• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.384-398
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• 1991

A computer program was developed to select the optimum size of farm machine and analyze its operation costs according to various farming conditions. It was written in FORTRAN 77 and BASIC languages and can be run on any personal computer having Korean Standard Complete Type and Korean Language Code. The program was developed as a user-friendly type so that users can carry out easily the costs analysis for the whole farm work or respective operation in rice production, and for plowing, rotarying and pest controlling in upland. The program can analyze simultaneously three different machines in plowing & rotarying and two machines in transplanting, pest controlling and harvesting operations. The input data are the sizes of arable lands, possible working days and number of laborers during the opimum working period, and custom rates varying depending on regions and individual farming conditions. We can find out the results such as the selected optimum combination farm machines, the overs and shorts of working days relative to the planned working period, capacities of the machines, break-even points by custom rate, fixed costs for a month, and utilization costs in a hectare.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2000

Background: Exercise is a very common precipitant of asthma. Bronche-constriction associated with exercise can occur in 75~90% of individuals with asthma The estimated prevalence(30~85%) of gastroesophageal reflux(GER) in patients with asthma is significantly higher than in general population. We performed pH monitoring during the exercise in order to evaluate whether exercise induced asthma(EIA) could be related to GER and acid reflux-induced esophagobronchial reflex-mediated bronchospasm might be a factor for EIA. Method: Following an overnight fast, 18 patients with a suspected EIA(6 men, 12 women) were studied. Monitoring of intraesophageal pH, ECG and spirometry was done for 1 hour before treadmill exercise. After baseline monitoring, subjects underwent symptom-limited treadmill exercise with Bruce protocol and continuous monitoring for 60 min after exercise. Spirometry was done at baseline prior to exercise, and repeated every 10 min after full exercise for 60 min. Results: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was noted in 15 patients, who performed MBPT and 12 patients confirmed for bronchial asthma and 3 patients were diagnosed exercise-induced astham. Five of 15 EIA patients demonstrated a pathologic degree of GER. Conclusion: We suggest that GER may be one of pathophysiologic factors of EIA and evoke further concentration on the GER in the EIA patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.167-178
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• 1995

It has been believed that the increased release of free oxygen radicals and their tissue damaging potency might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase can protect the tissue damage from the free oxygen radicals($O_2^-,H_2O_2$, and $OH^-$). In order to investigate the SOD- and catalase - activity in the blood plasma and red blood cells(RBCs) of the patients with perodontitis, 19 male periodontitis patients($25{\sim}35$ years old) who had good general health, more than 10 teeth with severely inflamed gingiva, attachment loss more than 6mm and bone loss were selected as periodontitis group, and 13 male volunteers($22{\sim}29$ years old) with good general and periodontal health were selected as normal group. After blood plasma and RBC were separated from peripheral blood of 2ml collected from antecubital vein of each subject, SOD- activity in blood plasma and RBCs was measured by the same method that Paoletti et al. did, and catalase - activity in RBC was measured by the same method that Beers et al, did. The difference of SOD- and catalase - activity between the normal and the periodontitis groups was statistically analyzed by Student t-test with SPSS/PC program.The results were as follows : 1. SOD activity in blood plasma was significantly lower in the periodontitis group($1.986{\pm}0.893$) than in the normal group($3.324{\pm}1.044$)(p<0.05). 2. There was no statistical significance in the difference of SOD- activity in RBCs between the periodontitis group($7.753{\pm}3.206$) and the normal group($8.116{\pm}1.192$)(p$242.8{\pm}45.6$) than in the normal group($280.2{\pm}32.6$)(p

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1997

A new weighing sensor for the automatic diameter control system of the crystal growth is developed in this study. This weighing sensor measures the frequency of the vibrating element which is lineally changing with respect to weight. The signal and the power of this system are transmitted without any physical contact, so that this sensor offers high accuracy and resolution. This system consists of a string, a sinusoidal wave generator, an automatic amplification adjusting circuit, signal transformers and a PCB. 4 kinds of programs are developed for checking DAC, weight calibration and controlling growth process. The measurements of the standard deviation and the resolution show $\pm0.10g$(measured at every second) and $5{\times}10^{-5}$, respectively, This weighing sensor is effective under high pres-sure of 200 atm, high temperature and vacuum condition. The weighing system can control the temperature in the accuracy of $\pm0.025^{\circ}C$ with the 'signal divider'. The optical quality single crystals of $(YGd)_3Sc_2Ga_3O_{12},\;Er-Y_3Sc_2Al_3O_{12},\;and\;Bi_{12}GeO_{20}$ have been grown by Czo-chralski method using this auto-diameter control system.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

This study was analyze through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from year of 1972-1993, and analysis of data in 1994 was performed with medical records on the health subcenter by PC-SAS program. The result are as follows: The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,707 in 1995, 4,641 in 1985 and 5,424 in 1975. In the composition rate of population "0-14" of age group only showed markedly decreasing tendancy from 42.8% in 1975 to 19.1% in 1995. However, "65 and over" showed markedly increasing tendancy from 5.7% in 1975 to 9.8% in 1995. Annual utilization rate showed rapidly increasing tendency from year of 1972 to 1978, such as 314 per showed rapidly decreasing tendency, such as 708 in 1981, 485 in 1984, 272 in 1987, 309 in 190 and in 1993. In the annual age-specific utilization rate, the age group of "0-14" showed the highest rate of 621 per thousand population in 1975, 1159 in 1980, 1021 in 1985 and 538 in 1990. However the age group of "65 and over" showed the highest rate of 481 in 1994. Age specific annual utilization rate showed markedly decreasing tendency in the age group of "0-14" and "15-44", however showed slightly decreasing tendency or same level in the group of "45-64" and "65 and over" from year of 1980 to 1994. In the age specific utilization rate, the lower down the age was, the higher tendency the rate showed, such as 621 per 1,000 population in "0-14" of the age group, 543 in "15-44", 406 in "45-64" and 294 in "65 and over" in 1975. However, the higher up the age was, the higher tendency the rate showed in 1980, 1985 and 1994, except "0-14" of age group. The 5 major diseases were disease of Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system, Skin and Subcutaneous tissue, Accidents, Poisoning and Violence and Nervous system and Sense organ, in 1975, 1980 and 1985. However, in 1990 and 1994, the 5 major disease were disease of Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue, Musculoskeletal system and, Connective tissue and Circulatory system. In Composition rate of patient in Su Dong-Myun Health Subcenter by Charged Medical Fee, medical insurance showed almost all the highest rate of 93.9% in year of 1994 and C.H.D.A. of 100% in 1975. Proportion of insurance showed increasing tendency such as 6.6% in 1980, 21.3% in 1985, 69.0% in 1990 and relatively C.H.D.A. showed decreasing tendency.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

Background : Oral leukoplakia(OL) and lichen planus(LP) are common soft tissue lesions characterized by white plaque or striae with erosion. The clinical characteristics of these diseases are similar but the cause and clinical course of them are very different. I compared OL with LP by analysizing clinical and histopathological characteristics and follow up study. Patients and methods : The clinical analysis of 200 patients with OL and LP was performed by review of dental and medical charts. And H/E slides were examined under the light microscope. we examined H/E slides by the light microscope. The follow up study of patients was performed. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS/PC WINDOWS (version 13.0). Results : The age distribution of OL was in the range of 13-75 years old being most prevalent in the 5th decade and there was a tendency of male prevalent. The age distribution of LP was in the range of 20-79 years old being most prevalent in the 4th decade and there was a tendency of female prevalent. The most common site of involvement was the buccal mucosa in both diseases. The most common clinical features of OL and LP were white plaque type and white lesion with striae, respectively. In case of LP, the most common clinical sign was tenderness to palpation. Fifteen cases of OL and eight cases of LP showed epithelial dysplasia. Twelve cases of OL recurred after surgery of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of LP were transformed into oral squamous carcinoma. Conclusion : There was statistically significant difference in age, sex, clinical signs of patients, frequency of epithelial dysplasia between OL and LP. The Pearson coefficient correlation efficient was 0.51(p < 0.05). The knowledge of the difference between OL and LP can help understand these diseases.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2023

In this study, we evaluated the targeting of prostate cancer (PCa) using [¹⁸F]Florastamin in non-clinical study, for the purpose of therapeutic monitoring of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep, a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for PCa, [¹⁸F]Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was co-administered to a single-individual prostate tumor bearing mouse model, mimicking clinical condition. Considering the difference in half-life of the two isotopes (¹⁸F or ¹⁷⁷Lu), image scan of whole-body autoradiography was performed at 24 or 48 h after preparation of frozen section, respectively. Then, it was confirmed whether they showed the same targeting efficiency for the area of tumor. A tumor xenograft model was prepared using PSMA-overexpressing PC3-PIP prostate cancer cells. [¹⁸F]Florastamin [111 MBq (3 mCi) in 100 µL]/¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep [3.7 MBq (100 µCi) in 100 µL] was co-administered through the tail vein, and 2 hours after administration, the mice were frozen, and after freezing for 24 hours, whole-body cryosection was performed at 24 h after freezing. Image scanning using cryosection was performed after 24 or 48 hours after freezing, respectively. In the scan image after 24 hours, tumor uptake of [¹⁸F] Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep were simultaneously observed specific uptake in the tumor. In the scan image after 48 hours in the same section, signal of ¹⁸F was lost by decay of radioisotope, and specific uptake image for [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was observed in the tumor. Uptake of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was specific to the same tumor region where [¹⁸F]Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was uptake. These results suggested that [¹⁸F]Florastamin showed the same tumor uptake efficiency to PCa as [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep, and effective therapeutic monitoring is expected to be enable using [¹⁸F]Florastamin during [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep therapy for PCa.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.711-718
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• 2008

Dombaeki, a traditional salted shark meat, has been widely used as a customary religious food in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area of Korea. Two different sharks, Sphyrna zygaena (SZ) and Isurus oxyrinchus (IO) are traditionally used to prepare Dombaeki. Chemical components, lipid classes, fatty acid levels, and sterol compositions of meats prepared from the two sharks were investigated. There were no significant differences in chemical composition between the two dried shark meats. Major amino acids in shark meat were leucine, lysine, arginine, proline, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and asparagine, which together accounted for about 40% of total amino acids. Levels of amino acids in IO meat were higher than in SZ meat. Major fatty acids in the two shark meats were palmitic ($C_{16:0}$), stearic ($C_{18:0}$), oleic ($C_{18:1}$), arachidonic ($C_{20:4}$), and docosahexanoic (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) acids, which accounted for about 80% of total fatty acids. Notably, IO meat showed higher amounts of DHA (31.8%) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 1.8%) than did SZ meat. The two shark meats showed similar dry weight levels of total lipids, with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols, and phospholipidscomprising on average 5.0, 2.0, 13.0 and 63.0% of total lipids, respectively. The dominant classes of phospholipids were mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PC content in the two shark meats was higher than that of PE, although the differencewas not great. The major fatty acids in phospholipids were myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, and docosanoic acids. Total volatile basic nitrogen content and the pH of SZ meat were lower than those of IO meat, whereas the Hunter's 'a' and 'b' values of SZ meat were higher than those of IO meat. These results suggest that shark meat may be useful as a functional food to prevent several degenerative diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation activity of the citron seed. The citron seed were separated to hull and embryo, and extracted with n-hexane and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of n-hexane extract. IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of hull (CSE1) and embryo (CSE2) were 3.18 and 8.43 mg/mL, and those of total antioxidant activity were 19.96 and 11.28 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity on CSE1 showed the highest values of 31.61 and 45.17%, respectively. Antiproliferation effects on the MCF7, HepG2, H460, HCT-116, and PC3 cell line showed the highest values of 14.09, 19.12, 12.29, 9.78, and 9.12% in extract concentration of 5 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that citron seed can be used for development of functional food material which have biological activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7653-7658
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• 2015

Background: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is part of the antioxidant defence system involved in detoxification. This study aimed to analyze the influence of NQO1 (C609T) genetic polymorphism in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)as a putative risk factor. Materials and Methods: Present study included 100 cases of NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) patients and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. NQO1 (C609T) genotyping was performed by allele specific PCR for assessment of putative associations with clinical outcome and genotypes of. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of NSCLC patients' was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In Indian NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) patients increased risk of developing NSCLC was found to be associated with NQO1 609TT genotype [OR 3.68(0.90-14.98), RR 2.04(0.78-5.31)] for CT [OR 2.91(1.58-5.34), RR 1.74(1.23-2.44) p=0.0005 for CT], for CT+TT [ OR 3.26(1.82-5.82), RR 1.87(1.34-2.61) p<0.0001 for CT+TT]. A significant difference (p=0.0009) was observed in genotype distribution among cases and healthy controls. Patients with CT+TT genotype exhibited a significant poor overall survival compared with patients displaying homozygous CC genotype (p=0.03) and when survival independently compared with CC, TT and CT genotype was also found to be significantly associated (p=0.02). Overall median survival times were CT 6.0 months, TT 8.2 months, and CT + TT (6.4 months)]. Conclusions: The present study revealed that NQO1 CT, TT and CT+TT genotypes may be associated with clinical outcome and risk of developing NSCLC in the Indian population.