• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2013

Phytochemical studies on the leaves of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) have not been reported previously. Thus, the authors isolated and identified secondary metabolites from A. altissima. Dried and powdered leaves were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Four flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatography. Spectroscopic data including NMR, MS, and IR allowed for identification of the chemical structures as quercetin (1), afzelin (2), quercitrin (3), and isoquercitrin (4). This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from A. altissima. The four isolated flavonoids 1-4 as well as solvent fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water), were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1993

An experimental study was performed for the preparation of living skin-equivalent by the using collagen gel contraction with human fibroblasts as neodermls and cultured human keratinocytes as neoderm is . The results were as follows ; 1) The rate of collagen gel contraction was dependent on the number of fibroblasts into the lattice and collagen contraction was progressed according to the increment of the number of the cells. 2) The rate of collagen gel contraction was progressed according to the decrement of the contraction of the collagen. 3) The rate of gel contraction was progressed according to the increment of serum concentration in the fixed concentration of the fibroblasts and collagen. 4) The lattice contraction was decreased according to the increment of the population doublings of the fibroblasts. 5) Macroscopically, the artificial dermis was gray white in color and tissue-like consistency and elas- ticity. 6) Microscopically, three dimensionally contracted artificial dermis showed more dense fibroblasts and its newly formed collagen fibrils in the matrix than one dimensionally contracted one. 7) Finally prepared skin-equivalent showed good attachment of living stratified keratinocytes to the dermal equivalent microscopically. It has been proposed that newly formed skin-equivalent is suitable for the graft of extensively and deeply burned patients. Shortening of the manufacturing period of skin-equivalent and development of conservation technique as a readily usable state are to be solved for our ongoing works.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2017

In this study, the effect of different substrates of agricultural by-products on the mycelial growth rate and density of Trametes versicolor (Turkeytail mushroom) was analyzed. We found that pepper stem and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best mycelial growth of 101 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelial growth of 83 mm in 10 days. The control group treated with a 9:1 mixing ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran (v/v) produced mycelial growth of 74 mm in 10 days. The following results are in the order of beanstalk, sesame stem, and perilla stem. After the harvest of the mushrooms, the mycelial growth rate and the density of T. versicolor in each substrate were as follows the group with waste substrate of Pleurotus eryngii and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best result of 76 mm in days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 produced of 61 mm in 10 days. The control group with a 9:1 ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran produced mycelia of 74 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelia of 59 mm in10 days.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.343-345
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• 2002

The study was investigated hot-water soluble on waxy black and waxy rice flours according to gelatinization temperatures and heating time. The hot-water soluble contents of both samples were increased during heating time at $90^{\circ}C$. The waxy black and waxy rice flours solutions according to gelatinization temperatures ($80^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C,\;95^{\circ}C\;and\;98^{\circ}C$) were heated for 10, 20 and 30 min. Determination of elution patterns of rice flours was used by Sepharose CL-2B column. As a result, the elution patterns were eluted the most in void volume ($V_0$) and the elution patterns of the hot-water solubles were increased according to heating time and gelatinization temperatures.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Nano-sized ZnSe particles are successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution at room temperature using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the reducing agent and stabilizer, respectively. The effects of the mass ratio of the reducing agent to Se, stabilizer concentration, and stirring time on the synthesis of the ZnSe nanoparticles are evaluated. The light absorption/emission properties of the synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and particle size analyzer (PSA) techniques. At least one mass ratio (NaBH4/Se) of the reducing agent should be added to produce ZnSe nanoparticles finer than 10 nm and to absorb UV-vis light shorter than the ZnSe bulk absorption wavelength of 460 nm. As the ratio of the reducing agent increases, the absorption wavelengths in the UV-vis curves are blue-shifted. Stirring in the atmosphere acts as a deterrent to the reduction reaction and formation of nanoparticles, but if not stirred in the atmosphere, the result is on par with synthesis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The stabilizer, TGA, has an impact on the Zn precursor synthesis. The fabricated nanoparticles exhibit excellent photo-absorption/discharge characteristics, suggesting that ZnSe nanoparticles can be alloyed without the need for organic solutions or high-temperature environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

종고대도현재하단전재건신양생방면점착흔중요위치. 의가(醫家), 도가(道家), 불가등위료보지건강타문주료흔다노력화각식적연구. 하단전시태아재모친복중생활적지방(下丹田是胎兒在母親腹中生活的地方), 시정자재부친체내생장적중요부위시생명성장적지방(是精子在父親體內生長的重要部位是生命成長的地方), 위료보유지건강적영혼화육체취요단련단전보지단전기중최보편적방법취시단전호흡화수기(爲了保維持健康的靈魂和肉體就要鍛鍊丹田保持丹田其中最普遍的方法就是丹田呼吸和手技)(침구(鍼灸), 약(藥), 안마(按摩)), 본고취시통과수기유지건강적단전소주적고찰(本告就是通過手技維持健康的丹田所做的考察). 한의학설(韓醫學說);(종동양사상주기초(從東洋思想做基礎))치인체질병유음양설(治人體疾病有陰陽說), 오행설등동양문화적근원음양설시포괄인간자연계적세계만물(五行說等東洋文化的根源陰陽說是包括人間自然界的世界萬物), 음화양적상대성(陰和陽的相對性), 상보성(相補性), 상련성등(相連性等) 원리주적관찰(原理做的觀察), 오행설시목(五行說是木), 화(火), 토(土), 금(金), 수자연계적삼라만상오류군적상생(水自然界的森羅萬象五類群的相生), 상극(相剋), 상화사득만물질서조율(相和使得萬物秩序調律), 인체시삼라만상(人體是森羅萬象), 우주중적소우주(宇宙中的小宇宙), 산화계곡(山和溪谷), 천화강해(川和江海), 동식물(動植物), 생활도구(生活道具), 건축물(建築物), 천체화무의등조성료인체구조자연화생명적조화중한의학시용침술화약재치료료인적질병(天體和巫醫等組成了人體構造自然和生命的造化中韓醫學是用鍼術和藥材治療了人的疾病). 저양조화유지료신체건강, 여과파배료저종조화상호보충적관계취회출현이상, 취회질인병기질병(就會疾引病起疾病), 소이위료유지신체적조화취요호호적이해신체적구성(所以爲了維持身體的調和就要好好的理解身體的構成), 관리호신체적각부분(管理好身體的各部分). 저시논문규명적취시신체내양생최중요적지방시단전, 하단전적구조이해지후취회명백유지신체조화적경혈적관계(下丹田的構造理解之後就會明白維持身體調和的經穴的關係).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

As the ticket issuing methods have been diversified for the convenience of the passengers such as ticketless service(SMS ticket, e-ticket, home ticket), automatic ticket issuing machine and consignment ticket sale, maintaining the current number of ticket booth has been becoming a issue. This study is designed to simulation for the optimum number of ticket booth and which can affect an efficient operation of train station and improvement of customer convenience. This study will contribute to minimize customer waiting time at the ticket booth. In addition, presenting the optimum number of booth is expected to have an effect on the increase of productivity and cost savings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2015

하천관리는 직접유출과 기저유출로 구성된 하천유량의 특성을 이해하는 것으로부터 시작된다. 따라서 직접유출과 기저유출의 특성은 직접적으로 하천유량의 변동성으로 전달된다. 이러한 점을 고려했을 때 전략적인 하천관리를 위해서는 직접유출/기저유출과 하천유량의 관계를 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 대해 본 연구의 목적은 하천유량의 변동성과 기저유출비(Baseflow Index, BFI)의 관계를 분석하고, 이러한 관계를 일관성 있게 나타낼 수 있는 하천유량 변동성 지표(Streamflow Variability Index, SVI)를 제시하는 것이다. 본 목적을 달성하기 위해 국내 총 91개 유량관측소를 대상으로 유황계수, R-B Index(Richards-Baker Flashiness Index), 변동계수(Coefficient of Variation), Q5:Q95 ratio 등의 SVI를 적용하였다. 이와 더불어, BFI를 산정하기 위하여 기저유출 분리 모형인 WHAT, PART, HYSEP, BFLOW를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 BFI값이 증가 할수록 SVI의 값은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 다양한 SVI 가운데 BFI에 대한 R-B Index의 평균 결정계수가 0.66로 가장 큰 값을 나타냈으며, 특히 WHAT 모델의 Local Minimum Method(LMM)과의 결정계수가 0.82로 가장 밀접한 관계를 나타냈다. 변동계수 또한 평균 결정계수 값이 0.60으로 높은 값을 보였다. 그 외 유황계수와 Q5:Q95의 평균 결정계수는 각각 0.04와 0.07로 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. 결론적으로 다양한 SVI 가운데 R-B Index가 여러 기저유출 방법으로 산정된 BFI 값들에 대하여 가장 일관성 있는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 하천의 생태적 기능 유지와 치수안정성을 확보를 고려한 하천관리에 기여할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.317-317
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• 2018

Baseflow which is one of the unmeasurable components of streamflow and slowly flows through underground is important for water resource management. Despite various separation methods from researches preceded, it is difficult to find a significant separation method for baseflow separation. This study applied the MRC method and developed the improved approach to separate baseflow from total streamflow hydrograph. Previous researchers utilized the whole streamflow data of study period at once to derive synthetic MRCs causing unreliable results. This study has been proceeded with total nine areas with gauging stations. Each three areas are selected from 3 domestic major watersheds. Tool for drawing MRC had been used to draw MRCs of each area. First, synthetic MRC for whole period and two other MRCs were drawn following two different criteria. Two criteria were set by different conditions, one is flow condition and the other is seasonality. The whole streamflow was classified according to seasonality and flow conditions, and MRCs had been drawn with a specialized program. The MRCs for flow conditions had low R2 and similar trend to recession segments. On the other hand, the seasonal MRCs were eligible for the baseflow separation that properly reflects the seasonal variability of baseflow. Comparing two methods of assuming MRC for baseflow separation, seasonal MRC was more effective for relieving overestimating tendency of synthetic MRC. Flow condition MRCs had large distribution of the flow and this means accurate MRC could not be found. Baseflow separation using seasonal MRC is showing more reliability than the other one however, if certain technique added up to the flow condition MRC method to stabilize distribution of the streamflow, the flow conditions method could secure reliability as much as seasonal MRC method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 2021

Bok choy is one of Brassica vegetables widely consumed worldwide. Brassica vegetables have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-cancer and cardioprotective activity. However, studies on immunostimulatory activity of bok choy sprout have not been conducted properly. Thus, in this study, we investigated in vitro immunostimulatory activity of bok choy sprout extract (BCS) using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our results showed that BCS increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1, and phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. BCS activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. However, BCS-mediated production of immunomodulators was dependent on JNK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. the mRNA expression of TLR2 were significantly increased by BCS, TLR2 inhibition by anti-TLR2 dramatically suppressed the production of immunomodulators by BCS. In addition, TLR2 inhibition by anti-TLR2 significantly reduced BCS-mediated phosphorylation level of AKT, JNK and NF-κB. From these results, BCS may have immunostimulatory activity via TLR2-MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, BCS expected to be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.