• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

Efficient gene delivery to specific tissues, such as inflammatory and cancerous tissues, is currently a major concern in disease treatment. The human transferrin receptor (hTR) has been detected in the synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which raises the possibility that expression of hTR is associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To investigate whether the hTR is a useful target for gene transduction into the FLS of RA patients, recombinant adenoviruses with wildtype fiber (AdLac) and transferrin peptide-tagged fiber (Tf-AdLac) were used. The hTR expression level in FLS was notably increased by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Gene transduction to FLS was significantly higher by the hTR-targeted adenovirus than by the AdLac adenovirus, and treatment of the FLS with bFGF resulted in increased gene transduction by Tf-AdLac. Taken together, these data support Tf-AdLac as a new strategy for gene transduction in the treatment of RA patients.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2005

In the present study, we have characterized the choline transport system and examined the influence of various amine drugs on the choline transporter using a conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB) in vitro. The cell-to-medium (C/M) ratio of $[^3{H}]choline$ in TR-BBB cells increased time-dependently. The initial uptake rate of $[^3{H}]choline$ was concentration-dependent with a Michaelis-Menten value, $K_{m}$, of $26.2\pm2.7{\mu}M$. The $[^3{H}]choline$ uptake into TR-BBB was $Na^{+}-independent$, but was membrane potential-dependent. The $[^3{H}]choline$ uptake was susceptible to inhibition by hemicholinium-3, and tetraethy-lammonium (TEA), which are organic cation transporter substrates. Also, the uptake of $[^3{H}]choline$ was competitively inhibited with $K_{i}$ values of $274 {\mu}M, 251 {\mu}M and 180 {\mu}M$ in the presence of donepezil hydrochloride, tacrine and $\alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone$ (PBN), respectively. These characteristics of choline transport are consistent with those of the organic cation transporter (OCT). OCT2 mRNA was expressed in TR-BBB cells, while the expression of OCT3 or choline transporter (CHT) was not detected. Accordingly, these results suggest that OCT2 is a candidate for choline transport at the BBB and may influence the BBB permeability of amine drugs.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n=6) and untrained (UT; n=6) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (R), Maximal (M), High intensity (H), and Low intensity (L). The percent body fat and RMR of all subjects were measured at every periods. The RMR was measured early in the morning following a 12-hour fast using MMX3B gas analyzer and blood sample were collected from the anticubital vein to investigate thyroid hormonal (T3, T4, Free T3, Free T4, & TSH) changes. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value/BSA $(kcal/d/m^2)$. And We also analyzed mean energy expenditure for 30 minutes during and after different intensity exercise. There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in TR (p < .05) not in the UT group. however, there was no significant different percent body fat in TR and in UT group. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different between TR and UT in HEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) & LEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the TR group at H period and in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in TR group at L period, however there was no significant different in the UT group. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (TR) and untrained (VI). The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (M), high intensity exercise (H), and low intensity exercise (L). From the results, Low intensity of exercise (L), there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the TR not for the UT. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the TR group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1268-1273
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• 2003

Sixty postpartum lactating Friesian cows in 3 treatments at a commercial dairy farm were used to study the effect of using progesterone supplementation with GnRH and PGF2$\alpha$ synchronization with and without timed AI on fertility during summer. Cows in treatment1($Tr_1$) and treatment2 ($Tr_1$) were fitted with progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) device and injected with 10 g GnRH agonist on $51{\pm}3$ d postpartum (pp). Seven days later, PRID was removed and cows received 25 mg PGF2$\alpha$. Two days later, $Tr_1$ cows received another injection of 10 g GnRH and timed AI 16-20 h later. Control cows received only 25 mg PGF2$\alpha$ $58{\pm}3d\;pp$. $Tr_2$ and control cows were AI at detected estrus. Serum progesterone for all cows was determined on days of injection, AI and 21, 23 and 28 d postinsemination. Pregnancy rates from first AI based on serum P4 concentrations on d 21, 23 and 28 postinsemination (50, 40 and 35%) and that based on rectal palpation 40-45 d postinsemination (30, 15 and 15% for $Tr_1$, $Tr_2$ and control cows, respectively) did not differ among the three groups. Whereas, pregnancy rate at 120 d pp for $Tr_1$ (65%) was higher (p<0.05) than that in $Tr_2$ (30%) or control (30%). The overall pregnancy rate was not significantly different (90, 90 and 75% for $Tr_1$, $Tr_2$ and control, respectively). Days open for cows in $Tr_1$ ($100.3{\pm}9$) was less (p<0.03) than that in $Tr_2$ ($130.9{\pm}9$) or control ($135.1{\pm}10$). Results indicate that using PRID device with Ovsynch program had significantly increased pregnancy rate and decreased days open compared to AI at detected estrus after synchronization with GnRH, PRID and PGF2$\alpha$ or synchronization with one injection of PGF2$\alpha$.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.230-233
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to establish the optimal induction heating conditions of various preform types used for TR forging. The finite element model coupled electro-magnetic and transient heat transfer was employed to evaluate the distribution of temperature at the billet. Power control method was applied to control temperature of preform in induction heating because TR forging is not a continuous process. Power schedule that consists of heating and holding stage was suggested. In heating stage, power is inversely proportional to diameter of preform but the time of heating stage is directly proportional to the diameter of preform. But, in holding stage, the required power for thermal equilibrium per unit volume of the billet decreases with an increase in a diameter of billet due to the increase of efficiency.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 조영증강 MRI 검사 시 T1 effect를 만들기 위한 물리적 매개변수 중 대표적인 TR과 TE가 가돌리늄과 결합한 $H_1$ 스핀의 신호강도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 정량적으로 평가 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MR 가돌리늄 조영제인 0.5 mol Gadoteridol로 제작된 MR팬텀을 이용하여 1.5T MRI 장비에서 FSE(Fast Spin Echo)시퀀스로 실험하였다. 이때 FSE 매개변수 중 TR과 TE의 값들을 서로 달리하였다. 이 때 TR 수치는 각각 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 msec, TE는 6.2, 12.4, 18.6, 21.6 msec로 임상적인 T1 effect를 구현하는데 있어 매개변수 값이 물리적으로 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 설정하였고, TR, TE가 서로 교차되어 실험되었다. 획득된 영상 데이터를 통해 신호강도 변화를 측정 한 후 이를 분석하였다. 이 때 조영증강 반응시작 지점인 RSP(Reaction Starting Point)는 TR과는 무관하게 TE 6.2 msec에서 100 mmol, TE 12.4 msec에서 50 mmol, TE 18.6 msec에서 40mmol, TE 21.6 msec에서 30 mmol을 나타내었다. 최대 신호강도인 MPSI(Max Peak Signal Intensity)는 TR 200 msec에서는 TE모두 4mmol에서 형성되었고, TR 250에서 600 msec까지는 모두 4, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.6 mmol의 저 농도 영역으로 피크치가 지연되었다. 반응면적인 RA(Reaction Area)는 TR 200-600 msec에서 각각 21183.2, 21536.6, 21875.9, 22114.3, 22419.1, 22895.8, 23208.6, 23189.1, 23210.4 [a.u]로 TE 6.2 msec일 때 가장 수치가 높았다. 본 연구를 통하여 가돌리늄 조영증강 정도는 MR매개변수에 의해 조정 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이는 실제 임상에서의 T1 조영증강 검사에 있어서 본 연구의 정량적 데이터를 통하여 진단학적으로 효율적인 TR, TE 매개변수 값으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.735-741
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• 2019

Let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be a complex Hilbert space and ${\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ the algebra of all bounded linear operators on ${\mathcal{H}}$. In this paper, we prove that if ${\varphi}:{\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}}){\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ is a unital surjective bounded linear map, which preserves m- isometries m = 1, 2 in both directions, then there are unitary operators $U,V{\in}{\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ such that ${\varphi}(T)=UTV$ or ${\varphi}(T)=UT^{tr}V$ for all $T{\in}{\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$, where $T^{tr}$ is the transpose of T with respect to an arbitrary but fixed orthonormal basis of ${\mathcal{H}}$.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

We present a study of the old open cluster Trumpler 5 (Tr 5), based on the CDS archival data. From the color-magnitude diagrams of Tr 5, we have found the positions of main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) and red giant clump (RGC) stars. Using the mean magnitude of the RGC stars, we have estimated the reddening toward Tr 5, E(B - V) = 0.60 $\pm$ 0.10. Using the stars common in two data sets and the theoretical isochrones of Padova group, we have estimated the distance modulus $V_o - M_v = 12.64 {\pm} 0.20 (d = 3.4 {\pm} 0.3 kpc)$, the metallicity [Fe/H) = -0.30 $\pm$ 0.10, and the age of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.2 Gyr (log t = 9.38). These metallicity and distance values are consistent with the relation between the metallicity and the Galactocentric distance of other old open clusters, for which we obtain the slope of ${\Delta}[Fe/H]/ R_{gc} = -0.064 {\pm} 0.010\;dex\;kpc^{-1}$.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.597-599
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• 2005

국내 지중배전계통에 사용되는 케이블은 경제성을 이유로 송전급 케이블에 준하는 신뢰성을 확보하지 못하고 있다. 초창기 CNCV 케이블로부터 지속적으로 성능이 향상되어 왔음에도 불구하고 여전히 수분침투에 의한 수트리 열화와 반도전층 계면의 전계집중으로 인한 케이블 고장이 많이 발생하고 있다. 이에 한전에서는 위 두 가지 고장원인을 제거하기 위하여 TR CNCE-W 케이블을 개발하였으며, 2005년 4월 규격을 제정하였다. 새로운 케이블은 지중 관로에 포석될 것이며 지중배전계통의 신뢰성을 한충 향상시키게 된 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.602-603
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• 2008

The design modification of problematic component in a given vibration path is disallowed in order to sacrifice other performances such as ride comport or handling of a vehicle. For this, the paper presents a new contribution analysis based on transmissibility ratio (TR) of acceleration in a definite vibration path to find a proper candidate for design modification. The new contribution analysis is based on the fact that the sensitivity of TR over a small design change is inversely proportional to the magnitude of TR. The new methodology can significantly relieve efforts of time-consumming modal analysis for detail modal information. The theory of proposed contribution analysis is simulated with five-degree-of-freedom open vibration path and confirms that the contribution result is well matched with the variance of TR over a dynamic change on a vibration path.