• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.897-905
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• 2002

A three-dimensional photochemical air pollution model considered advection, dispersion, photochemical reactions, and precipitation processes was developed. The calculated results of meteorological observation clearly exhibited geographical effects of Gwangyang Bay, in which land and sea breezes, mount-valley winds and local circular winds occurred. The observed results of daytime NOx concentrations were slightly higher than the calculated NOx concentrations in Yosu industrial complex, Gwangyang iron mill, and container yard. Eventually, the calculated NOx results generally agreed well with the observed ones.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.172-178
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• 2006

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.123-140
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• 2004

With the globalization of economy, there is keen competition among rountries to be a logistics hub and companies are striving to be first in establishing logistics system centering on advantageous sites, especially airport and seaports, to perform supply, production and distribution. Korea competing with Northeast Asia countries is also working out strategies in order to make Korea peninsula a logistics center of Northeast Asia taking advantage of its geographical strength. Gwangyang port has designated as Free Economic Zone together with Pusan and Jinhae, Incheon from October 24th, 2003. However, the introduction of Free Economic Zone in Korea lagged behind other major countries and it has a lot of operational problems. Approximately 600 areas worldwide are designated and operated as a Free Economic Zone and Gwangyang port and its surrounding area has several points to be settled as one of FEZ. First one is its limited functions and related laws. Next is imperfection on development, investment and management system of the hinterland. Lark of promotion activities could be one of the problems. This paper analyzes the above problems and presents various measures to activate Gwangyang Port and Gwangyang Free Economic Zone as follows Benchmarking to promote Gwangyang Free Economic Zone as follows Benchmarking other countries' system, governmental support, introduction & logistics functions, early development of the hinterland, supply of effective one-stop service, investment attraction into the area and diversified promotion & marketing activities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2003

The spatial distributional pattern of macrobenthic fauna was investigated to assess the summer benthic environmental conditions in Gwangyang Bay, the southern coast of Korea. The macrobenthic faunal community from 38 sites in Gwangyang Bay comprised 154 species and showed an overall mean density of 1,280 individuals $m^{-2}$. Polychaetes were the most important component of the macrofaunal community in species richness, abundance and biomass. The dominant species in abundance were polychaetes like Tharyx sp. (44.8%), Lumbrineris longifolia (14.0%), Heteromastus filiformis (3.6%), a mussel Mytilus edulis, and an amphipod crustacean Corophium sinense. The abundance and biomass in the western part of the bay were lower than those in the channel regions and mouth of the bay. The community indices showed the same trend in the spatial distribution with the abundance and species richness. All macrobenthic faunas were assigned into a specific functional group according to their ecological responses to the environmental stress. The benthic community health based on the Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) or Biotic Coefficient (BC) seemed to be in the normal to unbalanced er transitional condition, indicated by the dominance of small polychaete worms like Tharyx sp. in the mouth part of the bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

We estimated sediment pollution by the analysis of COD and AVS. We also estimated the contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in sediment of Gwangyang bay, Mokpo inner bay and Shinan Bigum coastal area from 2011 July to 2012 February. In these results of sediment COD and AVS show III level pollution in Mokpo inner bay, however Gwangyang and Shinan Bigum coast show I level pollution. The results of Igeo show over 2 on the contents of Cu and Cd in Gwangyang bay and Mokpo inner bay. It also know that Igeo can more and detail estimate sediment pollution in industrial coastal area. These results show that it is suitable to estimated sediment pollution by COD and AVS with trace metal in industrial and initial polluted coastal area rather than analysis of COD and AVS only in coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2007

In this study, we tried to quantitatively study the distribution of estrogenic activity in sediment from Gwangyang Bay by E-screen assay. Besides, we compared the estrogenic activity and the concentration of chemical pollutants. The highest estrogenic activity was recorded at the stations(GY6 and GY8) close to industrial complex and the river mouth of Seomjin. These results obtained from the E-screen assay similar to those of simultaneous analytical detection of 310 chemicals. In particular, GY6 and GY8 sites are confirmed as the full agonist sites because of their RPE values were over 90% having strong estrogenic effect. Also, their EEQ(Estradiol Equivalency Quantity) values are 35.6 ng/g and 14.6 ng/g, low than that of other sites, and these results suggests that have relatively high estrogenic efficiency in Gwangyang Bay. From these results, we can estimate that the stations close to industrial complex and the river mouth of Seomjin are major sources of endocrine disrupter in Gwangyang Bay. On the other hand, when we tried to compare the endocrine disrupter activity and $COD_{Mn}$ value, that is not correlated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.504-516
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find out subjective perception types and needs of interested group on the Field Placement on Demand of Gwangyang Bay Area Industry by Q methodology, then to search for political measures to improve Field Placement in the implication of the sorted subjective perception types. The result of the study showed that there are three major sorts of subjectivities on the Field Placement Activation Plan on Demand of Gwangyang Bay Area Industry: emphasizes indusrty-college cooperation(Type1), emphasizes industry demand analysis(Type2), emphasizes field-centered education(Type3). And a new study showed that results can improve Field Placement on Demand of Gwangyang Bay Area Industry: positive industry-college partnership building, manpower training total support system building by manpower demand analysis and the situation of local industry, building the infrastructure for the training on demand of local industry on-the-job, trasition into field-centered education system by national competency standards(NCS).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22
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• pp.78-85
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• 2004

Polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantitatively determined in bivalves from Gwangyang Bay. Twenty-four kinds of target PAHs were detected in the entire samples. Total PAHs concentrations ranged 86.1∼1,210 ng g$\^$-1/ dry weight with a average concentration of 309 ng g$\^$-1/, which is much lower than those of other industrialized bays in Korea. Strong tidal currents and artificial interferences like reclamation and dredging activity were suggested as major reason for disparity between highly industrialization and low contamination status. There was no correlation between total PAHs and lipid contents, implying that lipid content is not the one major parameter for the accumulation of PAHs by bivalves. Input sources were inferred as petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs. With help of PCA analysis, signals of seasonal variations, not only concentrations but also compositions were found.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.59-63
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• 2007

This study discusses the spatiotemporal characteristics of the geomorphological changes in Gwangyang Bay. In this study, we analyzed four aerial photos and nautical charts. The geomorphological changes that have occurred over time were identified using an MGIS (Marine geographic information system) overlay analysis. As a result, we were able to identify the geomorphological changes that have resulted from the coastal development and fairway dredging of Gwangyang Bay. This paper demonstrates that the marine geographic information system can be effective in monitoring the geomorphological changes in coastal zones.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand distributional characteristics in the atmospheric concentrations of $O_3$ and its precursors based on data taken at the southern Korean coast. The average $O_3$ concentration in the high altitude was found to range from 32.3 to 90.8 ppb with a maximum concentration of 132 ppb. The ambient $O_3$ concentration was high at altitudes of 1000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near Gwangyang Bay and an industrial area containing emission sources. The daily mean concentrations of $NO_y$ and CO were 6.7-24.2 ppb and 0.152-0.487 ppm, respectively. During the aerial measurement period, the highest mean concentration of $O_3$ was observed on June 1. The aerial measurement results showed that the maximum ozone concentration was observed to be 132 ppb in the high altitude the southernmost part of Yeosu. The measurement of vertical wind fields in the air indicated that $O_3$ formed in the southernmost part of Yeosu was transported by strong southwesterly winds to the northeast of Gwangyang Bay. This led to a ground $O_3$ concentration of over 100 ppb in Jinju, the northeastern part of Gwangyang Bay. On August 9, when the maximum $O_3$ concentration was 50 ppb, the measurement results showed that $O_3$ concentrations were relatively low compared to other days. In particular, low $NO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were observed, both of which serve to form $O_3$ in photochemical reactions.