrate except Baetiella, Epeorus, (mayflies), and Hydropsyche (caddisfly).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural habitat of Hotaria unmunsana Doi, which was first discovered at Mt. Unmun also represents a landscape indicator species for Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces, and Luciola lateralis Motschulsky, which is the object of experiential activation at festivals in some cities in the region. The spatial range of this study is limited by Daegu City and Gyeongbuk province, and is used to predict the preference of firefly for altitude, slope, direction, shaded relief, riparian buffer zone, river environment, and farmland to analyze the area that best matches the habitat of fireflies. As a result, fireflies are highly influenced by altitude and there may be no large-scale habitats in some areas through the Nakdong and the Baekdu mountain ranges, which occur at high altitude. In most of the cities, we found major habitats around the streams and wetlands. By region, the sites were widely distributed around the cities focused on Nakdong River, and many habitats emerged around the Nakdong River tributary and gentle slopes. In order to preserve and spread the habitat of fireflies, the physical environment as well as their relationship with food chains and symbiotic organisms should be established, and excessive use of pesticides and herbicides in agricultural areas should be avoided.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

We researched community structure, species composition, and habitat environment of Dendropanax morbifera populations distributed in Goheung, Haenam, Wando (I.), and Bogildo (I.) at south coast of the Korean Peninsula. Our research was also estimated possible area for growth of Dendropanax morbifera by analyzing meteorological factors of the habitat thereof. Dendropanax morbifera community divided into Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group and Carpinus laxiflora group by difference of species composition. Broad-leaved evergreens showed high dominance value in view of rNCD in Dendropanax morbifera community as follows: Camellia japonica (100.0), Quercus acuta (88.6), Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (55.8), Dendropanax morbifera Lev. (41.4), Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium (23.8), Eurya japonica (19.9) and Ligustrum japonicum (11.5). In the population distribution, 94.2% of Carpinus laxiflora group consisted of sapling and small size class that are less than 5 cm in DBH while 54.2% of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii group did. The soil environment of habitat showed low soil acidity, good organic matter and water content, and good drainage. The distribution area of Dendropanax morifera habitat had $13^{\circ}C$ or more in annual mean temperature, $7.4^{\circ}C$ or more in daily minimum temperature, $100^{\circ}C$ month or more in warmth index, and approximately 1,344 mm in mean annual precipitation. Dendropanax morifera habitat corresponded to evergreen broad-leaved forest zone located in islands and coast in the southwest region of the Korean Peninsula. The northern limit line of Dendropanax morifera community was determined as Gunsan-Jeongeup-Gwangju-Jinju-Pohang-Youngdeok line based on $13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature that was confirmed in natural habitat of Dendropanax morifera community.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

In order to restore an ecologically damaged river, freshwater fish which inhabit at the target aquatic ecosystem have a great applicability as one of the essential indicators. Although the informations about the habitat conditions of freshwater fish are key elements reflecting biological, physical, and chemical properties of the aquatic environment, because of the lack of preceding related research and insufficient database with scattered data, they have not been applied effectively for the ecological river restoration projects in Korea. To cope with these problems, based on the nation-wide detailed investigation for domestic freshwater fish habitat conditions, we have selected 70 species considering the possibility for the candidates of flagship species, constructed a database for their population, physical, and chemical habitat properties, and suggested its application methodology for the river restoration projects. In particular, the utilization of the database has been enhanced by the additional statistical analysis to present their resistance and optimum ranges for physical, and chemical habitat properties respectively. It is expected that the database constructed in this study can be utilized for the calculation and evaluation of the appropriate ecological flow rate and target water quality for the selected flagship species (fish), and the basic data for the restoration of river environment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat use of White-naped Cranes Grus vipio in Han river estuary during the wintering period from 2006 to 2008 (October$\sim$March). The average numbers of wintering White-naped Cranes were 106.6$\pm$21.7 (Mean$\pm$SD) individuals, and the highest number of 140 individuals were recorded in the early January, 2008. The wintering habitat use of White-naped Cranes between rice field and mudflat was not significantly different (Mann-Whitney test. p=0.40) during the wintering period. However, White-naped Cranes spent more time on the rice field in the early winter (p<0.01), and on the mudflat in the late winter(p<0.01). There was not a difference of the habitat use rate on middle winter. White-naped cranes used four different sites of rice field: Hongdopyoung, Pyoungdong, Ihwadong and Janghang rice fields. Among them, Hongdopyoung was the main foraging site. There was significant differences of habitat use ratio in the early and mid winter ((Kruskal-wallis test. p<0.01). White-naped Cranes used mudflat area from Gimpo Daegyo to Nusanri of Han river estuary. Especially, they preferred four sites from Gimpo Daegyo to Ilsan Daegyo more than the other sites. Habitat use rate of mud flats were significantly different among each site during the wintering period (Kruskal-wallis test. p<0.01)

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2015

The occurrence of wild boars (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) and reports of wildlife-vehicle conflicts (i.e., road-kill) involving them have increased in natural forest regions of Korea. In the past few decades, many wildlife passages have been constructed to reduce vehicle collisions involving wildlife species. However, few studies have assessed the habitat suitability of target wildlife species when locating the construction sites of wildlife passages. Target species rarely use wildlife passages if built in an inappropriate location. Therefore, a quantitative habitat model is required to find suitable sites for wildlife passages that can connect the fragmented forest patches of wildlife habitats in Korea. In this study, the wild boar was selected as the target species, and six environmental variables (percentage of Quercus forest, slope aspect, distance to roads, water accessibility, forest stand age and density) were measured. The habitat model for wild boars was developed with a Delphi survey, and habitat suitability maps were delineated for the provinces of Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do. In this study, 298 and 64 boars were observed in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively. Observations of wild boars derived from the second nationwide natural environmental survey were used to evaluate the habitat model. Habitat suitability maps that superimposed existing road networks suggested that wild boar habitats were severely fragmented in both provinces, particularly in Gangwon-do. To connect the fragmented habitats and prevent wildlife-vehicle collisions, this study proposes 11 and 5 wildlife passage sites in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.24-36
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• 2008

The essence of a natural stream restoration project is providing habitats for various creatures in terms of the stream's environmental function. This research suggests the problems of natural stream restoration project by studying streams in terms of habitats for creatures and reviewing the national and international cases on existing natural stream restoration project. As a solution for the above, this research suggests a preservation method for biotope of upper stream areas focusing on the fish biotope area considering the ecological characteristics and preservation value of the respective stream so that the stream can be preserved as habitats for creatures. The research was carried out on Cheonglimli Baekcheon region which is an upper stream area of Buan-Dam located in the public park in Byunsanbando, Buangoon, Jeonlabookdo. We suggest the preservation method based on the habitat environment and keystone species of fish. The habitat environment evaluation was carried out mainly being divided into three groups namely, habitats and surrounding environment, reservoir's features and fish way and the diversity of fish. By improving the problematic elements discovered through such evaluation, it tries to improve the biotope of the stream and continuously preserve the stream. In addition, in order to restore the stream as habitats for various creatures, this research suggests to select keystone species which are suitable for the stream environment and restore the habitats based on the keystone species rather than restoring habitats for all species. Fish not only plays the role of a consumer of Epilithic algae and water beetles but also plays an important ecological role as a food for birds or small mammalia. If such ecologically important biotope for fish is preserved, the ecological environment of the stream will be maintained more stably.